Validating Database Files and Backups
一 验证的目的
1 检测坏块和丢失的文件
2 判断备份是否能够恢复
二 验证命令
1 validate
2 backup....validate
3 restore ......validate
三 使用validate 命令检测坏块
physical corruption and logical corruption 区别
physical corruption:
被称为介质损坏
数据库不识别所有快
数据块校验和无效
块头和块尾不匹配
logical corruption:
数据块的内容逻辑上不一致，比如row piece 和索引条目。如果rman探测到逻辑上的坏块，oracle记录 坏块到告警文件和服务器会话跟踪文件。
注意：
a 默认backup命令为每一个块产生校验和，如果指定nochecksum选项，rman创建备份时，不会为块产生校验和。
b 默认rman不检测数据块逻辑上的损坏，除非在backup命令中指定 check logical参数。 rman测试数据和索引块以寻找逻辑上的损坏，
发现之后记录到告警文件。
四 使用 VALIDATE 命令检测坏块
1 validate命令能干啥？
手动检测数据库文件，物理和逻辑上的损坏 。
2 注意事项
该命令和backup validate 执行相同的检测，不过该命令可以指定某些大数据文件进行检测
3 使用方式
a 验证所有控制文件，数据文件，参数文件
validate database;
b 验证某个备份集
validate backupset 22;
c 检测数据文件中的某个块
validate datafile 1 block 10;
validate datafile 4 block 10 to 13;
d 验证归档
validate archivelog all;
validate archivelog sequence between 82 and 94;
4 数据文件的并行化验证
rman提供了对大数据文件的并行处理方法，即把大数据文件分成几个file section并行处理，并配置和分配多个通道处理这些file section
实现方式是运行validate 命令时指定section size 参数
run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
validate datafile 1 section size 1200M;
}
五 使用backup validate命令验证数据库文件
1 backup validate 能干啥？
a 检验数据文件物理和逻辑上的坏块
b 确保所有的数据文件位于正确的位置
2 注意事项
a 该命令不能和参数backupset、maxcorrupt、proxy联合使用。
b 该命令执行过程不产生备份集或者镜像copy 仅仅是读取之前的数据库备份文件。
3 使用方式
a 物理上对数据文件和归档日志文件备份进行坏块验证
backup validate database archivelog all;
b 逻辑上对数据文件和归档日志文件备份进行验证。
backup validate check logical database archivelog all;
c 对归档进行物理上坏块的验证
backup validate archivelog all;
d 对归档进行逻辑上坏块的验证
backup validate check logical archivelog all;
六使用RESTORE ... VALIDATE命令再恢复之前验证备份
1 该命令能干啥
验证rman能否从备份中恢复一个特定文件或者一组文件
2 注意事项
a 数据库必须open 或者mount
b 发起该命令前数据文件不能offline
3 使用方式
restore spfile validate;
restore controlfile validate;
restore database validate;
restore archivelog all validate;
restore archivelog sequence nn validate
restore archivelog sequence between nn and nn validate；
七 restore ....preview命令
1 该命令用于列出恢复所需要的文件列表，但是该命令不读取这些备份文件，以确认是否能恢复.
2 命令restore database preview;
八 实验
1 列出当前数据库进行恢复所需要的文件列表
RMAN> restore database preview;
Starting restore at 2012-09-13 20:01:45
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
379 Full 1.02G DISK 00:03:16 2012-09-13 19:59:20
BP Key: 379 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120913T195604
Piece Name: /backup/20120913_ebnl4bil_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 379
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
1 Full 2505766 2012-09-13 19:56:05 /oracle/CRM/system01.dbf
2 Full 2505766 2012-09-13 19:56:05 /oracle/CRM/sysaux01.dbf
5 Full 2505766 2012-09-13 19:56:05 /oracle/CRM/pos.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
377 Full 1.46G DISK 00:02:55 2012-09-13 19:56:14
BP Key: 377 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120913T195604
Piece Name: /backup/20120913_eanl4bil_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 377
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
3 Full 2505765 2012-09-13 19:56:05 /oracle/CRM/undotbs01.dbf
4 Full 2505765 2012-09-13 19:56:05 /backup/users01.dbf
6 Full 2505765 2012-09-13 19:56:05 /oracle/CRM/erp.dbf
10 Full 2505765 2012-09-13 19:56:05 /oracle/CRM/undotbs02.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
378 Full 1.10M DISK 00:00:09 2012-09-13 19:59:17
BP Key: 378 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120913T195604
Piece Name: /backup/20120913_ecnl4bof_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 378
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
7 Full 2505832 2012-09-13 19:59:12 /oracle/CRM/user01.dbf
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
380 7.50K DISK 00:00:00 2012-09-13 19:59:28
BP Key: 380 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120913T195928
Piece Name: /backup/20120913_ednl4bp0_1_1
List of Archived Logs in backup set 380
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------
1 81 2505738 2012-09-13 19:55:18 2505842 2012-09-13 19:59:27
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name CRM
=====================================================================
Key Thrd Seq S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - -------------------
427 1 82 A 2012-09-13 19:59:27
Name: /oracle/archive/1_82_791488634.dbf
428 1 83 A 2012-09-13 20:01:13
Name: /oracle/archive/1_83_791488634.dbf
429 1 84 A 2012-09-13 20:01:16
Name: /oracle/archive/1_84_791488634.dbf
430 1 85 A 2012-09-13 20:01:19
Name: /oracle/archive/1_85_791488634.dbf
431 1 86 A 2012-09-13 20:01:22
Name: /oracle/archive/1_86_791488634.dbf
432 1 87 A 2012-09-13 20:01:22
Name: /oracle/archive/1_87_791488634.dbf
433 1 88 A 2012-09-13 20:01:23
Name: /oracle/archive/1_88_791488634.dbf
434 1 89 A 2012-09-13 20:01:23
Name: /oracle/archive/1_89_791488634.dbf
435 1 90 A 2012-09-13 20:01:24
Name: /oracle/archive/1_90_791488634.dbf
436 1 91 A 2012-09-13 20:01:25
Name: /oracle/archive/1_91_791488634.dbf
437 1 92 A 2012-09-13 20:01:25
