上篇博客中已经介绍过Django的安装和基本使用，如果大家还有不明白请参考我的博客
Python [4] Django的安装和基础运行环境简介
http://467754239.blog.51cto.com/4878013/1613612
这篇博客和大家聊聊Python结合Django实现IT资产管理
基础环境：
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系统版本：CentOS 6.4 64bit
Python版本：2.6
Django版本：1.6.5
ip地址：192.168.1.210
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一、安装Django环境
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# rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
# sed -i 's@^#@@' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
# sed -i 's@mirrorlist@#mirrorlist@' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
# yum -y install python-pip
# pip install 'django==1.6.5'
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二、创建工程和应用
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[root@localhost ~]
# django-admin.py startproject Simplecmdb
[root@localhost ~]
# cd Simplecmdb/
[root@localhost Simplecmdb]
# django-admin.py startapp hostinfo
[root@localhost Simplecmdb]
# tree ./
./
├── hostinfo
│ ├── admin.py
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── models.py
│ ├── tests.py
│ └── views.py
├── manage.py
└── Simplecmdb
├── __init__.py
├── settings.py
├── urls.py
└── wsgi.py
2 directories, 10 files
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三、配置应用
1、修改工程配置文件
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[root@localhost Simplecmdb]
# vim Simplecmdb/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.admin'
,
'django.contrib.auth'
,
'django.contrib.contenttypes'
,
'django.contrib.sessions'
,
'django.contrib.messages'
,
'django.contrib.staticfiles'
,
'hostinfo'
,
#添加应用
)
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware'
,
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware'
,
#'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',#注释此行（默认禁止第三方curl工具使用）
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware'
,
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware'
,
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware'
,
)
LANGUAGE_CODE =
'zh-cn'
#修改字符集
TIME_ZONE =
'Asia/Shanghai'
#修改时区
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2、添加应用的url访问
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[root@localhost Simplecmdb]
# cat Simplecmdb/urls.py
from django.conf.urls
import
patterns, include, url
from django.contrib
import
admin
admin.autodiscover()
urlpatterns = patterns(
''
,
# Examples:
# url(r'^$', 'Simplecmdb.views.home', name='home'),
# url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),
url(r
'^admin/'
, include(admin.site.urls)),
url(r
'^hostinfo$'
,
'hostinfo.views.index'
),
#访问的url路径
)
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解释：hostinfo.views.index
hostinfo：创建的应用和工程在同一级目录
views：视图文件，定义请求的响应就是由这个文件定义的
index：是视图文件中定义的一个函数名
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3、定义搜集主机信息的数据模型（也就是字段名和数据类型）
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[root@localhost Simplecmdb]
# cat hostinfo/models.py
from django.db
import
models
# Create your models here.
class Host(models.Model):
hostname
= models.CharField(max_length=50)
ip = models.IPAddressField()
osversion = models.CharField(max_length=50)
memory = models.CharField(max_length=50)
disk = models.CharField(max_length=50)
vendor_id = models.CharField(max_length=50)
model_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
cpu_core = models.CharField(max_length=50)
product = models.CharField(max_length=50)
Manufacturer = models.CharField(max_length=50)
sn = models.CharField(max_length=50)
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4、初始化模型数据库并生成数据库文件
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[root@localhost Simplecmdb]
# python manage.py syncdb
Creating tables ...
Creating table django_admin_log
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table hostinfo_host
You just installed Django
's auth system, which means you don'
t have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (
yes
/no
):
yes
Username (leave blank to use
'root'
): root
Email address: zhengyansheng@nihao.com
Password:
#后台admin的登陆密码
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)
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5、注册后台admin并显示注册信息
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[root@localhost Simplecmdb]
# vim hostinfo/admin.py #注册数据库
from django.contrib
import
admin
from hostinfo.models
import
Host
# Register your models here.
class HostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = [
'hostname'
,
'ip'
,
'osversion'
,
'memory'
,
'disk'
,
'vendor_id'
,
'model_name'
,
'cpu_core'
,
'product'
,
'Manufacturer'
,
'sn'
]
admin.site.register(Host,HostAdmin)
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6、定义用户的响应请求
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[root@localhost Simplecmdb]
# vim hostinfo/views.py
from django.shortcuts
import
render
from django.http
import
HttpResponse
from hostinfo.models
import
Host
# Create your views here.
def index(req):
print req
if
req.method ==
'POST'
:
hostname
= req.POST.get(
'hostname'
)
ip = req.POST.get(
'ip'
)
osversion = req.POST.get(
'osversion'
)
memory = req.POST.get(
'memory'
)
disk = req.POST.get(
'disk'
)
vendor_id = req.POST.get(
'vendor_id'
)
model_name = req.POST.get(
'model_name'
)
cpu_core = req.POST.get(
'cpu_core'
)
product = req.POST.get(
'product'
)
Manufacturer = req.POST.get(
'Manufacturer'
)
sn = req.POST.get(
'sn'
)
host = Host()
host.
