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基于Jenkins 实现php项目的自动化测试、自动打包和自动部署

2017-11-22 2247
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简介：

本篇博文宅鸟将在上篇: 基于Jenkins 搭建持续集成环境 的基础上，继续介绍Jenkins结合php项目实现自动化测试和自动部署。废话不再多说，直接上干活。

   宅鸟所使用的server为Ubuntu

   要实现在jenkins中实现php的自动化测试，首先需要Jenkins服务器上安装php测试框架，php的测试框架很多，在这里我们选择 PHPUnit Framework.

PHPUnit的安装很简单:

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sudo  apt-get  install  phpunit

如果出现如下错误:

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PHP Warning: require_once(PHP /CodeCoverage/Filter .php): failed to  open  stream: No such  file  or directory  in  /usr/bin/phpunit  on line 39
PHP Fatal error: require_once(): Failed opening required  'PHP/CodeCoverage/Filter.php'  (include_path= '.:/usr/share/php:/usr/share/pear' )  in  /usr/bin/phpunit  on line 39


可以通过下面方法安装:

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sudo  pear channel-discover pear.phpunit.de
sudo  pear channel-discover pear.symfony-project.com
sudo  pear channel-discover components.ez.no
sudo  pear channel-discover pear.symfony.com
sudo  pear update-channels
sudo  pear upgrade-all
sudo  pear  install  pear.symfony.com /Yaml
sudo  pear  install  --alldeps phpunit /PHPUnit
sudo  pear  install  --force --alldeps phpunit /PHPUnit


安装后执行phpunit --version 返回版本信息。表示安装成功。

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root@dop-kvm-2: # phpunit --version
PHPUnit 3.7.28 by Sebastian Bergmann.



下面我们开始给Jenkins一些插件:

Subversion/Git:用于集成项目版本控制软件，根据需要选择（在上篇博文已安装使用）

Phing/Ant:使用Phing或Apache Ant 对PHP项目做自动化构建

CheckStyle:使用PHP CodeSniffer进行代码风格检查的工具。用于检查PHP代码是否有违反一组预先设置好的编码标准的一个PEAR包，内置了ZEND,PEAR的编码风格规则

Clover PHP:使用phpunit进行单元测试的工具，可以被xdebug扩展用来生成代码覆盖率报告，并且可以与phing集成来自动测试，还可以和Selenium整合来完成大型自动化集成测试

DRY:使用PHPCPD(php copy paste detector)来发现项目中的重复代码

HTML Publisher:用来发布phpunit代码覆盖率报告

JDepend:使用PHP Depend分析php中静态代码，用来检查项目中的代码规模和复杂程度

Plot:使用phploc来统计php项目规模大小的工具，可以统计php的项目代码行数

PMD:使用phpmd(php mess dector),对基于pdepend的结果进行分析，一旦项目超过了pdepend中各具体指标的规定，将发出警告信息.

Violations：按照代码缺陷严重性集中显示pwd静态代码分析的结果

xUnit:使用JUnit的格式来输出phpunit的日志文件


注意这些插件是jenkins为php项目所提供的一些插件,但并不是必须的，所以宅鸟只把最值得大家关注的怎么自动化测试、打包和发布来给大家讲解。

先给出项目的目录结构:

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root@dop-kvm-2: /home/jenkins/api # tree
.
├── aa.php
├── build.xml
├── create.php
└──  test
     ├── DemoTest.php
     └── FunctionTest.php
1 directory, 5 files


注意：

aa.php、create.php是项目的程序文件

test目录下的DemoTest.php和FunxtionTest.php是项目的测试文件

build.xml是jenkins持续集成测试打包部署的调用文件


首先给出项目需要的build.xml文件:

