一 安装nginx fastcgi 简介
1 nginx是一个个高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器，并且nginx 占用的系统资源更少
2 xcache 是一个开源的opcode 缓存器/优化器，能提高服务器上的php 性能，xcache 通过把编译PHP后的数据缓冲到共享内存从而避免重复编译过程，能够直接使用
缓冲区已编译的代码从而提高速度，降低服务器的负载.
3 gperftools 是google 开发的一款优秀的LinuxC/C++ 程序的性能剖析及优化工具，他提供了将目标程序运行时所消耗的CPU 时间片进行剖析和图形输出剖析结果的功能。
gperftools 包含四个工具，
分别是：TCMalloc,heap-checker,heap-profiler和cpu-profiler,TCMalloc是gperftools其中一个工具，由于优化C++写的多线程应用，与标准的glibc库的malloc 相比，
TCMalloc 自啊内存的分配效率和速度要高， 可以在高并发的情况下很好的控制内存的使用，提供服务器的性能，降低负载.
4 所需软件
libunwind-1.0.1.tar.gz
gperftools-2.0.tar.gz
pcre-8.31.tar.gz
nginx-1.2.5.tar.gz
#nginx 第三方模块，开启nginx etag，默认情况下nginx 是没有该模块的
nginx-static-etags-master.zip
php-5.3.19.tar.gz
xcache-3.0.0.tar.gz
mysql-5.0.91.tar.gz
二 libunwind 安装配置
#tar -zxvf libunwind-1.0.1.tar.gz
#cd libunwind-1.0.1/
#CFLAGS=-fPIC ./configure
#make CFLAGS=-fPIC
#make CFLAGS=-fPIC install
注：libunwind 库为基于64位CPU和操作系统的程序提供了基本的堆栈辗转开解功能，其中包括用于输出堆栈跟踪的API、
用于以编程方式辗转开解堆栈的API以及支持C++异常处理机制的API
三 gperftools安装配置
1 #tar xf gperftools-2.0.tar.gz
#cd gperftools-2.0
#./configure --enable-frame-pointers
#make && make install
注：如果是32位系统,可以不添加 –enable-frame-pointers，如果是64位系统，并且之前没有安装libunwind，
那么一定要添加 –enable-frame-pointers 参数
四 pcre 安装
#tar xf pcre-8.31.tar.gz #cd pcre-8.31 #./configure && make && make install
五 nginx 安装配置
1 #tar xf nginx-1.2.5.tar.gz
#cd nginx-1.2.5
# useradd -s /sbin/noloin nginx
#./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module
--with-http_ssl_module --with-google_perftools_module --with-pcre --without-mail_pop3_module
--without-mail_imap_module --without-mail_smtp_module --with-http_gzip_static_module
--add-module=../nginx-static-etags-master
#make && make install
2 nginx 配置优化
#vim nginx.conf
user nginx nginx ;
worker_processes 12;
error_log logs/error.log notice;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
#使用google_perftools优化nginx 内存使用
google_perftools_profiles /tmp/tcmalloc;
worker_cpu_affinity 000000000001 000000000010 0000000000100 000000001000 000000010000 000000100000 000001000000 000010000000 000100000000 001000000000 010000000000 100000000000;
worker_rlimit_nofile 819200;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 8000;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#定义nginx 日志格式
log_format main '$remote_addr $host $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main;
#charst
charset UTF-8;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 2k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 128k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
server_tokens off;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 120;
#gzip on;
gzip on;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 3;
gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml text/javascript application/x-javascript charset=utf-8 application/x-java-archive application/xml image/gif image/png image/jpeg image/tiff image/x-ms-bmp application/x-shockwave-flash ;
gzip_vary on;
#fastcgi set
#设置连接后端fastcgi 超时时间
fastcgi_connect_timeout 180;
#设置FastCGI传送请求的超时时间
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
#设置 接收FastCGI应答的超时时间
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
#设置于指定读取FastCGI应答第一部分需要多大的缓冲区，这个值表示将使用1个64KB的缓冲区读取应答的第一部分（应答头）
# ，可以设置为fastcgi_buffers选项指定的缓冲区大小。
fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
#指定本地需要用多少和多大的缓冲区来缓冲FastCGI的应答请求。如果一个PHP脚本所产生的页面大小为256KB，
#那么会为其分配4个64KB的缓冲区来缓存；如果页面大小大于256KB，那么大于256KB的部分会缓存到fastcgi_temp
指定的路径中，但是这并不是好方法，因为内存中的数据处理速度要快于硬盘。
一般这个值应该为站点中PHP脚本所产生的页面大小的中间值，如果站点大部分脚本所产生的页面大小为256KB，
那么可以把这个值设置为“16 16k”、“4 64k”等。
fastcgi_buffers 4 256k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
#表示在写入缓存文件时使用多大的数据块，默认值是fastcgi_buffers的两倍
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_ignore_client_abort on ;
server {
listen 80;
server_name ad.frank.com.cn;
#设置只允许访问域名，非域名返回403错误
if ($host !~ 'ad.frank.com.cn') {
return 403;
}
index index.php index.html index.htm ;
root /usr/local/nginx/html;
#charset koi8-r;
charset UTF-8;
#设置允许访问openx 管理后台的IP 地址
location ^~ /www/admin/ {
allow 192.168.1.0/24;
allow 127.0.0.1;
deny all;
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
#设置查看Xcache 状态及允许访问的IP 地址
#set Xcache status
location ^~ /xcache/ {
allow 192.168.1.0/24;
deny all;
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
#设置php-fpm 的状态页面及允许访问的IP
#set php-fpm status
location ^~ /(status)$ {
