之前介绍了AJAX的get的请求方式与跨域请求，除此之外AJAX还可以进行异步的post请求，在使用post方式的请求时需要设置请求头，如下：

xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

如果没有设置请求头信息的话，服务端是接收不到post数据的。

以下示例简单演示如何提交post表单数据：

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<script>
    function createCORSRequest(method, url) {
        var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
        if ("withCredentials" in xhr) {
            xhr.open(method, url, true);
            // 设置请求头信息
            xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
        } else if (typeof XDmainRequest != "undefined") { //兼容IE
            xhr = new XDmainRequest();
            xhr.open(method, url, true);
            xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
        } else {
            xhr = null;
        }
        return xhr;
    }

    function sendCode() {
        var request = createCORSRequest('post', 'send');
        if (request) {
            request.onload=function () {
                if(request.responseText){
                    // 显示服务端响应的数据
                    alert(request.responseText);
                }else{
                    alert("服务端没有响应数据！");
                }
            };
            // 发送post表单数据
            request.send("phone="+telNumber.value);
        }
    }
</script>
<body>
    <input type="text" name="phone" id="telNumber" placeholder="手机号码" />
    <button type="button" onclick="sendCode()">发送</button>
</body>
</html>

服务端代码：

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

@WebServlet("/send")
public class SendCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("手机号码是：" + httpServletRequest.getParameter("phone"));

        httpServletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        PrintWriter printWriter = httpServletResponse.getWriter();
        printWriter.print("服务器已收到");
    }
}

服务端控制台打印结果：

手机号码是：1234567899

客户端显示响应数据：
AJAX的post请求与上传文件

通过AJAX上传文件

上面我们演示了使用AJAX提交post表单数据，那么上传文件的请求方式也是post，以下示例演示简单的使用AJAX做一个带有进度条的文件上传。
页面代码：

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<script>
    function createCORSRequest(method, url) {
        var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
        if ("withCredentials" in xhr) {
            xhr.open(method, url, true);
        } else if (typeof XDmainRequest != "undefined") { //兼容IE
            xhr = new XDmainRequest();
            xhr.open(method, url, true);
        } else {
            xhr = null;
        }
        return xhr;
    }

    function upload() {
        // 表单数据对象
        var formData = new FormData();
        // 多个文件需要进行逐个遍历
        for (var i = 0; i < document.getElementById("files").files.length; i++) {
            // 将文件数据添加到表单数据中
            formData.append("files", document.getElementById("files").files[i]);
        }
        var request = createCORSRequest('post', 'upload');
        if (request) {
            request.onload = function () {
                if (request.responseText == "1") {
                    alert("上传成功！");
                } else {
                    alert("上传失败！");
                }
            };
            // 给进度条添加监听事件，这样才有进度条的效果
            request.upload.addEventListener("progress", progressChange, false)

            // 上传表单数据
            request.send(formData);
        }
    }

    // 改变进度条
    function progressChange(event) {
        progress1.max = event.total;  // 数据的总大小
        progress1.value = event.loaded;  // 当前已上传的大小
    }

</script>
<body>
    <input type="file" id="files" name="fileUpload" multiple="multiple"/>
    <button type="button" name="button" onclick="upload()">上传</button>
    <br><br>
    <progress id="progress1"></progress>
</body>
</html>

服务端代码：

import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.List;

@WebServlet("/upload")
public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet {

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        PrintWriter printWriter = httpServletResponse.getWriter();
        // 设置临时文件的保存路径
        DiskFileItemFactory diskFileItemFactory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
        diskFileItemFactory.setRepository(new File("D:/"));

        // 实例化文件上传对象
        ServletFileUpload servletFileUpload = new ServletFileUpload(diskFileItemFactory);
        servletFileUpload.setHeaderEncoding("UTF-8");

        // 文件的保存路径
        File savePath = new File(this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/uploadDir"));
        System.out.println(savePath.getPath());
        try {
            // 拿出请求数据
            List<FileItem> fileItems = servletFileUpload.parseRequest(httpServletRequest);
            for (FileItem fileItem : fileItems) {
                // 过滤表单字段
                if (!fileItem.isFormField()) {
                    //兼容IE，IE传过来的是路径，需要截取出文件名
                    String fileName=fileItem.getName();
                    if (fileName.indexOf("\\") >= 0) {
                        System.out.println(fileName);
                        fileName=fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("\\"),fileName.length());
                    }
                    // 写入文件到保存路径中
                    FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(fileItem.getInputStream(), new File(savePath, fileName));
                }
            }

        } catch (FileUploadException e) {
            // 上传失败响应0
            printWriter.print("0");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        // 上传成功响应1
        printWriter.print("1");
    }
}

运行效果：

AJAX的post请求与上传文件

AJAX的post请求与上传文件

AJAX的post请求与上传文件



本文转自 ZeroOne01 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/zero01/2055546，如需转载请自行联系原作者