WIFI就是一种无线联网技术,常见的是使用无线路由器。那么在这个无线路由器的信号覆盖的范围内都可以采用WIFI连接的方式进行联网。如果无线路由器连接了一个ADSL线路或其他的联网线路,则又被称为“热点”。
在Android中对Wifi操作,android本身提供了一些有用的包,在android.net.wifi包下面,主要包括以下几个类和接口:
1.ScanResult
主要用来描述已经检测出的接入点,包括接入点的地址,接入点的名称,身份认证,频率,信号强度等信息。其实就是通过wifi 硬件的扫描来获取一些周边的wifi 热点的信息。
2.WifiConfiguration
Wifi网络的配置,包括安全设置等,在我们连通一个wifi 接入点的时候,需要获取到的一些信息。主要包含四个属性:
BSSID:
BSS是一种特殊的Ad-hoc LAN(一种支持点对点访问的无线网络应用模式)的应用,一个无线网络至少由一个连接到有线网络的AP和若干无线工作站组成,这种配置称为一个基本服务装置。一群计算机设定相同的 BSS名称,即可自成一个group,而此BSS名称,即所谓BSSID。通常,手机WLAN中,bssid其实就是无线路由的MAC地址。
networkid:网络ID。
PreSharedKey:无线网络的安全认证模式。
SSID:SSID(Service Set Identif)用于标识无线局域网,SSID不同的无线网络是无法进行互访的。
3.WifiInfo
wifi无线连接的描述,包括(接入点,网络连接状态,隐藏的接入点,IP地址,连接速度,MAC地址,网络ID,信号强度等信息)。这里简单介绍一下WifiManager中常用的方法:
getSSID() | 获得SSID(热点名称) |
getBSSID() |
获取BSSID |
getDetailedStateOf() | 获取客户端的连通性 |
getHiddenSSID() | 获得SSID 是否被隐藏 |
getIpAddress() | 获取IP 地址 |
getLinkSpeed() | 获得连接的速度 |
getMacAddress() | 获得Mac 地址 |
getRssi() | 获得802.11n 网络的信号 |
4.WifiManager
wifi连接统一管理类,获取WIFI网卡的状态(WIFI网卡的状态是由一系列的整形常量来表示的)
WIFI_STATE_DISABLING = 0 | WIFI网卡正在关闭 |
WIFI_STATE_DISABLED = 1 | WIFI网卡不可用 |
WIFI_STATE_ENABLING = 2 | WIFI网正在打开 (WIFI启动需要一段时间) |
WIFI_STATE_ENABLED = 3 | WIFI网卡可用 |
WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN = 4 | 未知网卡状态 |
WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLING = 10 | WIFI热点正在关闭 |
WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLED = 11 | WIFI热点不可用 |
WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLING = 12 | WIFI热点正在打开 |
WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED = 13 | WIFI热点可用 |
5. 在AndroidManifest.xml进行对WIFI操作的权限设置
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<!-- 以下是使用wifi访问网络所需的权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name=
"android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE"
></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name=
"android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE"
></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name=
"android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"
></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name=
"android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"
></uses-permission>
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下面是汇总的一个wifi管理工具类,我完善了一下,并加上了详细的注解,很实用的!
WifiAdmin类: (wifi管理工具类)
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package
com.zhf.wifidemo.wifi.utils;
import
java.lang.reflect.Field;
import
java.lang.reflect.Method;
import
java.util.Iterator;
import
java.util.List;
import
android.content.Context;
import
android.net.wifi.ScanResult;
import
android.net.wifi.WifiConfiguration;
import
android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
import
android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
/**
* WIFI管理类
* @author ZHF
*
*/
public
class
WifiAdmin {
private
static
WifiAdmin wifiAdmin =
null
;
private
List<WifiConfiguration> mWifiConfiguration;
//无线网络配置信息类集合(网络连接列表)
private
List<ScanResult> mWifiList;
//检测到接入点信息类 集合
//描述任何Wifi连接状态
private
WifiInfo mWifiInfo;
WifiManager.WifiLock mWifilock;
//能够阻止wifi进入睡眠状态,使wifi一直处于活跃状态
public
WifiManager mWifiManager;
/**
* 获取该类的实例(懒汉)
* @param context
* @return
*/
public
static
WifiAdmin getInstance(Context context) {
if
(wifiAdmin ==
null
) {
wifiAdmin =
new
WifiAdmin(context);
}
return
wifiAdmin;
}
private
WifiAdmin(Context context) {
//获取系统Wifi服务 WIFI_SERVICE
this
.mWifiManager = (WifiManager) context.getSystemService(
"wifi"
);
//获取连接信息
this
.mWifiInfo =
this
.mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo();
}
/**
* 是否存在网络信息
* @param str 热点名称
* @return
*/
private
WifiConfiguration isExsits(String str) {
Iterator localIterator =
this
.mWifiManager.getConfiguredNetworks().iterator();
WifiConfiguration localWifiConfiguration;
do
{
if
(!localIterator.hasNext())
return
null
;
localWifiConfiguration = (WifiConfiguration) localIterator.next();
}
while
(!localWifiConfiguration.SSID.equals(
"\""
+ str +
"\""
));
return
localWifiConfiguration;
}
/**锁定WifiLock,当下载大文件时需要锁定 **/
public
void
AcquireWifiLock() {
this
.mWifilock.acquire();
}
/**创建一个WifiLock**/
public
void
CreateWifiLock() {
this
.mWifilock =
this
.mWifiManager.createWifiLock(
"Test"
);
}
/**解锁WifiLock**/
public
void
ReleaseWifilock() {
if
(mWifilock.isHeld()) {
//判断时候锁定
mWifilock.acquire();
}
}
/**打开Wifi**/
public
void
OpenWifi() {
if
(!
