首先你需要下载MySQL安装包,下载地址如下:
http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/pub/MySQL/Downloads/
这里我以MySQL5.6.26-1.el7版本为例,其中安装包里的x86_64表示是x86架构的64位CPU,其中必须下载的两个安装包为:
MySQL-server-5.6.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-client-5.6.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
其他安装包为可选的,当你需要该功能时,再单独补充安装.不过这里我建议你下载bundle.tar结尾的压缩包文件,因为里面已经包括了MySQL所有安装组件。
下载完成后,可以通过rz命令将其上传至你的CentOS服务器,这里我以上传到CentOS的/opt目录下：
上传完成后你需要使用tar命令解压刚刚上传的压缩包文件,执行命令如下:
Shell代码
- tar -xvf MySQL-5.6.16-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
首先你需要检查是否已经安装了MySQL:
Shell代码
- rpm -qa | grep mysql
如果已经安装了MySQL,则通过如下命令进行卸载:
Shell代码
- rpm -e --nodeps mysql //卸载MySQL,或者用yum remove mysql命名卸载
然后你需要先安装MySQL-server,执行命令如下:
Shell代码
- rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.16-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
安装过程如下:
Shell代码
- [root@yida opt]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.16-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
- Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
- 1:MySQL-server ########################################### [100%]
- 2015-11-16 02:00:36 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
- 2015-11-16 02:00:36 1156 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
- 2015-11-16 02:00:36 1156 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
- 2015-11-16 02:00:36 1156 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
- 2015-11-16 02:00:36 1156 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
- 2015-11-16 02:00:36 1156 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
- 2015-11-16 02:00:36 1156 [Note] InnoDB: Not using CPU crc32 instructions
- 2015-11-16 02:00:36 1156 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
- 2015-11-16 02:00:36 1156 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
- 2015-11-16 02:00:36 1156 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created!
- 2015-11-16 02:00:36 1156 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB
- 2015-11-16 02:00:36 1156 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
- 2015-11-16 02:00:36 1156 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB
- 2015-11-16 02:00:37 1156 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB
- 2015-11-16 02:00:39 1156 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0
- 2015-11-16 02:00:39 1156 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781
- 2015-11-16 02:00:39 1156 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
- 2015-11-16 02:00:39 1156 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
- 2015-11-16 02:00:39 1156 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
- 2015-11-16 02:00:39 1156 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
- 2015-11-16 02:00:39 1156 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
- 2015-11-16 02:00:39 1156 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables.
- 2015-11-16 02:00:39 1156 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created.
- 2015-11-16 02:00:39 1156 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
- 2015-11-16 02:00:39 1156 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.16 started; log sequence number 0
- A random root password has been set. You will find it in '/root/.mysql_secret'.
- 2015-11-16 02:00:40 1156 [Note] Binlog end
- 2015-11-16 02:00:40 1156 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
- 2015-11-16 02:00:40 1156 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
- 2015-11-16 02:00:41 1156 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977
- 2015-11-16 02:00:41 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
- 2015-11-16 02:00:41 1179 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
- 2015-11-16 02:00:41 1179 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
- 2015-11-16 02:00:41 1179 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
- 2015-11-16 02:00:41 1179 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
- 2015-11-16 02:00:41 1179 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
- 2015-11-16 02:00:41 1179 [Note] InnoDB: Not using CPU crc32 instructions
- 2015-11-16 02:00:41 1179 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
- 2015-11-16 02:00:41 1179 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
- 2015-11-16 02:00:41 1179 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
- 2015-11-16 02:00:41 1179 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
- 2015-11-16 02:00:41 1179 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
- 2015-11-16 02:00:41 1179 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.16 started; log sequence number 1625977
- 2015-11-16 02:00:41 1179 [Note] Binlog end
- 2015-11-16 02:00:41 1179 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
- 2015-11-16 02:00:41 1179 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
- 2015-11-16 02:00:43 1179 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987
- A RANDOM PASSWORD HAS BEEN SET FOR THE MySQL root USER !
- You will find that password in '/root/.mysql_secret'.
- You must change that password on your first connect,
- no other statement but 'SET PASSWORD' will be accepted.
- See the manual for the semantics of the 'password expired' flag.
- Also, the account for the anonymous user has been removed.
- In addition, you can run:
- /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
- which will also give you the option of removing the test database.
- This is strongly recommended for production servers.
- See the manual for more instructions.
- Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/
- The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at
- http://www.mysql.com
- Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com
- New default config file was created as /usr/my.cnf and
- will be used by default by the server when you start it.
- You may edit this file to change server settings
提示,默认密码已经随机生成并保存在/root/.mysql_secret文件里,如图查看初始密码:
尝试登录MySQL测试下,如图操作:
提示无法链接,猜测可能是MySQL服务没有启动,执行如下命令启动MySQL服务:
Shell代码
- /etc/init.d/mysql start
然后再登录mysql测试,发现这回登录成功了,如图:
到这一步说明我们的MySQL已经安装成功了.