hostname
=
hostname
host.ip = ip
host.osversion = osversion
host.memory = memory
host.disk = disk
host.vendor_id = vendor_id
host.model_name = model_name
host.cpu_core = cpu_core
host.product = product
host.Manufacturer = Manufacturer
host.sn = sn
host.save()
return
HttpResponse(
'ok'
)
else
:
return
HttpResponse(
'no data'
)
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三、运行django的工程服务
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[root@localhost ~]
# cd /root/Simplecmdb/
[root@localhost Simplecmdb]
# python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:80
Validating models...
0 errors found
March 02, 2015 - 16:11:12
Django version 1.6.5, using settings
'Simplecmdb.settings'
Starting development server at http:
//0
.0.0.0:80/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
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四、浏览器访问页面
1、访问主页面
2、访问hostinfo页面
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因为我们没有传送任何数据，所以返回我们定义的字符串
"no data"
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3、访问后台admin页面
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注册的账号是root，密码为123456
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五、以下是用Python实现对Linux主机的信息采集
搜集的信息主要包括：主机名、ip、系统版本、硬盘、内存、cpu的个数、cpu的厂商、序列号和生产商
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[root@localhost ~]
# cat post_hostinfo.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf8
#author:Allentuns
#time:2015-02-14
from subprocess
import
Popen,PIPE
import
urllib,urllib2
import
pickle
import
json
import
re
###[hostname message]#####
def get_HostnameInfo(
file
):
with
open
(
file
,
'r'
) as fd:
data = fd.
read
().
split
(
'\n'
)
for
line
in
data:
if
line.startswith(
'HOSTNAME'
):
hostname
= line.
split
(
'='
)[1]
break
return
hostname
#####[ipaddr message]#####
def get_Ipaddr():
P = Popen([
'ifconfig'
],stdout=PIPE)
data = P.stdout.
read
()
list = []
str =
''
option = False
lines = data.
split
(
'\n'
)
for
line
in
lines:
if
not line.startswith(
' '
):
list.append(str)
str = line
else
:
str += line
while
True:
if
''
in
list:
list.remove(
''
)
else
:
break
r_devname = re.compile(
'(eth\d*|lo)'
)
r_mac = re.compile(
'HWaddr\s([A-F0-9:]{17})'
)
r_ip = re.compile(
'addr:([\d.]{7,15})'
)
for
line
in
list:
devname = r_devname.findall(line)
mac = r_mac.findall(line)
ip = r_ip.findall(line)
if
mac:
return
ip[0]
#####[osversion message]#####
def get_OsVerion(
file
):
with
open
(
file
) as fd:
lines = fd.readlines()
os_version = lines[0][:-8]
return
os_version
#####[memory message]#####
def get_MemoryInfo(
file
):
with
open
(
file
) as fd:
data_list = fd.
read
().
split
(
'\n'
)
MemTotal_line = data_list[0]
Memory_K = MemTotal_line.
split
()[1]
Memory_G = float(Memory_K)
/1000/1000
Memory_G2 =
'%.2f'
% Memory_G
memory = Memory_G2 +
'G'
return
memory
#####[disk message]#####
def get_DiskInfo():
p = Popen([
'fdisk'
,
'-l'
],stdout=PIPE,stderr=PIPE)
stdout,stderr = p.communicate()
diskdata = stdout
disk_initial_size = 0
re_disk_type = re.compile(r
'Disk /dev/[shd]{1}.*:\s+[\d.\s\w]*,\s+([\d]+).*'
)
disk_size_bytes = re_disk_type.findall(diskdata)
for
size
in
disk_size_bytes:
disk_initial_size += int(size)
disk_size_total_bytes =
'%.2f'
% (float(disk_initial_size)
/1000/1000/1000
)
disk_size_total_G = disk_size_total_bytes +
'G'
disk = disk_size_total_G
return
disk
#####[cpu message]#####
def get_CpuInfo():
p = Popen([
'cat'
,
'/proc/cpuinfo'
],stdout=PIPE,stderr=PIPE)
stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
cpudata = stdout.strip()
cpu_dict = {}
re_cpu_cores = re.compile(r
'processor\s+:\s+([\d])'
)
re_vendor_id = re.compile(r
'vendor_id\s+:\s([\w]+)'
)
re_model_name = re.compile(r
'model name\s+:\s+(.*)'
)
res_cpu_cores = re_cpu_cores.findall(cpudata)
cpu_dict[
'Cpu_Cores'
] = int(res_cpu_cores[-1]) + 1
res_vendor_id = re_vendor_id.findall(cpudata)
cpu_dict[
'Vendor_Id'
] = res_vendor_id[-1]
res_model_name = re_model_name.findall(cpudata)
cpu_dict[
'Model_Name'
] = res_model_name[-1]
return
cpu_dict
#####[Demi message]#####
def get_dmidecode():
P = Popen([
'dmidecode'
],stdout=PIPE)
data = P.stdout.