this
.mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()){
//当前wifi不可用
this
.mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled(
true
);
}
}
/**关闭Wifi**/
public
void
closeWifi() {
if
(mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()) {
mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled(
false
);
}
}
/**端口指定id的wifi**/
public
void
disconnectWifi(
int
paramInt) {
this
.mWifiManager.disableNetwork(paramInt);
}
/**添加指定网络**/
public
void
addNetwork(WifiConfiguration paramWifiConfiguration) {
int
i = mWifiManager.addNetwork(paramWifiConfiguration);
mWifiManager.enableNetwork(i,
true
);
}
/**
* 连接指定配置好的网络
* @param index 配置好网络的ID
*/
public
void
connectConfiguration(
int
index) {
// 索引大于配置好的网络索引返回
if
(index > mWifiConfiguration.size()) {
return
;
}
//连接配置好的指定ID的网络
mWifiManager.enableNetwork(mWifiConfiguration.get(index).networkId,
true
);
}
/**
* 根据wifi信息创建或关闭一个热点
* @param paramWifiConfiguration
* @param paramBoolean 关闭标志
*/
public
void
createWifiAP(WifiConfiguration paramWifiConfiguration,
boolean
paramBoolean) {
try
{
Class localClass =
this
.mWifiManager.getClass();
Class[] arrayOfClass =
new
Class[
2
];
arrayOfClass[
0
] = WifiConfiguration.
class
;
arrayOfClass[
1
] = Boolean.TYPE;
Method localMethod = localClass.getMethod(
"setWifiApEnabled"
,arrayOfClass);
WifiManager localWifiManager =
this
.mWifiManager;
Object[] arrayOfObject =
new
Object[
2
];
arrayOfObject[
0
] = paramWifiConfiguration;
arrayOfObject[
1
] = Boolean.valueOf(paramBoolean);
localMethod.invoke(localWifiManager, arrayOfObject);
return
;
}
catch
(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 创建一个wifi信息
* @param ssid 名称
* @param passawrd 密码
* @param paramInt 有3个参数,1是无密码,2是简单密码,3是wap加密
* @param type 是"ap"还是"wifi"
* @return
*/
public
WifiConfiguration createWifiInfo(String ssid, String passawrd,
int
paramInt, String type) {
//配置网络信息类
WifiConfiguration localWifiConfiguration1 =
new
WifiConfiguration();
//设置配置网络属性
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedAuthAlgorithms.clear();
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.clear();
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedKeyManagement.clear();
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedPairwiseCiphers.clear();
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedProtocols.clear();
if
(type.equals(
"wt"
)) {
//wifi连接
localWifiConfiguration1.SSID = (
"\""
+ ssid +
"\""
);
WifiConfiguration localWifiConfiguration2 = isExsits(ssid);
if
(localWifiConfiguration2 !=
null
) {
mWifiManager.removeNetwork(localWifiConfiguration2.networkId);
//从列表中删除指定的网络配置网络
}
if
(paramInt ==
1
) {
//没有密码
localWifiConfiguration1.wepKeys[
0
] =
""
;
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedKeyManagement.set(
0
);
localWifiConfiguration1.wepTxKeyIndex =
0
;
}
else
if
(paramInt ==
2
) {
//简单密码
localWifiConfiguration1.hiddenSSID =
true
;
localWifiConfiguration1.wepKeys[
0
] = (
"\""
+ passawrd +
"\""
);
}
else
{
//wap加密
localWifiConfiguration1.preSharedKey = (
"\""
+ passawrd +
"\""
);
localWifiConfiguration1.hiddenSSID =
true
;
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set(
0
);
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.set(
2
);
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedKeyManagement.set(
1
);
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedPairwiseCiphers.set(
1
);
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.set(
3
);
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedPairwiseCiphers.set(
2
);
}
}
else
{
//"ap" wifi热点
localWifiConfiguration1.SSID = ssid;
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set(
1
);
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.CCMP);
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.TKIP);
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.WEP40);
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.WEP104);
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedKeyManagement.set(
0
);
localWifiConfiguration1.wepTxKeyIndex =
0
;
if
