1、安装tomcat
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
|
yum
install
-y java-1.7.0-openjdk
tar
zxf apache-tomcat-7.0.65.
tar
.gz -C
/usr/local/
cd
/usr/local/
ln
-s apache-tomcat-7.0.65/ tomcat
vim
/etc/profile
.d
/tomcat
.sh
export
CATALINA_HOME=
/usr/local/tomcat
export
PATH=$PATH:$CATALINA_HOME
/bin
.
/etc/profile
.d
/tomcat
.sh
vim
/etc/init
.d
/tomcat
#!/bin/sh
# Tomcat init script for Linux.
#
# chkconfig: 2345 96 14
# description: The Apache Tomcat servlet/JSP container.
JAVA_OPTS=
'-Xms64m -Xmx128m'
JAVA_HOME=
/usr
CATALINA_HOME=
/usr/local/tomcat
export
JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME
exec
$CATALINA_HOME
/bin/catalina
.sh $*
chmod
+x
/etc/init
.d
/tomcat
chkconfig --add tomcat
service tomcat start
|
2、安装Apache
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
|
yum -y
install
gcc gcc-c++ openssl-devel pcre-devel
tar
xf apr-1.4.6.
tar
.bz2
cd
apr-1.4.6
.
/configure
--prefix=
/usr/local/apr
--disable-ipv6
make
&&
make
install
tar
xf apr-util-1.4.1.
tar
.bz2
cd
apr-util-1.4.1
.
/configure
--prefix=
/usr/local/apr-util
--with-apr=
/usr/local/apr
make
&&
make
install
tar
xf httpd-2.2.25.
tar
.bz2
cd
httpd-2.2.25
.
/configure
\
--prefix=
/usr/local/apache
\
--sysconfdir=
/etc/httpd
\
--
enable
-so \
--
enable
-ssl \
--
enable
-cgi \
--
enable
-rewrite \
--with-zlib \
--with-pcre \
--with-apr=
/usr/local/apr
\
--with-apr-util=
/usr/local/apr-util
\
--
enable
-mpms-shared=all \
--with-mpm=event \
--
enable
-proxy \
--
enable
-proxy-http \
--
enable
-proxy-ajp \
--
enable
-proxy-balancer \
--
enable
-lbmethod-heartbeat \
--
enable
-heartbeat \
--
enable
-slotmem-shm \
--
enable
-slotmem-plain \
--
enable
-watchdog
make
&&
make
install
cp
build
/rpm/httpd
.init
/etc/init
.d
/httpd
vim
/etc/init
.d
/httpd
httpd=${HTTPD-
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd
}
pidfile=${PIDFILE-
/usr/local/apache/logs/
${prog}.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-
/var/lock/subsys/
${prog}}
RETVAL=0
# check for 1.3 configuration
check13 () {
CONFFILE=
/etc/httpd/httpd
.conf
echo
"PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH"
>>
/etc/profile
.d
/http
.sh
.
/etc/profile
.d
/http
.sh
ln
-s
/usr/local/apache/include/
/usr/include/httpd
vim
/etc/httpd/httpd
.conf
LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules
/mod_slotmem_shm
.so
ServerName localhost:80
chkconfig --add httpd
service httpd start
|
3、配置Apache使用mod_jk模块实现代理及负载均衡
######修改Apache主配置文件，包含一个文件并创建该文件；实现代理功能
将下面指令添加到文件末尾即可
|
1
2
|
# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
Include
/etc/httpd/extra/mod_jk
.conf
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------
创建文件添加如下内容
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
# vim /etc/httpd/extra/mod_jk.conf
LoadModule jk_module modules
/mod_jk
.so
JkWorkersFile
/etc/httpd/extra/workers
.properties
JkLogFile logs
/mod_jk
.log
JkLogLevel debug
JkMount /* TomcatA
JkMount
/status/
stat1
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
# vim /etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties
worker.list=TomcatA,stat1
worker.TomcatA.port=8009
worker.TomcatA.host=172.16.14.3
worker.TomcatA.
type
=ajp13
worker.TomcatA.lbfactor=1
worker.stat1.
type
= status
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
|
# service httpd restart
######修改后端Tomcat1服务器，添加一个虚拟主机并提供测试页面
[root@Tomcat1 ~]
# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/
[root@Tomcat1 conf]
# cp server.xml server.xml.bak
[root@Tomcat1 conf]
# vim server.xml
######修改如下内容
<Engine name=
"Catalina"
defaultHost=
"www.jsprun.com"
jvmRoute=
"TomcatA"
>
######在"Engine"中添加如下内容
<Host name=
"www.jsprun.com"
appBase=
"/jsprun"
unpackWARs=
"true"
autoDeploy=
"true"
>
<Valve className=
"org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve"
directory=
"logs"
prefix=
"jsprun_access_log."