read
()
lines = data.
split
(
'\n\n'
)
dmidecode_line = lines[2]
line = [i.strip()
for
i
in
dmidecode_line.
split
(
'\n'
)
if
i]
Manufacturer = line[2].
split
(
': '
)[-1]
product = line[3].
split
(
': '
)[-1]
sn = line[5].
split
(
': '
)[-1]
return
Manufacturer,product,sn
if
__name__ ==
'__main__'
:
#####[get data]#####
hostname
= get_HostnameInfo(
'/etc/sysconfig/network'
)
ip = get_Ipaddr()
osversion = get_OsVerion(
'/etc/issue'
)
memory = get_MemoryInfo(
'/proc/meminfo'
)
disk = get_DiskInfo()
Vendor_Id = get_CpuInfo()[
'Vendor_Id'
]
Model_Name = get_CpuInfo()[
'Model_Name'
]
Cpu_Cores = get_CpuInfo()[
'Cpu_Cores'
]
Manufacturer,product,sn = get_dmidecode()
#####[get dict]#####
hostinfo = {
'hostname'
:
hostname
,
'ip'
:ip,
'osversion'
:osversion,
'memory'
:memory,
'disk'
:disk,
'vendor_id'
:Vendor_Id,
'model_name'
:Model_Name,
'cpu_core'
:Cpu_Cores,
'product'
:product,
'Manufacturer'
:Manufacturer,
'sn'
:sn,
}
data = urllib.urlencode(hostinfo)
req = urllib2.urlopen(
'http://192.168.1.210:80/hostinfo'
,data)
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此脚本需要注意两处：
1、脚本目前只能在CentOS系统上运行，非CentOS系统会报异常，比如文件找不到等
2、执行脚本前需要先安装一个包(demidecode),这个包可以搜集主机的部分信息
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[root@localhost ~]
# yum -y install dmidecode
[root@localhost ~]
# python post_hostinfo.py
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然后刷新后台admin的页面
以上配置还有问题，就是不能保证主机的唯一性，如果反复执行上述脚本会得到以下结果
这个问题可以这样解决，用户执行脚本然后传递参数到服务器，服务器可以做个判断，如果传递的参数已经存在，那么我们不保存此信息，如果是更新，那么我们重新赋值并保存到数据库中
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[root@localhost Simplecmdb]
# cat hostinfo/views.py
from django.shortcuts
import
render
from django.http
import
HttpResponse
from hostinfo.models
import
Host
# Create your views here.
def index(req):
if
req.method ==
'POST'
:
hostname
= req.POST.get(
'hostname'
)
ip = req.POST.get(
'ip'
)
osversion = req.POST.get(
'osversion'
)
memory = req.POST.get(
'memory'
)
disk = req.POST.get(
'disk'
)
vendor_id = req.POST.get(
'vendor_id'
)
model_name = req.POST.get(
'model_name'
)
cpu_core = req.POST.get(
'cpu_core'
)
product = req.POST.get(
'product'
)
Manufacturer = req.POST.get(
'Manufacturer'
)
sn = req.POST.get(
'sn'
)
try:
#修改这一部分
host = Host.objects.get(
hostname
=
hostname
)
#判断是否存在，存在报异常
except:
host = Host()
host.