Name: /oracle/archive/1_92_791488634.dbf
Media recovery start SCN is 2505765
Recovery must be done beyond SCN 2505832 to clear datafile fuzziness
Finished restore at 2012-09-13 20:01:45
2 对当前数据文件物理和逻辑上的是否有坏块进行验证
RMAN> validate database;
Starting validate at 2012-09-13 20:02:35
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting validation of datafile
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) for validation
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oracle/CRM/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oracle/CRM/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/CRM/pos.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting validation of datafile
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) for validation
input datafile file number=00004 name=/backup/users01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oracle/CRM/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/oracle/CRM/erp.dbf
input datafile file number=00010 name=/oracle/CRM/undotbs02.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15
List of Datafiles
=================
File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
3 OK 0 2 12810 2382873
File Name: /oracle/CRM/undotbs01.dbf
Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
---------- -------------- ----------------
Data 0 0
Index 0 0
Other 0 12798
File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
4 OK 0 4623 223046 2291202
File Name: /backup/users01.dbf
Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
---------- -------------- ----------------
Data 0 147962
Index 0 36144
Other 0 34311
File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
6 OK 0 2 12801 2291966
File Name: /oracle/CRM/erp.dbf
Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
---------- -------------- ----------------
Data 0 0
Index 0 0
Other 0 12798
File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
10 OK 0 2 12805 2506060
File Name: /oracle/CRM/undotbs02.dbf
Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
---------- -------------- ----------------
Data 0 0
Index 0 0
Other 0 12798
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting validation of datafile
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) for validation
input datafile file number=00007 name=/oracle/CRM/user01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
List of Datafiles
=================
File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
7 OK 0 58 641 1910641
File Name: /oracle/CRM/user01.dbf
Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
---------- -------------- ----------------
Data 0 5
Index 0 0
Other 0 577
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting validation of datafile
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) for validation
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
List of Control File and SPFILE
===============================
File Type Status Blocks Failing Blocks Examined
------------ ------ -------------- ---------------
SPFILE OK 0 2
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting validation of datafile
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) for validation
including current control file for validation
channel ORA_DISK_2: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
List of Control File and SPFILE
===============================
File Type Status Blocks Failing Blocks Examined
------------ ------ -------------- ---------------
Control File OK 0 664
channel ORA_DISK_1: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:01:45
List of Datafiles
=================
File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
1 OK 0 14114 96058 2506060
File Name: /oracle/CRM/system01.dbf
Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
---------- -------------- ----------------
Data 0 61712
Index 0 13154
Other 0 7020
File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
2 OK 0 17015 69165 2506002
File Name: /oracle/CRM/sysaux01.dbf
Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
---------- -------------- ----------------
Data 0 12067
Index 0 8199
Other 0 31839
File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
5 OK 0 63999 64000 0
File Name: /oracle/CRM/pos.dbf
Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
---------- -------------- ----------------
Data 0 0
Index 0 0
Other 0 1
Finished validate at 2012-09-13 20:04:21
RMAN> validate archivelog sequence between 82 and 94;
Starting validate at 2012-09-13 20:43:20
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting validation of archived log
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) for validation
input archived log thread=1 sequence=82 RECID=427 STAMP=793915273
input archived log thread=1 sequence=83 RECID=428 STAMP=793915276
input archived log thread=1 sequence=84 RECID=429 STAMP=793915280
input archived log thread=1 sequence=85 RECID=430 STAMP=793915282