(paramInt ==
1
) {
//没有密码
localWifiConfiguration1.wepKeys[
0
] =
""
;
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedKeyManagement.set(
0
);
localWifiConfiguration1.wepTxKeyIndex =
0
;
}
else
if
(paramInt ==
2
) {
//简单密码
localWifiConfiguration1.hiddenSSID =
true
;
//网络上不广播ssid
localWifiConfiguration1.wepKeys[
0
] = passawrd;
}
else
if
(paramInt ==
3
) {
//wap加密
localWifiConfiguration1.preSharedKey = passawrd;
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set(
0
);
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedProtocols.set(
1
);
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedProtocols.set(
0
);
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedKeyManagement.set(
1
);
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedPairwiseCiphers.set(
2
);
localWifiConfiguration1.allowedPairwiseCiphers.set(
1
);
}
}
return
localWifiConfiguration1;
}
/**获取热点名**/
public
String getApSSID() {
try
{
Method localMethod =
this
.mWifiManager.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(
"getWifiApConfiguration"
,
new
Class[
0
]);
if
(localMethod ==
null
)
return
null
;
Object localObject1 = localMethod.invoke(
this
.mWifiManager,
new
Object[
0
]);
if
(localObject1 ==
null
)
return
null
;
WifiConfiguration localWifiConfiguration = (WifiConfiguration) localObject1;
if
(localWifiConfiguration.SSID !=
null
)
return
localWifiConfiguration.SSID;
Field localField1 = WifiConfiguration.
class
.getDeclaredField(
"mWifiApProfile"
);
if
(localField1 ==
null
)
return
null
;
localField1.setAccessible(
true
);
Object localObject2 = localField1.get(localWifiConfiguration);
localField1.setAccessible(
false
);
if
(localObject2 ==
null
)
return
null
;
Field localField2 = localObject2.getClass().getDeclaredField(
"SSID"
);
localField2.setAccessible(
true
);
Object localObject3 = localField2.get(localObject2);
if
(localObject3 ==
null
)
return
null
;
localField2.setAccessible(
false
);
String str = (String) localObject3;
return
str;
}
catch
(Exception localException) {
}
return
null
;
}
/**获取wifi名**/
public
String getBSSID() {
if
(
this
.mWifiInfo ==
null
)
return
"NULL"
;
return
this
.mWifiInfo.getBSSID();
}
/**得到配置好的网络 **/
public
List<WifiConfiguration> getConfiguration() {
return
this
.mWifiConfiguration;
}
/**获取ip地址**/
public
int
getIPAddress() {
return
(mWifiInfo ==
null
) ?
0
: mWifiInfo.getIpAddress();
}
/**获取物理地址(Mac)**/
public
String getMacAddress() {
return
(mWifiInfo ==
null
) ?
"NULL"
: mWifiInfo.getMacAddress();
}
/**获取网络id**/
public
int
getNetworkId() {
return
(mWifiInfo ==
null
) ?
0
: mWifiInfo.getNetworkId();
}
/**获取热点创建状态**/
public
int
getWifiApState() {
try
{
int
i = ((Integer)
this
.mWifiManager.getClass()
.getMethod(
"getWifiApState"
,
new
Class[
0
])
.invoke(
this
.mWifiManager,
new
Object[
0
])).intValue();
return
i;
}
catch
(Exception localException) {
}
return
4
;
//未知wifi网卡状态
}
/**获取wifi连接信息**/
public
WifiInfo getWifiInfo() {
return
this
.mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo();
}
/** 得到网络列表**/
public
List<ScanResult> getWifiList() {
return
this
.mWifiList;
}
/**查看扫描结果**/
public
StringBuilder lookUpScan() {
StringBuilder localStringBuilder =
new
StringBuilder();
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < mWifiList.size(); i++)
{
localStringBuilder.append(
"Index_"
+
new
Integer(i +
1
).toString() +
":"
);
//将ScanResult信息转换成一个字符串包
//其中把包括:BSSID、SSID、capabilities、frequency、level
localStringBuilder.append((mWifiList.get(i)).toString());
localStringBuilder.append(
"\n"
);
}
return
localStringBuilder;
}
/** 设置wifi搜索结果 **/
public
void
setWifiList() {
this
.mWifiList =
this
.mWifiManager.getScanResults();
}
/**开始搜索wifi**/
public
void
startScan() {
this
.mWifiManager.startScan();
}
/**得到接入点的BSSID**/
public
String GetBSSID() {
return
(mWifiInfo ==
null
) ?
"NULL"
: mWifiInfo.getBSSID();
}
}
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最后,成功连接到wifi后,通过本机IP地址便可以进行相关网络开发,在下一篇中我会讲解一个WIFI热点搜索、创建、连接的Demo(http://smallwoniu.blog.51cto.com/3911954/1338618),希望能帮助到大家!