| execute typical instruction |
1/1,000,000,000 sec = 1 nanosec |
| fetch from L1 cache memory |
0.5 nanosec |
| branch misprediction |
5 nanosec |
| fetch from L2 cache memory |
7 nanosec |
| Mutex lock/unlock |
25 nanosec |
| fetch from main memory |
100 nanosec |
| send 2K bytes over 1Gbps network |
20,000 nanosec |
| read 1MB sequentially from memory |
250,000 nanosec |
| fetch from new disk location (seek) |
8,000,000 nanosec |
| read 1MB sequentially from disk |
20,000,000 nanosec |
| send packet US to Europe and back |
150 milliseconds = 150,000,000 nanosec |