使用mysql -V查看安装的MySQL版本:
通过RPM包安装MySQL默认在/etc目录下并没有创建my.cnf配置文件,我们需要把/usr/share/mysql目录下的my_deafult.cnf配置文件复制到/etc目录下,并更名为my.cnf,执行命令如下:
Shell代码
- cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
默认mysql的安装目录如下:
其中/var/lib/mysql目录就是用于存放mysql的数据文件和日志文件的,即你创建的数据库都是保存在这里,还有mysql数据库的操作日志等.一般建议将这个目录配置到单独的一个自定义目录,因为这个目录需要频繁读写,IO是性能瓶颈,可能需要单独挂载到一个硬盘上.需要在my.cnf里配置我们的自定义数据目录.
首先使用mkdir命令创建/data/mysql目录,然后需要把/var/lib/mysql目录下的所有文件全部copy到我们刚刚自定义的/data/mysql目录下,不过操作之前,你需要先通过service mysql stop停掉mysql服务,否则可能会出现文件复制失败:
Shell代码
- cp -rap /var/lib/mysql /data/
然后需要将/data/mysql目录配置到my.cnf里的datadir处,通过vi /etc/my.cnf命令打开my.cnf配置文件进行编辑,如图:
然后通过service mysql start命名重新启动mysql服务,如果mysql服务启动成功,则表明配置没有问题.
然后你需要修改mysql默认编码为UTF-8,防止中文乱码,具体操作如图:
然后重新启动mysql服务使其生效:service mysql restart
贴个完整的my.cnf配置截图,以便你们对照,
设置MySQL服务开机自动启动:
Shell代码
- chkconfig mysql on
修改MySQL Root帐户的密码:
Shell代码
- mysqladmin -u root password '123'
删除MySQL系统服务:
Shell代码
- chkconfig --del mysql
也许是处于MySQL数据库安全考虑,默认MySQL不允许远程访问的,通过以下命令开启远程链接访问:
Shell代码
- mysql>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%'WITH GRANT OPTION
- //使修改生效
- mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES
最后贴下MySQL的my.cnf配置文件的配置项解释说明,以便大家查阅：
Java代码
- [client]
- port = 3306
- socket = /home/mysql/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
- [mysqld]
- !include /home/mysql/mysql/etc/mysqld.cnf #包含的配置文件 ，把用户名，密码文件单独存放
- port = 3306
- socket = /home/mysql/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
- pid-file = /longxibendi/mysql/mysql/var/mysql.pid
- basedir = /home/mysql/mysql/
- datadir = /longxibendi/mysql/mysql/var/
- # tmp dir settings
- tmpdir = /home/mysql/mysql/tmp/
- slave-load-tmpdir = /home/mysql/mysql/tmp/
- #当slave 执行 load data infile 时用
- #language = /home/mysql/mysql/share/mysql/english/
- character-sets-dir = /home/mysql/mysql/share/mysql/charsets/
- # skip options
- skip-name-resolve #grant 时，必须使用ip不能使用主机名
- skip-symbolic-links #不能使用连接文件
- skip-external-locking #不使用系统锁定，要使用myisamchk,必须关闭服务器
- skip-slave-start #启动mysql,不启动复制
- #sysdate-is-now
- # res settings
- back_log = 50 #接受队列，对于没建立tcp连接的请求队列放入缓存中，队列大小为back_log，受限制与OS参数
- max_connections = 1000 #最大并发连接数 ，增大该值需要相应增加允许打开的文件描述符数
- max_connect_errors = 10000 #如果某个用户发起的连接error超过该数值，则该用户的下次连接将被阻塞，直到管理员执行flush hosts ; 命令；防止黑客
- #open_files_limit = 10240
- connect-timeout = 10 #连接超时之前的最大秒数,在Linux平台上，该超时也用作等待服务器首次回应的时间
- wait-timeout = 28800 #等待关闭连接的时间
- interactive-timeout = 28800 #关闭连接之前，允许interactive_timeout（取代了wait_timeout）秒的不活动时间。客户端的会话wait_timeout变量被设为会话interactive_timeout变量的值。
- slave-net-timeout = 600 #从服务器也能够处理网络连接中断。但是，只有从服务器超过slave_net_timeout秒没有从主服务器收到数据才通知网络中断
- net_read_timeout = 30 #从服务器读取信息的超时
- net_write_timeout = 60 #从服务器写入信息的超时
- net_retry_count = 10 #如果某个通信端口的读操作中断了，在放弃前重试多次
- net_buffer_length = 16384 #包消息缓冲区初始化为net_buffer_length字节，但需要时可以增长到max_allowed_packet字节
- max_allowed_packet = 64M #
- #table_cache = 512 #所有线程打开的表的数目。增大该值可以增加mysqld需要的文件描述符的数量
- thread_stack = 192K #每个线程的堆栈大小
- thread_cache_size = 20 #线程缓存
- thread_concurrency = 8 #同时运行的线程的数据 此处最好为CPU个数两倍。本机配置为CPU的个数
- # qcache settings
- query_cache_size = 256M #查询缓存大小
- query_cache_limit = 2M #不缓存查询大于该值的结果
- query_cache_min_res_unit = 2K #查询缓存分配的最小块大小
- # default settings
- # time zone
- default-time-zone = system #服务器时区
- character-set-server = utf8 #server级别字符集
- default-storage-engine = InnoDB #默认存储
- # tmp & heap
- tmp_table_size = 512M #临时表大小，如果超过该值，则结果放到磁盘中