hostname
=
hostname
host.ip = ip
host.osversion = osversion
host.memory = memory
host.disk = disk
host.vendor_id = vendor_id
host.model_name = model_name
host.cpu_core = cpu_core
host.product = product
host.Manufacturer = Manufacturer
host.sn = sn
host.save()
return
HttpResponse(
'ok'
)
else
:
return
HttpResponse(
'no data'
)
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最终显示的效果如下：
六、主机分组
1、如下图所示：在web高可用集群中，多台服务器提供同一类服务是非常正常的，就比如web前端使用多台nginx和keepalived做高可用，后端应用比如tomcat提供用于的请求响应，像以上这两类我们可以单独进行分组划分。
2、修改配置文件定义主机组
首先在hostinfo应用中添加定义组的数据结构
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[root@localhost Simplecmdb]
# vim hostinfo/models.py
from django.db
import
models
# Create your models here.
class Host(models.Model):
hostname
= models.CharField(max_length=50)
ip = models.IPAddressField()
osversion = models.CharField(max_length=50)
memory = models.CharField(max_length=50)
disk = models.CharField(max_length=50)
vendor_id = models.CharField(max_length=50)
model_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
cpu_core = models.CharField(max_length=50)
product = models.CharField(max_length=50)
Manufacturer = models.CharField(max_length=50)
sn = models.CharField(max_length=50)
#添加以下行
class HostGroup(models.Model):
groupname = models.CharField(max_length=50)
members = models.ManyToManyField(Host)
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其次检查语法并同步数据库
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[root@localhost Simplecmdb]
# python manage.py validate
0 errors found
[root@localhost Simplecmdb]
# python manage.py syncdb
Creating tables ...
Creating table hostinfo_hostgroup_members
Creating table hostinfo_hostgroup
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
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最后注册admin并能在admin页面显示
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[root@localhost Simplecmdb]
# vim hostinfo/admin.py
from django.contrib
import
admin
from hostinfo.models
import
Host
from hostinfo.models
import
HostGroup
#添加此行
# Register your models here.
class HostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = [
'hostname'
,
'ip'
,
'osversion'
,
'memory'
,
'disk'
,
'vendor_id'
,
'model_name'
,
'cpu_core'
,
'product'
,
'Manufacturer'
,
'sn'
]
#添加以下行
class HostGroupAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = [
'groupname'
]
admin.site.register(Host,HostAdmin)
admin.site.register(HostGroup,HostGroupAdmin)
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浏览器访问admin页面
点击【Host groups】
点击右上角的【增加 hostgroup +】
问题来了，怎么Member都显示的是Host object啊？其实原因出在这里
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[root@localhost Simplecmdb]
# vim hostinfo/models.py
from django.db
import
models
# Create your models here.
class Host(models.Model):
hostname
= models.CharField(max_length=50)
ip = models.IPAddressField()
osversion = models.CharField(max_length=50)
memory = models.CharField(max_length=50)
disk = models.CharField(max_length=50)
vendor_id = models.CharField(max_length=50)
model_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
cpu_core = models.CharField(max_length=50)
product = models.CharField(max_length=50)
Manufacturer = models.CharField(max_length=50)
sn = models.CharField(max_length=50)
class HostGroup(models.Model):
groupname = models.CharField(max_length=50)
members = models.ManyToManyField(Host)
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Host和HostGroup都是类，而HostGroup中的members引用上面的Host类，返回值就是一个对象，我们应该在Host类中添加定义一个函数，然后返回我们想要的值就Ok啦
修改代码如下：
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[root@localhost Simplecmdb]
# vim hostinfo/models.py
from django.db
import
models
# Create your models here.
class Host(models.Model):
hostname
= models.CharField(max_length=50)
ip = models.IPAddressField()
osversion = models.CharField(max_length=50)
memory = models.CharField(max_length=50)
disk = models.CharField(max_length=50)
vendor_id = models.CharField(max_length=50)
model_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
cpu_core = models.CharField(max_length=50)
product = models.CharField(max_length=50)
Manufacturer = models.CharField(max_length=50)
sn = models.CharField(max_length=50)
def __str__(self):
return
self.
hostname
class HostGroup(models.Model):
groupname = models.CharField(max_length=50)
members = models.ManyToManyField(Host)
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然后同步数据库
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[root@localhost Simplecmdb]
# python manage.py syncdb
Creating tables ...
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)
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再次刷新之前的页面
问题得到了解决，我们继续往下看
3、定义组名和添加组成员
添加完成后的效果图如下：
上述所涉及到的还存在一定的问题：我们总不能手动一个个上传此Python脚本到各个客户机，然后在执行此脚本，显然不符合自动化的要求；按自动化的思路来讲，我们应该主动发现同网段的所有主机，然后自动加主机加入到同一个新组中，然后对这个组进行执行上传、执行脚本的工作。这样就省去了很多的麻烦，后续也会继续补上此类的脚本。
Python[6] IT资产管理(下)
http://467754239.blog.51cto.com/4878013/1616806
本文转自zys467754239 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/467754239/1616551，如需转载请自行联系原作者
