大致规划:
主机 | IP | 描述 |
VIP | 192.168.0.222 | 对外提供高可用IP |
haproxy+keepalived (node1) | 192.168.0.111 | haproxy为后端两台WEB服务的做动静分离;keepalived为haproxy做高可用。 |
haproxy+keepalived (node2) | 192.168.0.112 | |
WEB (node3) | 192.168.0.113 | 提供静态请求响应 |
Apache+PHP+MySQL (node4) | 192.168.0.114 | 提供动态请求响应 |
一、KeepAlived的简介及原理
Keepalived的作用是检测web服务器的状态,如果有一台web服务器死机,或工作出现故障,Keepalived将检测到,并将有故障的web服务器从系统中剔除,当web服务器工作正常后Keepalived自动将web服务器加入到服务器群中,这些工作全部自动完成,不需要人工干涉,需要人工做的只是修复故障的web服务器。
Layer3,4&7工作在IP/TCP协议栈的IP层,TCP层,及应用层,原理分别如下:
Layer3:Keepalived使用Layer3的方式工作式时,Keepalived会定期向服务器群中的服务器发送一个ICMP的数据包(既我们平时用的Ping程序),如果发现某台服务的IP地址没有激活,Keepalived便报告这台服务器失效,并将它从服务器群中剔除,这种情况的典型例子是某台服务器被非法关机。Layer3的方式是以服务器的IP地址是否有效作为服务器工作正常与否的标准。在本文中将采用这种方式。
Layer4:如果您理解了Layer3的方式,Layer4就容易了。Layer4主要以TCP端口的状态来决定服务器工作正常与否。如web server的服务端口一般是80,如果Keepalived检测到80端口没有启动,则Keepalived将把这台服务器从服务器群中剔除。
Layer7:Layer7就是工作在具体的应用层了,比Layer3,Layer4要复杂一点,在网络上占用的带宽也要大一些。Keepalived将根据用户的设定检查服务器程序的运行是否正常,如果与用户的设定不相符,则Keepalived将把服务器从服务器群中剔除。
--引用百度百科
二、安装相关软件
WEB和LAMP搭建这里不做赘述;安装完成后可以测试是否正常访问。
测试两台机器正常访问。
为node1和node2各自安装keepalived和haproxy;为了简便;yum安装即可
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[root@node1 ~]
# rpm -q keepalived haproxy
keepalived
-
1.2
.
7
-
3.el6
.x86_64
haproxy
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1.4
.
24
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2.el6
.x86_64
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[root@node2 ~]
# rpm -q keepalived haproxy
keepalived
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1.2
.
7
-
3.el6
.x86_64
haproxy
-
1.4
.
24
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2.el6
.x86_64
[root@node2 ~]
#
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三、配置haproxy实现动静分离
这里在node1上演示;node2同样的配置:
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[root@node1 ~]
# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
#这里对应global段和default段不做任何修改;但是日志需要在global段开启;
#其余的全部注释;任何重新添加以下内容;
#具体含义上一篇以做解释;这里就不做详细介绍
frontend web
bind
*
:
80
acl url_static path_beg
-
i
/
static
/
images
/
javascript
/
stylesheets
acl url_static path_end
-
i .jpg .gif .png .css .js .html .htm
acl url_dynamic path_end
-
i .php
use_backend static
if
url_static
use_backend dynamic
if
url_dynamic
default_backend static
backend static
balance roundrobin
server node3
192.168
.
0.113
:
80
check
backend dynamic
balance roundrobin
server node4
192.168
.
0.114
:
80
check
listen stats
mode http
bind
*
:
1234
stats enable
stats refresh
3s
stats hide
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version
stats uri
/
admin?stats
stats realm HAProxy\ Statistics
stats auth admin:haproxy
stats admin
if
TRUE
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#复制一份到node2即可;各自启动haproxy
[root@node1 ~]
# scp /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg node2:/etc/haproxy/
haproxy.cfg
100
%
3896
3.8KB
/
s
00
:
00
[root@node1 ~]
#
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查看stats信息:
如后端有多台机器;则可以实现负载均衡;这里未做实例。
四、配置keepalived实现haproxy的高可用
同样在node1上配置;但是node2需要更改两个地方:
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[root@node1 ~]
# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration
File
for
keepalived
global_defs {
#全局配置
notification_email {
root@localhost
#接受邮件方
}
notification_email_from soul@localhost
#发件人
smtp_server
127.0
.
0.1
#邮件服务器
smtp_connect_timeout
30
#超时时长
router_id LVS_DEVEL
#ID;随意即可
}
vrrp_script chk_down {
#添加监控规则
script
"[[ -f /root/down ]] && exit 1 || exit 0"
#上面说明如果在/roo/下有down文件;就失败;转移到从上;否则正常
interval
1
#多久监控一次
weight
2
#权重
}
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
#监控haproxy服务的
script
"pidof haproxy &> /dev/null && exit 0 || exit 1"
interval
1
weight
2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
#添加一个实例
state MASTER
#定义主从 #注意node2从的上为BACKUP
interface eth0
#网络接口
virtual_router_id
222
#虚拟路由ID;根据该ID生成虚拟MAC;保证其唯一性
priority
100
#优先级别;BACKUP要低于MASTER
advert_int
1
#心跳广播间隔
authentication {
#认证
auth_type PASS
#明文认证
auth_pass
1111
#password
}
virtual_ipaddress {
#虚拟IP
192.168
.