- max_heap_table_size = 512M #该变量设置MEMORY (HEAP)表可以增长到的最大空间大小
- log-bin = mysql-bin #这些路径相对于datadir
- log-bin-index = mysql-bin.index
- relayrelay-log = relay-log
- relayrelay_log_index = relay-log.index
- # warning & error log
- log-warnings = 1
- log-error = /home/mysql/mysql/log/mysql.err
- log_output = FILE #参数log_output指定了慢查询输出的格式，默认为FILE，你可以将它设为TABLE，然后就可以查询mysql架构下的slow_log表了
- # slow query log
- slow_query_log = 1
- long-query-time = 1 #慢查询时间 超过1秒则为慢查询
- slow_query_log_file = /home/mysql/mysql/log/slow.log
- #log-queries-not-using-indexes
- #log-slow-slave-statements
- general_log = 1
- general_log_file = /home/mysql/mysql/log/mysql.log
- max_binlog_size = 1G
- max_relay_log_size = 1G
- # if use auto-ex, set to 0
- relay-log-purge = 1 #当不用中继日志时，删除他们。这个操作有SQL线程完成
- # max binlog keeps days
- expire_logs_days = 30 #超过30天的binlog删除
- binlog_cache_size = 1M #session级别
- # replication
- replicate-wild-ignore-table = mysql.% #复制时忽略数据库及表
- replicate-wild-ignore-table = test.% #复制时忽略数据库及表
- # slave_skip_errors=all
- key_buffer_size = 256M #myisam索引buffer,只有key没有data
- sort_buffer_size = 2M #排序buffer大小；线程级别
- read_buffer_size = 2M #以全表扫描(Sequential Scan)方式扫描数据的buffer大小 ；线程级别
- join_buffer_size = 8M # join buffer 大小;线程级别
- read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M #MyISAM以索引扫描(Random Scan)方式扫描数据的buffer大小 ；线程级别
- bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M #MyISAM 用在块插入优化中的树缓冲区的大小。注释：这是一个per thread的限制
- myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M #MyISAM 设置恢复表之时使用的缓冲区的尺寸,当在REPAIR TABLE或用CREATE INDEX创建索引或ALTER TABLE过程中排序 MyISAM索引分配的缓冲区
- myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G #MyISAM 如果临时文件会变得超过索引，不要使用快速排序索引方法来创建一个索引。注释：这个参数以字节的形式给出.重建MyISAM索引(在REPAIR TABLE、ALTER TABLE或LOAD DATA INFILE过程中)时，允许MySQL使用的临时文件的最大空间大小。如果文件的大小超过该值，则使用键值缓存创建索引，要慢得多。该值的单位为字节
- myisam_repair_threads = 1 #如果该值大于1，在Repair by sorting过程中并行创建MyISAM表索引(每个索引在自己的线程内)
- myisam_recover = 64K#允许的GROUP_CONCAT()函数结果的最大长度
- transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
- innodb_file_per_table
- #innodb_status_file = 1
- #innodb_open_files = 2048
- innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 100M #帧缓存的控制对象需要从此处申请缓存，所以该值与innodb_buffer_pool对应
- innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G #包括数据页、索引页、插入缓存、锁信息、自适应哈希所以、数据字典信息
- innodb_data_home_dir = /longxibendi/mysql/mysql/var/
- #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend
- innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:500M;ibdata2:2210M:autoextend #表空间
- innodb_file_io_threads = 4 #io线程数
- innodb_thread_concurrency = 16 #InnoDB试着在InnoDB内保持操作系统线程的数量少于或等于这个参数给出的限制
- innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 #每次commit 日志缓存中的数据刷到磁盘中
- innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M #事物日志缓存
- innodb_log_file_size = 500M #事物日志大小
- #innodb_log_file_size =100M
- innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 #两组事物日志
- innodb_log_group_home_dir = /longxibendi/mysql/mysql/var/#日志组
- innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 #innodb主线程刷新缓存池中的数据，使脏数据比例小于90%
- innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 #InnoDB事务在被回滚之前可以等待一个锁定的超时秒数。InnoDB在它自己的 锁定表中自动检测事务死锁并且回滚事务。InnoDB用LOCK TABLES语句注意到锁定设置。默认值是50秒
- #innodb_flush_method = O_DSYNC
- [mysqldump]
- quick
- max_allowed_packet = 64M
- [mysql]
- disable-auto-rehash #允许通过TAB键提示
- default-character-set = utf8
- connect-timeout = 3
转载：http://iamyida.iteye.com/blog/2257132