input archived log thread=1 sequence=86 RECID=431 STAMP=793915282
input archived log thread=1 sequence=87 RECID=432 STAMP=793915283
input archived log thread=1 sequence=88 RECID=433 STAMP=793915284
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting validation of archived log
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying archived log(s) for validation
input archived log thread=1 sequence=89 RECID=434 STAMP=793915284
input archived log thread=1 sequence=90 RECID=435 STAMP=793915285
input archived log thread=1 sequence=91 RECID=436 STAMP=793915285
input archived log thread=1 sequence=92 RECID=437 STAMP=793915288
input archived log thread=1 sequence=93 RECID=438 STAMP=793916449
channel ORA_DISK_1: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
List of Archived Logs
=====================
Thrd Seq Status Blocks Failing Blocks Examined Name
---- ------- ------ -------------- --------------- ---------------
1 82 OK 0 11 /oracle/archive/1_82_791488634.dbf
1 83 OK 0 1 /oracle/archive/1_83_791488634.dbf
1 84 OK 0 2 /oracle/archive/1_84_791488634.dbf
1 85 OK 0 2 /oracle/archive/1_85_791488634.dbf
1 86 OK 0 1 /oracle/archive/1_86_791488634.dbf
1 87 OK 0 1 /oracle/archive/1_87_791488634.dbf
1 88 OK 0 1 /oracle/archive/1_88_791488634.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting validation of archived log
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) for validation
input archived log thread=1 sequence=94 RECID=439 STAMP=793916489
channel ORA_DISK_2: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
List of Archived Logs
=====================
Thrd Seq Status Blocks Failing Blocks Examined Name
---- ------- ------ -------------- --------------- ---------------
1 89 OK 0 8 /oracle/archive/1_89_791488634.dbf
1 90 OK 0 1 /oracle/archive/1_90_791488634.dbf
1 91 OK 0 1 /oracle/archive/1_91_791488634.dbf
1 92 OK 0 2 /oracle/archive/1_92_791488634.dbf
1 93 OK 0 211 /oracle/archive/1_93_791488634.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
List of Archived Logs
=====================
Thrd Seq Status Blocks Failing Blocks Examined Name
---- ------- ------ -------------- --------------- ---------------
1 94 OK 0 8 /oracle/archive/1_94_791488634.dbf
Finished validate at 2012-09-13 20:43:21
3 验证这些文件能否进行有效恢复
RMAN> restore database validate;
Starting restore at 2012-09-13 20:41:08
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting validation of datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting validation of datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /backup/20120913_eanl4bil_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_2: reading from backup piece /backup/20120913_ecnl4bof_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_2: piece handle=/backup/20120913_ecnl4bof_1_1 tag=TAG20120913T195604
channel ORA_DISK_2: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_2: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting validation of datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: reading from backup piece /backup/20120913_ebnl4bil_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/backup/20120913_eanl4bil_1_1 tag=TAG20120913T195604
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:00:57
channel ORA_DISK_2: piece handle=/backup/20120913_ebnl4bil_1_1 tag=TAG20120913T195604
channel ORA_DISK_2: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_2: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:00:56
Finished restore at 2012-09-13 20:42:05
RMAN> restore archivelog sequence between 84 and 94 validate;
Starting restore at 2012-09-13 20:39:09
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_1: scanning archived log /oracle/archive/1_84_791488634.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: scanning archived log /oracle/archive/1_85_791488634.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: scanning archived log /oracle/archive/1_86_791488634.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: scanning archived log /oracle/archive/1_87_791488634.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: scanning archived log /oracle/archive/1_88_791488634.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: scanning archived log /oracle/archive/1_89_791488634.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: scanning archived log /oracle/archive/1_90_791488634.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: scanning archived log /oracle/archive/1_91_791488634.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: scanning archived log /oracle/archive/1_92_791488634.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: scanning archived log /oracle/archive/1_93_791488634.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: scanning archived log /oracle/archive/1_94_791488634.dbf
Finished restore at 2012-09-13 20:39:11
---------------上内容参考oracle备份恢复用户指导-------------
