ZIP文件格式是一种常见的存档和压缩标准，这个zipfile模块提供了工具来创建、读取、写入、附加和列出一个ZIP文件。使用ZIP64扩展（即压缩文件大小超过4G），它能解压加密的ZIP文件，解密过程很慢。
1、测试是否为ZIP文件
is_zipfile()函数会返回一个布尔值来表示是否为ZIP文件，代码如下：
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#!/usr/bin/python
import
zipfile
for
filename
in
[
'print_name.py'
,
'python.zip'
,
'uwsgi'
,
'admin'
]:
print
'%20s %s'
%
(filename, zipfile.is_zipfile(filename))
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如果文件不存在或者不是ZIP文件会返回False。
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[root@www home]
# python zipfile_is_zipfile.py
print_name.py
False
python.
zip
True
uwsgi
False
admin
False
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2、读取ZIP文件的内容
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#!/usr/bin/env python
import
zipfile
zf
=
zipfile.ZipFile(
'python.zip'
,
'r'
)
print
zf.namelist()
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使用namelist() 函数，返回结果是一个列表
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[root@www home]# python zipfile_namelist.py
[
'test.txt'
]
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#这只能查看ZIP文件的部分内容，使用infolist() 或者 getinfo() 可以从ZIP文件中获取更多信息，代码如下：
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import
datetime
import
zipfile
def
print_info(archive_name):
zf
=
zipfile.ZipFile(archive_name)
for
info
in
zf.infolist():
print
info.filename
print
'\tComment:\t'
, info.comment
print
'\tModified:\t'
, datetime.datetime(
*
info.date_time)
print
'\tSystem:\t\t'
, info.create_system,
'(0 = Windows, 3 = Unix)'
print
'\tZIP version:\t'
, info.create_version
print
'\tCompressed:\t'
, info.compress_size,
'bytes'
print
'\tUncompressed:\t'
, info.file_size,
'bytes'
print
if
__name__
=
=
'__main__'
:
print_info(
'python.zip'
)
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执行上面代码显示如下结果：
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[root@www home]
# python zipfile_infolist.py
test.txt
Comment:
Modified:
2013
-
09
-
06
20
:
09
:
58
System:
3
(
0
=
Windows,
3
=
Unix)
ZIP
version:
20
Compressed:
419430400
bytes
Uncompressed:
419430400
bytes
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使用getinfo()函数可以在ZIP文件内查找内容，代码如下：
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#!/usr/bin/env python
import
zipfile
zf
=
zipfile.ZipFile(
'python.zip'
)
for
filename
in
[
'test.txt'
,
'notthere.txt'
]:
try
:
info
=
zf.getinfo(filename)
except
KeyError:
print
'ERROR: Did not find %s in zip file'
%
filename
else
:
print
"%s is %d bytes"
%
(info.filename, info.file_size)
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如果需要查找的不存在ZIP文档里，会返回一个KeyError错误。
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[root@www home]
# python zipfile_getinfo.py
test.txt
is
419430400
bytes
ERROR: Did
not
find notthere.txt
in
zip
file
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3、从一个ZIP文档中提取文件
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#!/usr/bin/env python
import
zipfile
zf
=
zipfile.ZipFile(
'python.zip'
)
for
filename
in
[
'test.txt'
,
'notihere.txt'
]:
try
:
data
=
zf.read(filename)
except
KeyError:
print
'ERROR: Did not find %s in zip file'
%
filename
else
:
print
filename,
':'
print
repr
(data)
print
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要提取的文件会被自动解压：
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[root@www home]# python zipfile_read.py
README.txt :
'The examples for the zipfile module use this file and example.zip as data.\n'
ERROR: Did not find notthere.txt in zip file
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4、创建一个新的ZIP文件
创建新的ZIP归档文件代码如下：
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#!/usr/bin/env python
from
zipfile_infolist
import
print_info
import
zipfile
print
'creating archive'
zf
=
zipfile.ZipFile(
'zipfile_write.zip'
,
'w'
)
try
:
print
'adding text.txt'
zf.write(
'text.txt'
)
finally
:
print
'closing'
zf.close()
print
print_info(
'zipfile_write.zip'
)
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默认情况下不会对文件进行压缩：
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[root@www home]
# python zipfile_write.py
creating archive
adding text.txt
closing
text.txt
Comment:
Modified:
2013
-
09
-
06
20
:
39
:
52
System:
3
(
0
=
Windows,
3
=
Unix)
ZIP
version:
20
Compressed:
104857600
bytes
Uncompressed:
104857600
bytes
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如果要对文件进行压缩，zlib模块是必须的，如果zlib可以使用，你可以使用zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED设置压缩模式为单个文件或者归档一个整体。默认的压缩模式是zipfile.ZIP_STORED。
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#!/usr/bin/env python
from
zipfile_infolist
import
print_info
import
zipfile
try
:
import
zlib
compression
=
zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED
except
:
compression
=
zipfile.ZIP_STORED
modes
=
{ zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED:
'deflated'
,
zipfile.ZIP_STORED:
'stored'
,
}
print
'creating archive'
zf
=
zipfile.ZipFile(
'zipfile_write_compression.zip'
, mode
=
'w'
)
try
:
print
'adding text.txt with compression mode'
, modes[compression]
zf.write(
'text.txt'
, compress_type
=
compression)
finally
:
print
'closing'
zf.close()
print
print_info(
'zipfile_write_compression.zip'
)
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这次文件被压缩：
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[root@www home]
# python zipfile_write_compression.py
creating archive
adding text.txt with compression mode deflated
closing
text.txt
Comment:
Modified:
2013
-
09
-
06
20
:
39
:
52
System:
3
(
0
=
Windows,
3
=
Unix)
ZIP
version:
20
Compressed:
101923
bytes
Uncompressed:
104857600
bytes
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替换原始文件名：
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#!/usr/bin/env python
from
zipfile_infolist
import
print_info
import
zipfile
zf
=
zipfile.ZipFile(
'zipfile_write_arcname.zip'
, mode
=
'w'
)
try
:
zf.write(
'text.txt'
, arcname
=
'NOT_README.txt'
)
finally
:
zf.close()
print_info(
'zipfile_write_arcname.zip'
)
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结果显示原始文件名已经被替换了：
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[root@www home]
# python zipfile_write_arcname.py
NOT_README.txt
Comment:
Modified:
2013
-
09
-
06
20
:
39
:
52
System:
3
(
0
=
Windows,
3
=
Unix)
ZIP
version:
20
Compressed:
104857600
bytes
Uncompressed:
104857600
bytes
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本文转自1594cqb 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/wolfchen/1290229，如需转载请自行联系原作者
