redhat 5版本磁盘配额quota配置
磁盘配额配置。
磁盘配置操作对root用户不生效。
1要想使用磁盘配额功能，首先要确定自己的系统内核是否支持磁盘。
查看方法
[root@zhaoyun ~]# grep -i quota /boot/config-2.6.18-164.el5
如果出现如下配置则支持quota配置功能。
如果出现如下配置则支持quota配置功能。
[root@zhaoyun ~]# grep -i quota /boot/config-2.6.18-164.el5
CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_QUOTA=m
CONFIG_QUOTA=y
CONFIG_QUOTACTL=y
[root@zhaoyun ~]#
CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_QUOTA=m
CONFIG_QUOTA=y
CONFIG_QUOTACTL=y
[root@zhaoyun ~]#
2、在配置quota前查看要配置quota的分区是否支持quota。
现在的根分区是不支持quota的
[root@zhaoyun ~]# mount |grep /dev/sda1
/dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw)
[root@zhaoyun ~]#
/dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw)
[root@zhaoyun ~]#
[root@zhaoyun ~]# mount -o remount,usrquota,grpquota /
usrquota 可以为用户配置磁盘配额
usrquota 可以为用户配置磁盘配额
grpquota 可以为组配置磁盘配额
[root@zhaoyun ~]# mount -o remount,usrquota,grpquota /
[root@zhaoyun ~]# mount |grep /dev/sda1
/dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,usrquota,grpquota)
[root@zhaoyun ~]#
[root@zhaoyun ~]# mount |grep /dev/sda1
/dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,usrquota,grpquota)
[root@zhaoyun ~]#
上面的方法是临时生效的重启后就没有了，解决办法
1、可以把他加到开机启动中
echo "mount -o remount,usrquota,grpquota /" >> /etc/rc.local
这样下次开机就可以自动使分区支持quota功能了。
2、编写/etc/fstab文件
添加
如果在/分区支持，则修改/的一行，如果是其他分区需要自己添加。
只需要在default字段后以,号分隔，添加 ,usrquota,grpquota就可以了。
格式
[root@zhaoyun ~]# vi /etc/fstab
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 1 1
/dev/sda2 /quota ext3 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 0 0
写完后，使用mount -o remount 命令使配置生效。
[root@zhaoyun ~]# mount |grep /dev/sda1
/dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw)
[root@zhaoyun ~]#
[root@zhaoyun ~]# mount -o remount /
[root@zhaoyun ~]# mount
/dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,usrquota,grpquota)
/dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw)
[root@zhaoyun ~]#
[root@zhaoyun ~]# mount -o remount /
[root@zhaoyun ~]# mount
/dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,usrquota,grpquota)
[root@zhaoyun ~]# quotacheck -cugm /
在执行完此命令，在/目录下生成俩个文件，其他分区在分区挂载的目录下查看。
[root@zhaoyun ~]# ll / |grep quota
-rw------- 1 root root 7168 11-29 06:57 aquota.group
-rw------- 1 root root 7168 11-29 06:57 aquota.user
[root@zhaoyun ~]#
-rw------- 1 root root 7168 11-29 06:57 aquota.group
-rw------- 1 root root 7168 11-29 06:57 aquota.user
[root@zhaoyun ~]#
quotaon -p / 看根分区的是否开启用户quota配置
quotaon / 开启根分区支持用户quota配置
[root@zhaoyun ~]# quotaon -p /
group quota on / (/dev/sda1) is off
user quota on / (/dev/sda1) is off
[root@zhaoyun ~]# quotaon /
[root@zhaoyun ~]# quotaon -p /
group quota on / (/dev/sda1) is on
user quota on / (/dev/sda1) is on
[root@zhaoyun ~]#
group quota on / (/dev/sda1) is off
user quota on / (/dev/sda1) is off
[root@zhaoyun ~]# quotaon /
[root@zhaoyun ~]# quotaon -p /
group quota on / (/dev/sda1) is on
user quota on / (/dev/sda1) is on
[root@zhaoyun ~]#
假如说我有个user1的用户，需要对他进行在根分区的配额管理，那么就这么写
[root@zhaoyun ~]# edquota user1 /
限制用户在写第4个文件的时候警告，第7个文件不允许写入。
Disk quotas for user user1 (uid 500):
soft 超过 大小警告 soft超过个数警告
Filesystem blocks
soft
hard inodes
soft
hard
/dev/sda1 60 0 0 8 11 14
hard超过大小不能写 hard超过个数不能写
/dev/sda1 60 0 0 8 11 14
验证效果
[user1@zhaoyun ~]$ touch file1
[user1@zhaoyun ~]$ touch file2
[user1@zhaoyun ~]$ touch file3
[user1@zhaoyun ~]$ touch file4
sda1: warning, user file quota exceeded.
[user1@zhaoyun ~]$ touch file5
[user1@zhaoyun ~]$ touch file6
[user1@zhaoyun ~]$ touch file7
sda1: write failed, user file limit reached.
touch: 无法触碰 “file7”: 超出磁盘限额
[user1@zhaoyun ~]$ ls
file1 file2 file3 file4 file5 file6
[user1@zhaoyun ~]$
[user1@zhaoyun ~]$ touch file2
[user1@zhaoyun ~]$ touch file3
[user1@zhaoyun ~]$ touch file4
sda1: warning, user file quota exceeded.