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<? xml  version = "1.0"  encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< project  name = "api"  default = "build" >
         < target  name = "build"  depends = "make_runtime,phpcs-ci,phploc,pdepend,phpcb,phpunit,phpdox,phpcpd" />
         < property  name = "version-m"   value = "1.1"  />
         < property  name = "version"     value = "1.1.0"  />
         < property  name = "stability"   value = "stable"  />
         < property  name = "releasenotes"  value = ""  />
         < property  name = "tarfile"      value = "${phing.project.name}.${buildnumber}.${buildid}.tar.gz"  />
         < property  name = "pkgfile"      value = "${phing.project.name}.${version}.tgz"  />
         < property  name = "distfile"     value = "dist/${tarfile}"  />
         < property  name = "tests.dir"  value = "test"  />
         < fileset  id = "api.tar.gz"  dir = "." >
             < include  name = "test/**" />
             < include  name = "*.php" />
             < include  name = "*.xml" />
         </ fileset >
         < target  name = "make_runtime" >
                 < mkdir  dir = "${project.basedir}/Runtime"  />
                 < mkdir  dir = "${project.basedir}/build/logs"  />
                 < mkdir  dir = "${project.basedir}/build/pdepend"  />
                 < mkdir  dir = "${project.basedir}/build/code-browser"  />
         </ target >
         < target  name = "phpcs"  description = "Find coding standard violations using PHP_CodeSniffer" >
                 < exec  executable = "phpcs" >
                         < arg  value = "--standard=${project.basedir}/build/phpcs.xml"  />
                         < arg  value = "--ignore=autoload.php"  />
                         < arg  path = "${project.basedir}/"  />
                 </ exec >
         </ target >
         < target  name = "phpcs-ci"  description = "Find coding standard violations using PHP_CodeSniffer" >
                 < exec  executable = "phpcs"  output = "${project.basedir}/build/build.log" >
                         < arg  value = "--report=checkstyle"  />
                         < arg  value = "--report-file=${project.basedir}/build/logs/checkstyle.xml"  />
                         < arg  value = "--standard=${project.basedir}/build/phpcs.xml"  />
                         < arg  value = "--ignore="  />
                         < arg  path = "${project.basedir}/"  />
                 </ exec >
         </ target >
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
         < target  name = "phploc"  description = "Measure project size using PHPLOC" >
                 < exec  executable = "phploc" >
                         < arg  value = "--log-csv"  />
                         < arg  value = "${project.basedir}/build/logs/phploc.csv" />
                         < arg  path = "${project.basedir}/" />
                 </ exec >
         </ target >
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
         < target  name = "pdepend"  description = "Calculate software metrics using PHP_Depend" >
                 < exec  executable = "pdepend" >
                         < arg  value = "--jdepend-xml=${project.basedir}/build/logs/jdepend.xml" />
                         < arg  value = "--jdepend-chart=${project.basedir}/build/pdepend/dependencies.svg" />
                         < arg  value = "--overview-pyramid=${project.basedir}/build/pdepend/overview-pyramid.svg" />
                         < arg  path = "${project.basedir}/" />
                 </ exec >
         </ target >
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
         < target  name = "phpmd"  description = "Perform project mess detection using PHPMD" >
                 < exec  executable = "phpmd" >
                         < arg  path = "${project.basedir}/" />
                         < arg  value = "text" />
                         < arg  value = "${project.basedir}/build/phpmd.xml" />
                 </ exec >
         </ target >
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
         < target  name = "phpmd-ci"  description = "Perform project mess detection using PHPMD" >
                 < exec  executable = "phpmd" >
                         < arg  path = "${project.basedir}/" />
                         < arg  value = "xml" />
                         < arg  value = "${project.basedir}/build/phpmd.xml" />
                         < arg  value = "--reportfile" />
                         < arg  value = "${project.basedir}/build/logs/pmd.xml" />
                 </ exec >
         </ target >
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
         < target  name = "phpcpd"  description = "Find duplicate code using PHPCPD" >
                 < exec  executable = "phpcpd" >
                         < arg  value = "--log-pmd" />
                         < arg  value = "${project.basedir}/build/logs/pmd-cpd.xml" />
                         < arg  path = "${project.basedir}/" />
                 </ exec >
         </ target >
         < target  name = "phpdox"  description = "Generate API documentation using phpDox" >
                 < exec  executable = "phpdox" />
         </ target >
         < target  name = "phpunit"  description = "Run unit tests with PHPUnit" >
                 < exec  executable = "phpunit"  />
         </ target >
         < target  name = "test"  description = "Run PHPUnit tests" >
             < phpunit  haltonerror = "true"  haltonfailure = "true"  printsummary = "true" >
             < batchtest >
             < fileset  dir = "${tests.dir}" >
                 < include  name = "**/*Test.php"  />
             </ fileset >
             </ batchtest >
             </ phpunit >
         </ target >
         < target  name = "phpcb"  description = "Aggregate tool output with PHP_CodeBrowser" >
                 < exec  executable = "phpcb" >
                         < arg  value = "--log" />
                         < arg  path = "${project.basedir}/build/logs" />
                         < arg  value = "--source" />
                         < arg  path = "${project.basedir}/" />
                         < arg  value = "--output" />
                         < arg  path = "${project.basedir}/build/code-browser" />
                 </ exec >
         </ target >
         < target  name = "check"  description = "Check variables"  >
             < fail  unless = "version"  message = "Version not defined!"  />
             < fail  unless = "buildnumber"  message = "buildnumber not defined!"  />
             < fail  unless = "buildid"  message = "buildid not defined!"  />
             < delete  dir = "dist"  failonerror = "false"  />
             < mkdir  dir = "dist"  />
         </ target >
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
         < target  name = "tar"  depends = "check"  description = "Create tar file for release" >
             < echo  msg = "Creating distribution tar for ${phing.project.name} ${version}" />
             < delete  file = "${distfile}"  failonerror = "false" />
             < tar  destfile = "${distfile}"  compression = "gzip" >
                 < fileset  refid = "api.tar.gz" />
             </ tar >
         </ target >
</ project >