0.222
}
track_script {
#脚本追踪;生效上述定义脚本
chk_down
chk_haproxy
}
notify_master
"/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"
#邮件通知
notify_backup
"/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"
notify_fault
"/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"
}
#更改以上信息;其余配置文件中的信息全部注释即可
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#复制一份到node2;根据上述描述进行更改
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提供haproxy脚本:
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[root@node1 ~]
# vim /etc/keepalived/notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Author: MageEdu <linuxedu@foxmail.com>
# description: An example of notify script
#
vip
=
192.168
.
0.222
contact
=
'root@localhost'
notify() {
#定义发送邮件格式等信息
mailsubject
=
"`hostname` to be $1: $vip floating"
mailbody
=
"`date '+%F %H:%M:%S'`: vrrp transition, `hostname` changed to be $1"
echo $mailbody | mail
-
s
"$mailsubject"
$contact
}
case
"$1"
in
master)
#根据参数进行执行对应命令
notify master
/
etc
/
rc.d
/
init.d
/
haproxy start
exit
0
;;
backup)
notify backup
/
etc
/
rc.d
/
init.d
/
haproxy stop
exit
0
;;
fault)
notify fault
/
etc
/
rc.d
/
init.d
/
haproxy stop
exit
0
;;
*
)
echo
'Usage: `basename $0` {master|backup|fault}'
exit
1
;;
esac
#完成后复制一份到node2即可
#启动keepalived即可
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五、测试haproxy的高可用
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[root@node1 ~]
# ip a
1
: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu
16436
qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link
/
loopback
00
:
00
:
00
:
00
:
00
:
00
brd
00
:
00
:
00
:
00
:
00
:
00
inet
127.0
.
0.1
/
8
scope host lo
inet6 ::
1
/
128
scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2
: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu
1500
qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen
1000
link
/
ether
00
:
0c
:
29
:
5e
:
1e
:
4f
brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet
192.168
.
0.111
/
16
brd
192.168
.
255.255
scope
global
eth0
inet
192.168
.
0.222
/
32
scope
global
eth0
inet6 fe80::
20c
:
29ff
:fe5e:
1e4f
/
64
scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
#查看虚拟IP目前在node1上;
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测试访问正常;下面down掉node1看下;
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#由于配置文件定义了一个down的脚本;直接建立文件即可
[root@node1 ~]
# touch down
[root@node1 ~]
# ip a
1
: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu
16436
qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link
/
loopback
00
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brd
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inet
127.0
.
0.1
/
8
scope host lo
inet6 ::
1
/
128
scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2
: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu
1500
qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen
1000
link
/
ether
00
:
0c
:
29
:
5e
:
1e
:
4f
brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet
192.168
.
0.111
/
16
brd
192.168
.
255.255
scope
global
eth0
inet6 fe80::
20c
:
29ff
:fe5e:
1e4f
/
64
scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
You have new mail
in
/
var
/
spool
/
mail
/
root
#这里也提示有邮件信息
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[root@node2 ~]
# ip a
1
: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu
16436
qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link
/
loopback
00
:
00
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00
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brd
00
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00
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00
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00
:
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inet
127.0
.
0.1
/
8
scope host lo
inet6 ::
1
/
128
scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2
: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu
1500
qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen
1000
link
/
ether
00
:
0c
:
29
:df:
70
:b6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet
192.168
.
0.112
/
16
brd
192.168
.
255.255
scope
global
eth0
inet
192.168
.
0.222
/
32
scope
global
eth0
#测试已转移到node2上
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同时测试页面也是正常的。
测试haproxy脚本是否能够执行
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[root@node1 ~]
# service haproxy stop
Stopping haproxy: [ OK ]
[root@node1 ~]
# ip a
1
: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu
16436
qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link
/
loopback
00
:
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brd
00
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inet
127.0
.
0.1
/
8
scope host lo
inet6 ::
1
/
128
scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2
: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu
1500
qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen
1000
link
/
ether
00
:
0c
:
29
:
5e
:
1e
:
4f
brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet
192.168
.
0.111
/
16
brd
192.168
.
255.255
scope
global
eth0
inet6 fe80::
20c
:
29ff
:fe5e:
1e4f
/
64
scope link
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[root@node2 ~]
# ip a
1
: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu
16436
qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link
/
loopback
00
:
00
:
00
:
00
:
00
:
00
brd
00
:
00
:
00
:
00
:
00
:
00
inet
127.0
.
0.1
/
8
scope host lo
inet6 ::
1
/
128
scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2
: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu
1500
qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen
1000
link
/
ether
00
:
0c
:
29
:df:
70
:b6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet
192.168
.
0.112
/
16
brd
192.168
.
255.255
scope
global
eth0
inet
192.168
.
0.222
/
32
scope
global
eth0
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[root@node1 ~]
# tail -5 /var/log/messages
May
2
18
:
25
:
10
node1 Keepalived_vrrp[
5331
]: VRRP_Script(chk_haproxy) failed
May
2
18
:
25
:
10
node1 Keepalived_vrrp[
5331
]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert
May
2
18
:
25
:
10
node1 Keepalived_vrrp[
5331
]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
May
2
18
:
25
:
10
node1 Keepalived_vrrp[
5331
]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
May
2
18
:
25
:
10
node1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[
5330
]: Netlink reflector reports IP
192.168
.
0.222
removed
#可以查看系统日志也记录详细信息
#测试启动haproxy后;虚拟IP会自动转回。
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到此;HAProxy+KeepAlived配置以全部完成;相关功能也都已测试成功。