[user1@zhaoyun ~]$ touch file5
[user1@zhaoyun ~]$ touch file6
[user1@zhaoyun ~]$ touch file7
sda1: write failed, user file limit reached.
touch: 无法触碰 “file7”: 超出磁盘限额
[user1@zhaoyun ~]$ ls
file1 file2 file3 file4 file5 file6
[user1@zhaoyun ~]$
对磁盘大小使用的限制
写入文件超过4M警告，不能错过6M
[root@zhaoyun ~]# edquota user1 /
Disk quotas for user user1 (uid 500):
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
/dev/sda1 84 4000 6000 14 0 0
~
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
/dev/sda1 84 4000 6000 14 0 0
~
验证效果
[user1@zhaoyun ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=file bs=1M count=5
sda1: warning, user block quota exceeded.
5+0 records in
5+0 records out
5242880 bytes (5.2 MB) copied, 0.0343485 seconds, 153 MB/s
[user1@zhaoyun ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=file bs=1M count=6
sda1: warning, user block quota exceeded.
sda1: write failed, user block limit reached.
dd: 写入 “file”: 超出磁盘限额
6+0 records in
5+0 records out
6057984 bytes (6.1 MB) copied, 0.0394068 seconds, 154 MB/s
sda1: warning, user block quota exceeded.
5+0 records in
5+0 records out
5242880 bytes (5.2 MB) copied, 0.0343485 seconds, 153 MB/s
[user1@zhaoyun ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=file bs=1M count=6
sda1: warning, user block quota exceeded.
sda1: write failed, user block limit reached.
dd: 写入 “file”: 超出磁盘限额
6+0 records in
5+0 records out
6057984 bytes (6.1 MB) copied, 0.0394068 seconds, 154 MB/s
第三列：soft 对使用磁盘空间大小的限制 单位k，只警告，单不超过hard的值就可以继续写 对大小的软限制
第四列：hard 对使用空间大小的限制，单位k，不允许超过此值的大小。如果一个文件操作则造成文件顺坏。 对大小的硬限制
第六列： soft 对文件个数的限制，限制可以有几个文件，在原有inodes上增加限制的个数，只警告。
第七列： hard 硬限制，创建文件的个数不允许超过此值。
7、用命令设置quota，适合写脚本的时候用
#设置user1的配额，大小限制，超过4M警告，不允许超过5M
[root@zhaoyun ~]# setquota user1 4000 5000 0 0 /
#拷贝user1的配额信息给user2
[root@zhaoyun ~]# edquota -p user1 user2
edquota: User user2 doesn't exist.
[root@zhaoyun ~]#
[root@zhaoyun ~]# useradd user2
[root@zhaoyun ~]# edquota -p user1 user2
[root@zhaoyun ~]# edquota user2
edquota: User user2 doesn't exist.
[root@zhaoyun ~]#
[root@zhaoyun ~]# useradd user2
[root@zhaoyun ~]# edquota -p user1 user2
[root@zhaoyun ~]# edquota user2
Disk quotas for user user2 (uid 501):
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
/dev/sda1 60 4000 5000 8 0 0
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
/dev/sda1 60 4000 5000 8 0 0
8、查看配置使用情况
repquota -a #查看用户配额使用情况 等同于 repquota -ua
[root@zhaoyun ~]# repquota -a
*** Report for user quotas on device /dev/sda1
Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time: 7days
Block limits File limits
User used soft hard grace used soft hard grace
----------------------------------------------------------------------
root -- 3621420 0 0 117355 0 0
daemon -- 20 0 0 3 0 0
lp -- 16 0 0 2 0 0
apache -- 24 0 0 3 0 0
rpc -- 4 0 0 1 0 0
smmsp -- 16 0 0 2 0 0
webalizer -- 32 0 0 4 0 0
squid -- 16 0 0 2 0 0
avahi -- 20 0 0 3 0 0
xfs -- 4 0 0 1 0 0
rpcuser -- 8 0 0 1 0 0
user1 +- 6000 4000 5000 6days 10 0 0
user2 -- 60 4000 5000 8 0 0
*** Report for user quotas on device /dev/sda1
Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time: 7days
Block limits File limits
User used soft hard grace used soft hard grace
----------------------------------------------------------------------
root -- 3621420 0 0 117355 0 0
daemon -- 20 0 0 3 0 0
lp -- 16 0 0 2 0 0
apache -- 24 0 0 3 0 0
rpc -- 4 0 0 1 0 0
smmsp -- 16 0 0 2 0 0
webalizer -- 32 0 0 4 0 0
squid -- 16 0 0 2 0 0
avahi -- 20 0 0 3 0 0
xfs -- 4 0 0 1 0 0
rpcuser -- 8 0 0 1 0 0
user1 +- 6000 4000 5000 6days 10 0 0
user2 -- 60 4000 5000 8 0 0
repquota -ga 查看组配额使用情况。
本文转自zhaoyun00 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/zhaoyun/728570