阅读build.xml后，大家可以了解一下内容:


 项目名称、版本、打后的包名称：

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< project  name = "api"  default = "build" >
         < target  name = "build"  depends = "make_runtime,phpcs-ci,phploc,pdepend,phpcb,phpunit,phpdox,phpcpd" />
         < property  name = "version-m"   value = "1.1"  />
         < property  name = "version"     value = "1.1.0"  />
         < property  name = "stability"   value = "stable"  />
         < property  name = "releasenotes"  value = ""  />
         < property  name = "tarfile"      value = "${phing.project.name}.${buildnumber}.${buildid}.tar.gz"  />
         < property  name = "pkgfile"      value = "${phing.project.name}.${version}.tgz"  />
         < property  name = "distfile"     value = "dist/${tarfile}"  />
         < property  name = "tests.dir"  value = "test"  />



打包时包括的文件和文件夹:这里还可以使用exclude排除文件和文件夹：

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< fileset  id = "api.tar.gz"  dir = "." >
            < include  name = "test/**" />
            < include  name = "*.php" />
            < include  name = "*.xml" />
        </ fileset >



测试文件所在地址：

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< target  name = "phpunit"  description = "Run unit tests with PHPUnit" >
                 < exec  executable = "phpunit"  />
         </ target >
         < target  name = "test"  description = "Run PHPUnit tests" >
             < phpunit  haltonerror = "true"  haltonfailure = "true"  printsummary = "true" >
             < batchtest >
             < fileset  dir = "${tests.dir}" >
                 < include  name = "**/*Test.php"  />
             </ fileset >
             </ batchtest >
             </ phpunit >
         </ target >


了解这些后，我们开始在jenkins中新建autoTestTarAndPublish项目，选择:构建一个自由风格的软件项目：

并且指定好代码库:如图所示

172124575.jpg


然后再 增加构建步骤->Invoke Phing targets:

增加两个 target: test,tar 分别与build.xml中的test,tar名称相对应

172650946.jpg


给tar加上参数:

172622637.jpg



然后在左边主菜单: 系统管理->系统设置->Publish over SSH 下添加主机:（这里宅鸟设置使用ssh免密码登陆）需要设置成从jenkins到要发布的web服务器的无密码登陆

如图设置:

175130605.jpg

这里添加设置的主机名是:134


接下来我们就可以设置部署工作了:

在添加构建步骤下来表中选择：Send files or execute commands over SSh,如果该选项未出现需要在插件管理中安装插件：Publish Over SSH 然后重启jenkins即可.


174009766.jpg


然后在出现的SSH Publishers中选择要发布的主机：

并填写打包文件地址，发布到远程server地址信息，并在Exec command文本框中填写解压等shell脚本:

详情见图:

175817788.jpg

此项设置完毕后，就可以发布php项目到134服务器上了:


最后文件发布包的存档工作：


增加构建后操作步骤：

180033526.jpg

填写dist/*.tar.gz

180210215.jpg


至此配置完毕后，点击 保存 按钮.我们就可以发布程序到指定服务器134上了.


来看一下发布结果:

回到项目左侧点击：立即构建:可以看到构建进度条，结束后可以在控制台看到输出结果:

085434850.jpg


我们来到134上看：

180805428.jpg

至此发布完毕.


此时我们查看一下test/DemoTest.php文件内容：

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<?php
class  DemoTest  extends  PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {
   public  function  testPass() {
       $this ->assertTrue(true);
     }
   public  function  testFail() {
       $this ->assertFalse(false);
     }
}
?>


我们把 testFail()改成下面：

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<?php
class  DemoTest  extends  PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {
   public  function  testPass() {
       $this ->assertTrue(true);
     }
   public  function  testFail() {
      $this ->assertTrue(false);
     }
}
?>

$this->assertTrue(false);

这个是错误的断定:

提交文件后再次构建:

我们可以看到本次构建失败，查看输出结果如下：

181704835.jpg


当把测试用例修改回正确后，执行构建，发布正确。


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<?php
class  DemoTest  extends  PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {
   public  function  testPass() {
       $this ->assertTrue(true);
     }
   public  function  testFail() {
       $this ->assertFalse(false);
     }
}
?>


182504533.jpg

ok，到此介绍结束.

总结一下：

jenkins根据项目根目录下的build.xml文件，并根据jenkins中targets的配置，首先自动执行test，当测试通过后，开始执行tar，打包完成后，开始链接远程webserver把程序包上传到远程webserver指定目录下，然后再根据jenkins下的command 执行解压操作,然后就可以根据自己的业务通过shell脚本进行自动处理自动发布的各项操作.


如果在执行test过程中，出现发现测试用例不通过，则就发出错误报告，终止本次构建。


本文转自birdinroom 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/birdinroom/1346812，如需转载请自行联系原作者

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