allow 192.168.1.0/24;
deny all;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
}
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /usr/local/nginx/html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
#定义nginx 40X 错误页面
error_page 400 = http://img.frank.com.cn/error.html;
error_page 403 = http://img.frank.com.cn/error.html;
error_page 404 = http://img.frank.com.cn/error.html;
#定义 nginx 50X 错误页面
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
error_page 500 = http://img.frank.com.cn/error.html;
error_page 501 = http://img.frank.com.cn/error.html;
error_page 502 = http://img.frank.com.cn/error.html;
error_page 503 = http://img.frank.com.cn/error.html;
#设置吧php 代理到 php-fpm
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
root html;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
}
#设置在浏览器中缓存的文件类型及时间
location ~.*\.(jpg|js|css|png|bmp|jpeg|gif|swf)$
{
#设置防盗链，非允许的域名，返回404错误
valid_referers none blocked *.frank.com.cn;
if ($invalid_referer) {
return 404;
}
root html;
expires 360d;
#开启nginx etag 标签
FileETag on;
etag_format "%X%X";
}
#设置产看nginx 运行状态及允许访问的IP 地址
#Nginx status
location ~^/NginxStatus {
allow 192.168.1.0/24;
deny all;
stub_status on;
access_log off;
if ( -d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2 permanent;
}
}
}
}
3 配置nginx service启动脚本，并添加开启自动启动
#vim /etc/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemin
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# pidfile: /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
#chmod 700 /etc/init.d/nginx
#chkconfig --add nginx
#chkconfig nginx on
4 nginx 日志切割,并把其添加到crontable 中让其每天零点零分运行
#cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
#vim cut.nginx.log.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
##
logs_path="/usr/local/nginx/logs/"
if [ ! -d "$logs_path$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")" ]
then
mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")
fi
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
cd ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")
gzip -9 access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
六 mysql 安装配置
1 创建mysql 用户 #groupadd mysql
#useradd -g mysql mysql
2 编译安装mysql #tar zxvf mysql-5.0.91.tar.gz #cd mysql-5.0.91 #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql --with-plugins=innobase --with-mysqld-user=mysql --without-debug --with-big-tables --with-charset=utf8 --with-extra-charsets=all --with-pthread --enable-static --enable-thread-safe-client --with-unix-socket-path=/var/lib /mysql/mysql.sock #make&&make install 3 初始化mysql #cd /usr/local/mysql #bin/mysql_install_db –user=mysql #chown –R root:mysql . #chown –R mysql /var/lib/mysql #cp share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf #cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #chkconfig –add mysqld #chkconfig mysqld on 4 优化mysql 配置，再次省略了
七 libmcrypt 安装配置
#tar xf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt #make && make install
八 libiconv 安装配置
#tar xf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz #cd libiconv-1.14 #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv #make && make install
九 php 安装配置
1 #tar xf php-5.3.19.tar.gz
#cd php-5.3.19
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir
--with-zlib --with-libxml-dir --enable-xml --disable-debug --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring
--with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-curl --with-curlwrappers
--enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --with-mhash --with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt/
--with-mysqli=/usr/bin/mysql_config --with-mysql --enable-zend-multibyte
--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/libiconv/
#make && make install
2 #cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
3 配置service启动php-fpm 的脚本
#cd sapi/fpm
#cp init.d.php-fpm.in /etc/init.d/php-fpm
#chmod 700 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
#chkconfig --add php-fpm
#chkconfig php-fpm on
4 开启php 的短标签，并修改php 的时区
#vim php.ini
#开启php 短标签
short_open_tag = On
#设置php时区
date.timezone = Asia/Hong_Kong
5 优化php-fpm
#cd /usr/local/php/etc
#cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
修改下面的参数， 并取消注释
#php-fpm进程文件
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
#设定php-fpm日志级别
log_level =notice
#设定php-fpm 子进程最大数目
process.max = 300
