CentOS中的RPM软件包管理

RPM包管理机制由RedHat提出，被RedHat、SUSE系列采用。

建立集中数据库，记录软件包的变化信息，分析软件包依赖关系。

rpm包文件名特征：软件名-版本信息.操作系统.硬件架构.rpm

rpm安装位置：

（1）查询软件信息：

rpm -q子选项 软件名

-a：列出已经安装的软件。

-i：查看指定软件的信息。

-l：查看软件的安装文件清单。

-c：列出清单的位置。

-f：rpm -qf 命令的绝对路径：查询某个文件或目录是哪个软件带来的，即使删除也可以查询到。

-pi：查看指定本地软件的详细信息

[root@node0 ~]# rpm -qpi ./elasticsearch-2.3.4.rpm

warning: ./elasticsearch-2.3.4.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID d88e42b4: NOKEY

Name            : elasticsearch

Relocations: /usr

Version         : 2.3.4     Vendor: (none)

Release         : 1                            

Build Date: Thu 30 Jun 2016 07:32:30 PM CST

Install Date: (not installed)              

Build Host: vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64

Group           : Application/Internet         

Source RPM: elasticsearch-2.3.4-1.src.rpm

Size             : 30797293                        

License: (c) 2009

Signature   : RSA/SHA1, Thu 30 Jun 2016 07:32:32 PM CST, Key ID d27d666cd88e42b4

Packager         : Elasticsearch

Summary          : Distribution: RPM

Description      :

Elasticsearch is a distributed RESTful search engine built for the cloud. Reference documentation can be found at https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html and the 'Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide' book can be found at https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/guide/current/index.html

-pl：查看本地软件的安装清单

[root@node0 ~]# rpm -qpl ./elasticsearch-2.3.4.rpm

warning: ./elasticsearch-2.3.4.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID d88e42b4: NOKEY

/etc/elasticsearch

/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml

/etc/elasticsearch/logging.yml

/etc/elasticsearch/scripts

/etc/init.d/elasticsearch

/etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch

/usr/lib/sysctl.d

/usr/lib/sysctl.d/elasticsearch.conf

/usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service

/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d

/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/elasticsearch.conf

.......

-pc：仅列出本地软件的配置文件清单

[root@node0 ~]# rpm -qpc ./elasticsearch-2.3.4.rpm

warning: ./elasticsearch-2.3.4.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID d88e42b4: NOKEY

/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml

/etc/elasticsearch/logging.yml

/etc/init.d/elasticsearch

/etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch

/usr/lib/sysctl.d/elasticsearch.conf

/usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service

/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/elasticsearch.conf

（2）安装软件：

rpm -i rpm文件

 [root@node0 ~]# rpm -ivh ./elasticsearch-2.3.4.rpm

warning: ./elasticsearch-2.3.4.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID d88e42b4: NOKEY

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

Creating elasticsearch group... OK

Creating elasticsearch user... OK

   1:elasticsearch          ########################################### [100%]

### NOT starting on installation, please execute the following statements to configure elasticsearch service to start automatically using chkconfig

 sudo chkconfig --add elasticsearch

### You can start elasticsearch service by executing

 sudo service elasticsearch start

（3）升级软件：

rpm -U rpm包文件

rpm -F rpm包文件

-v：显示安装细节

-h：使用#显示进度

--forece：强制安装

--test：测试安装

（4）卸载软件：

rpm -e 软件名称(支持通配符)

    --nodeps：忽略依赖关系

[root@node0 ~]# rpm -qa | grep ela

elasticsearch-2.3.4-1.noarch

[root@node0 ~]# rpm -e elasticsearch-2.3.4-1.noarch

Stopping elasticsearch service... OK

[root@node0 ~]# rpm -qa | grep ela

（5）rpm软件包验证：

验证待安装的软件是否破损：

rpm -K --nosignature rpm包文件

[root@node0 ~]# rpm -K --nosignature elasticsearch-2.3.4.rpm

elasticsearch-2.3.4.rpm: sha1 md5 OK

验证rpm包文件是否是官方版本：

[root@node0 ~]# rpm --import /dvd/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6  # 导入公钥文件

[root@node0 ~]# rpm -K /dvd/Packages/yajl-1.0.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm # 验证

/dvd/Packages/yajl-1.0.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm: rsa sha1 (md5) pgp md5 OK