suffix=
".txt"
pattern=
"%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b"
/>
<Context path=
""
docBase=
"/jsprun"
/>
<
/Host
>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
######创建网站存放目录并创建测试页
[root@Tomcat1 ~]
# mkdir /jsprun
[root@Tomcat1 ~]
# vim /jsprun/index.jsp
<%@ page language=
"java"
%>
<html>
<
head
><title>TomcatA<
/title
><
/head
>
<body>
<h1><font color=
"red"
>TomcatA <
/font
><
/h1
>
<table align=
"centre"
border=
"1"
>
<
tr
>
<td>Session ID<
/td
>
<% session.setAttribute(
"abc"
,
"abc"
); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %><
/td
>
<
/tr
>
<
tr
>
<td>Created on<
/td
>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %><
/td
>
<
/tr
>
<
/table
>
<
/body
>
<
/html
>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
######修改Apache配置文件(mod_jk.conf、workers.properties)；实现负载均衡
# vim /etc/httpd/extra/mod_jk.conf
LoadModule jk_module modules
/mod_jk
.so
JkWorkersFile
/etc/httpd/extra/workers
.properties
JkLogFile logs
/mod_jk
.log
JkLogLevel debug
JkMount /* lbcluster
JkMount
/status/
stat1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
# vim /etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties
worker.list=lbcluster,stat1
worker.TomcatA.port=8009
worker.TomcatA.host=172.16.14.3
worker.TomcatA.
type
=ajp13
worker.TomcatA.lbfactor=1
worker.TomcatB.port = 8009
worker.TomcatB.host=172.16.14.4
worker.TomcatB.
type
= ajp13
worker.TomcatB.lbfactor = 1
worker.lbcluster.
type
= lb
worker.lbcluster.sticky_session = 0
#取值为{1|0}1将用户session与后端服务器绑定，0
为不绑定，如果支持session复制或session共享可以设置为0
worker.lbcluster.balance_workers = TomcatA, TomcatB
worker.stat1.
type
= status
----------------------------------------------------------------------
# service httpd reload
######修改后端Tomcat2服务器，添加一个虚拟主机并提供测试页面
[root@Tomcat2 ~]
# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/
[root@Tomcat2 conf]
# cp server.xml server.xml.bak
[root@Tomcat2 conf]
# vim server.xml
######修改如下内容
<Engine name=
"Catalina"
defaultHost=
"www.jsprun.com"
jvmRoute=
"TomcatB"
>
######在"Engine"中添加如下内容
<Host name=
"www.jsprun.com"
appBase=
"/jsprun"
unpackWARs=
"true"
autoDeploy=
"true"
>
<Valve className=
"org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve"
directory=
"logs"
prefix=
"jsprun_access_log."
suffix=
".txt"
pattern=
"%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b"
/>
<Context path=
""
docBase=
"/jsprun"
/>
<
/Host
>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
######创建网站存放目录并创建测试页
[root@Tomcat2 ~]
# mkdir /jsprun
[root@Tomcat2 ~]
# vim /jsprun/index.jsp
<%@ page language=
"java"
%>
<html>
<
head
><title>TomcatB<
/title
><
/head
>
<body>
<h1><font color=
"blue"
>TomcatB <
/font
><
/h1
>
<table align=
"centre"
border=
"1"
>
<
tr
>
<td>Session ID<
/td
>
<% session.setAttribute(
"abc"
,
"abc"
); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %><
/td
>
<
/tr
>
<
tr
>
<td>Created on<
/td
>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %><
/td
>
<
/tr
>
<
/table
>
<
/body
>
<
/html
>
4、配置Apache基于mod_proxy模块实现代理及负载均衡
######修改Apache的主配置文件，包含一个文件并创建该文件；实现代理功能
# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
#Include /etc/httpd/extra/mod_jk.conf #注释此行
Include
/etc/httpd/extra/mod_proxy
.conf
------------------------------------------------------------------------
# vim /etc/httpd/extra/mod_proxy.conf
ProxyVia On
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPreserveHost Off
<Proxy *>
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
<
/Proxy
>
ProxyPass / ajp:
//172
.16.14.3:8009/
ProxyPassReverse / ajp:
//172
.16.14.3:8009/
<Location / >
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
<
/Location
>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
# service httpd reload
=====================================================
=================
注释：
ProxyPass / ajp:
//172
.16.14.3:8009/
#使用的是ajp协议
ProxyPassReverse / ajp:
//172
.16.14.3:8009/
可以更改为使用http协议；如下
ProxyPass / http:
//172
.16.14.3:8080/
ProxyPassReverse / http:
//172
.16.14.3:8080/
######这里只演示使用ajp协议,如果是Apache与Tomcat结合建议使用ajp协议
######修改Apache配置文件(mod_proxy.conf)；实现负载均衡
# vim /etc/httpd/extra/mod_proxy.conf
ProxyVia Off
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPreserveHost Off
<Proxy balancer:
//allen
>
BalancerMember ajp:
//172
.16.14.3:8009 loadfactor=1
BalancerMember ajp:
//172
.16.14.4:8009 loadfactor=1
ProxySet lbmethod=bytraffic
<
/Proxy
>
<Location
/allen
>
#设置状态及管理页面
SetHandler balancer-manager
Proxypass !