#设定 master process 打开的文件数目
rlimit_files = 819200
#指定fpm mechanism event 方式
events.mechanism = epoll
#指定php-fpm 运行的用户
user = nginx
group = nginx
#指定php-fpm 监听的端口
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
#指定 php-fpm 监听的队列长度，默认情况下是不限制的
listen.backlog = 2048
#设定允许访问PHP-fpm 的IP 地址
listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
#指定php-fpm 的运行方式，分为static 和dynamic两种
pm = dynamic
# 设定最大的子进程
pm.max_children = 300
#设定php-fpm启动是，开启的子进程数目
pm.start_servers = 65
#设定php-fpm 最小空闲进程数目
pm.min_spare_servers = 50
#设定php-fpm，最大空闲进程数目
pm.max_spare_servers = 80
#设定每个子进程处理的请求数
pm.max_requests = 1000
#设定查看php-fpm运行状态
pm.status_path = /status
ping.path = /ping
ping.response = pong
#设定响应超时时间
request_slowlog_timeout = 30(s)
# 设定slow request 日志文件
slowlog = /usr/local/php/var/log/$pool.slow.log
十 xcache 安装配置
1 #tar xf xcache-3.0.0.tar.gz
#cd xcache-3.0.0
#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize --clean
#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
#./configure --enable-xcache --enable-xcache-optimizer
--with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
#make && make install
2 在php配置文件尾部添加xcache 的配置文件，内容如下
;;Xcache
;; this is an example, it won't work unless properly configured into php.ini
;[xcache-common]
;;; non-Windows example:
# 加载xcache.so模块路径
extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/xcache.so
;;; Windows example:
;; extension = php_xcache.dll
;
;[xcache.admin]
#设置xcache 管理界面（在此用户名和密码都是frank, 在此处设置的密码为md5 加密后的密码,md5为php计算出来的)
xcache.admin.enable_auth = On
xcache.admin.user = "frank"
;; set xcache.admin.pass = md5($your_password)
;; login use $your_password
xcache.admin.pass = "712e5d9c46784262937bc4b2215c3beb"
;
;[xcache]
;; ini only settings, all the values here is default unless explained
;
;; select low level shm/allocator scheme implemenation
xcache.shm_scheme = "mmap"
;; to disable: xcache.size=0
;; to enable : xcache.size=64M etc (any size > 0) and your system mmap allows
xcache.size = 64M
;; set to cpu count (cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep -c processor)
xcache.count = 12
;; just a hash hints, you can always store count(items) > slots
xcache.slots = 4K
;; ttl of the cache item, 0=forever
xcache.ttl = 0
;; interval of gc scanning expired items, 0=no scan, other values is in seconds
xcache.gc_interval = 0
;
;; same as aboves but for variable cache
xcache.var_size = 4M
xcache.var_count = 12
xcache.var_slots = 4K
;; default value for $ttl parameter of xcache_*() functions
xcache.var_ttl = 0
;; hard limit ttl that cannot be exceed by xcache_*() functions. 0=unlimited
xcache.var_maxttl = 0
xcache.var_gc_interval = 300
;
;; mode:0, const string specified by xcache.var_namespace
;; mode:1, $_SERVER[xcache.var_namespace]
;; mode:2, uid or gid (specified by xcache.var_namespace)
;xcache.var_namespace_mode = 0
;xcache.var_namespace = ""
;
;; N/A for /dev/zero
;xcache.readonly_protection = Off
;; for *nix, xcache.mmap_path is a file path, not directory. (auto create/overwrite)
;; Use something like "/tmp/xcache" instead of "/dev/*" if you want to turn on ReadonlyProtection
;; different process group of php won't share the same /tmp/xcache
;; for win32, xcache.mmap_path=anonymous map name, not file path
xcache.mmap_path = "/dev/zero"
;
;
;; leave it blank(disabled) or "/tmp/phpcore/"
;; make sure it's writable by php (open_basedir is not checked)
;xcache.coredump_directory = ""
;; disable cache after crash
;xcache.disable_on_crash = Off
;
;; enable experimental documented features for each release if available
;xcache.experimental = Off
;
;; per request settings. can ini_set, .htaccess etc
xcache.cacher = On
xcache.stat = On
;xcache.optimizer = Off
;
;[xcache.coverager]
;; enabling this feature will impact performance
;; enabled only if xcache.coverager == On && xcache.coveragedump_directory == "non-empty-value"
;
;; per request settings. can ini_set, .htaccess etc
;; enable coverage data collecting and xcache_coverager_start/stop/get/clean() functions
;xcache.coverager = Off
;xcache.coverager_autostart = On
;
;; set in php ini file only
;; make sure it's readable (open_basedir is checked) by coverage viewer script
;xcache.coveragedump_directory = ""
3 重启php-fpm
#service php-fpm stop
#service php-fpm start
本文转自 freehat08 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/freehat/1177298，如需转载请自行联系原作者