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
<
/Location
>
<Proxy *>
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
<
/Proxy
>
ProxyPass / balancer:
//allen/
stickysession=JSESSIONID
ProxyPassReverse / balancer:
//allen/
<Location / >
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
<
/Location
>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
注释：
BalancerMember ajp:
//172
.16.14.3:8009 loadfactor=1
#使用ajp协议
BalancerMember ajp:
//172
.16.14.4:8009 loadfactor=1
可更改为使用http协议
BalancerMember http:
//172
.16.14.3:8080 loadfactor=1
BalancerMember http:
//172
.16.14.4:8080 loadfactor=1
######这里只介绍使用ajp协议，如果有兴趣可以更改一下；loadfactor：权重
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ProxySet lbmethod=bytraffic
#设置调度算法
byrequests：即基于权重将统计请求个数进行调度(默认)
bytraffic：则执行基于权重的流量计数调度
bybusyness：通过考量每个后端服务器的当前负载进行调度
----------------------------------------------------------------------
# service httpd reload
5、论坛安装
######在Tomcat1服务器上安装
# unzip JspRun\!_6.0.0_GBK.zip
# mv /web/allen/index.jsp /web/allen/test.jsp
# cp -r upload/* /web/allen/
------------------------------------------------------------------------
修改论坛数据库连接文件
# vim /web/allen/config.properties
dbhost = 172.16.14.5
dbport=3306
dbuser = bbsuser
dbpw = bbspass
dbname = bbs
------------------------------------------------------------------------
# catalina.sh stop
# catalina.sh start
######安装论坛程序
http:
//172
.16.14.1
/install
.jsp
######将论坛程序拷贝到Tomcat2服务器上一份并访问测试
# mv /web/allen/index.jsp /web/allen/test.jsp #把原来的测试页重命名
------------------------------------------------------------------------
# scp -r 172.16.14.3:/web/allen/* /web/allen/
# catalina.sh stop
# catalina.sh start
6、安装并配置Keepalived
######将Apache1服务器的Httpd配置文件复制到Apache2服务器
[root@Apache1 ~]
# cd /etc/httpd/
[root@Apache1 httpd]
# scp httpd.conf 172.16.14.2:/etc/httpd/
[root@Apache1 httpd]
# cd extra/
[root@Apache1 extra]
# scp mod_jk.conf mod_proxy.conf workers.properties
172.16.14.2:
/etc/httpd/extra/
######在Apache1与Apache2服务器上安装Keepalived；这里使用rpm包安装，光
盘映像中有
[root@Apache1 ~]
# yum -y install keepalived
--------------------------------------------
[root@Apache2 ~]
# yum -y install keepalived
######配置Apache1服务器上的Keepalived
[root@Apache1 ~]
# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File
for
keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
root@localhost
}
notification_email_from admin@allen.com
smtp_server 172.16.0.0
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_ALLEN
}
vrrp_script chk_httpd {
script
"killall -0 httpd"
interval 1
weight -2
}
vrrp_instance httpd_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 58
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1058
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.14.10
}
track_script {
chk_httpd
}
}
[root@Apache1 ~]
# service keepalived start
[root@Apache1 ~]
# chkconfig keepalived on
[root@Apache1 ~]
# chkconfig --list keepalived
keepalived 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
[root@Apache1 ~]
# ip addr show eth0
######配置Apache2服务器上的Keepalived
[root@Apache2 ~]
# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File
for
keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
root@localhost
}
notification_email_from admin@allen.com
smtp_server 172.16.0.0
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_ALLEN
}
vrrp_script chk_httpd {
script
"killall -0 httpd"
interval 1
weight -2
}
vrrp_instance httpd_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 58
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1058
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.14.10
}
track_script {
chk_httpd
}
}
[root@Apache2 ~]
# service keepalived start
[root@Apache2 ~]
# chkconfig --list keepalived
keepalived 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
######模拟前端一台服务器出现故障；查看虚拟IP是否转移
######停止Apache1服务器上的Httpd服务来模拟故障；并查看IP
[root@Apache1 ~]
# service httpd stop
[root@Apache1 ~]
# ip addr show eth0
|
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state
UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:2c:1a:24 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.14.1/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe2c:1a24/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
=====================================================
===================
######查看Apache2服务器上的IP
[root@Apache2 ~]# ip addr show eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state
UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:ec:f6:3f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.14.2/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global eth0
inet 172.16.14.10/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feec:f63f/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
######从上一步可以看出，虚拟IP地址已成功转移，说明还能正常提供服务，可以
再次访问测试；如果服务器修复好重新上线，虚拟IP还会转移回去；这里就不再测试
本文转自1321385590 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/linux10000/1717537，如需转载请自行联系原作者
