HTTP服务目前最流行的互联网应用之一，如何监控服务的健康状态对系统运维来说至关重要。
Zabbix本身提供了对WEB应用程序的监控，比如监控WEB程序的Download Speed,Response Time和Response Code等性能指标，但是配置起来比较繁琐和复杂。下面通过 python pycurl模块来获取HTTP响应时间，下载速度，状态吗等性能指标。然后通过zabbix trapper的方式来监控WEB应用的性能。
Zabbix trapper监控是客户端收集监控数据，然后以zabbix_sender的方式发送给zabbix server或者proxy服务器。发送的数据主要包括zabbix server或者proxy主机名，监控项和值。zabbix_sender具体用法如下：
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[root@monitor]
# /usr/local/zabbix/bin/zabbix_sender -help
Zabbix Sender v2.
2.3
(revision
44105
) (
7
April
2014
)
usage: zabbix_sender [
-
Vhv] {[
-
zpsI]
-
ko | [
-
zpI]
-
T
-
i <
file
>
-
r} [
-
c <
file
>]
Options:
-
c
-
-
config <
file
> Absolute path to the configuration
file
-
z
-
-
zabbix
-
server <server> Hostname
or
IP address of Zabbix server
-
p
-
-
port <server port> Specify port number of server trapper running on the server. Default
is
10051
-
s
-
-
host <hostname> Specify host name. Host IP address
and
DNS name will
not
work
-
I
-
-
source
-
address <IP address> Specify source IP address
-
k
-
-
key <key> Specify item key
-
o
-
-
value <key value> Specify value
-
i
-
-
input
-
file
<
input
file
> Load values
from
input
file
. Specify
-
for
standard
input
Each line of
file
contains whitespace delimited: <hostname> <key> <value>
Specify
-
in
<hostname> to use hostname
from
configuration
file
or
-
-
host argument
-
T
-
-
with
-
timestamps Each line of
file
contains whitespace delimited: <hostname> <key> <timestamp> <value>
This can be used with
-
-
input
-
file
option
Timestamp should be specified
in
Unix timestamp
format
-
r
-
-
real
-
time Send metrics one by one as soon as they are received
This can be used when reading
from
standard
input
-
v
-
-
verbose Verbose mode,
-
vv
for
more details
Other options:
-
h
-
-
help
Give this
help
-
V
-
-
version Display version number
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下面是我用python写的监控脚本，如果要监控多个网站，只需在list列表里面添加即可。
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[root@monitor cron]
# cat Check_HTTP_Response_Time.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
#Auth:david
import
os
import
sys
import
fileinput
import
pycurl
import
logging
hostname
=
"monitor"
#IP from Zabbix Server or proxy where data should be send to.
zabbix_server
=
"192.168.100.200"
zabbix_sender
=
"/usr/local/zabbix/bin/zabbix_sender"
#If add url of website, please update list.
list
=
[
'www.zmzblog.com'
,
'img.zmzblog.com'
]
#This list define zabbix key.
key
=
[
'HTTP_ResSize'
,
'HTTP_ResTime'
,
'HTTP_ResCode'
,
'HTTP_ResSpeed'
]
#In the file to define the monitor host, key and value.
log_file
=
"/tmp/HTTP_Response.log"
logging.basicConfig(filename
=
log_file,level
=
logging.INFO,filemode
=
'w'
)
run_cmd
=
"%s -z %s -i %s > /tmp/HTTP_Response.temp"
%
(zabbix_sender,zabbix_server,log_file)
class
Test():
def
__init__(
self
):
self
.contents
=
''
def
body_callback(
self
,buf):
self
.contents
=
self
.contents
+
buf
def
Check_Http(URL):
t
=
Test()
#gzip_test = file("gzip_test.txt", 'w')
c
=
pycurl.Curl()
c.setopt(pycurl.WRITEFUNCTION,t.body_callback)
#请求采用Gzip传输
#c.setopt(pycurl.ENCODING, 'gzip')
try
:
c.setopt(pycurl.CONNECTTIMEOUT,
60
)
c.setopt(pycurl.URL,URL)
c.perform()
except
pycurl.error:
print
"URL %s"
%
URL
Http_Document_size
=
c.getinfo(c.SIZE_DOWNLOAD)
Http_Download_speed
=
round
((c.getinfo(pycurl.SPEED_DOWNLOAD)
/
1024
),
2
)
Http_Total_time
=
round
((c.getinfo(pycurl.TOTAL_TIME)
*
1000
),
2
)
Http_Response_code
=
c.getinfo(pycurl.HTTP_CODE)
logging.info(hostname
+
' '
+
key[
0
]
+
'['
+
k
+
']'
+
' '
+
str
(Http_Document_size))
logging.info(hostname
+
' '
+
key[
1
]
+
'['
+
k
+
']'
+
' '
+
str
(Http_Total_time))
logging.info(hostname
+
' '
+
key[
2
]
+
'['
+
k
+
']'
+
' '
+
str
(Http_Response_code))
logging.info(hostname
+
' '
+
key[
3
]
+
'['
+
k
+
']'
+
' '
+
str
(Http_Download_speed))
def
runCmd(command):
for
u
in
list
:
URL
=
u
global
k
if
u.startswith(
'https:'
):
k
=
u.split(
'/'
)[
2
]
else
:
k
=
u.split(
'/'
)[
0
]
Check_Http(URL)
for
line
in
fileinput.
input
(log_file,inplace
=
1
):
print
line.replace(
'INFO:root:'
,''),
return
os.system(command)
runCmd(run_cmd)
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添加crontab，定期收集数据并发送给zabbix server服务器。
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*
/
5
*
*
*
*
/
zabbix
/
python
/
cron
/
Check_HTTP_Response.py
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然后在前端配置监控项，可以调用zabbix API批量添加监控项。下面以www.zmzblog.com为例来说明如何监控HTTP的响应时间。这里所有的监控类型都是Zabbix_trapper的方式。监控key HTTP_ResTime[www.zmzblog.com]，
HTTP_ResCode[www.zmzblog.com]，HTTP_ResSize[www.zmzblog.com]，HTTP_ResSpeed[www.zmzblog.com]分别表示HTTP的响应时间，状态吗，文档大小和下载速度。
配置完监控项之后我们配置触发器，因为现在网站的响应时间都是毫秒级别的，如果超过1000ms就报警。
下面分别展示一下HTTP响应时间和状态码，其它的下载速度和文档大小就不展示了。
HTTP响应状态吗。
总结：WEB应用性能监控主要从下面两个方面进行监控。
1）HTTP的响应时间，随着互联网的发展，用户体验提升。网站的打开速度监控一定要快，至少要在毫秒级别。
2）HTTP的状态吗，实时监控网站的响应吗是否正常，是否出现了404,500这样的错误，这种错误是用户无法忍受的，如果出现要第一时间解决。
3）由于网络或者其它原因，为了减少误报，建议用下面的触发器，即检测2次如果状态吗不为200或者大于400的时候报警。
{Template HTTP Response:HTTP_ResCode[www.zmzblog.com].count(#2,200,”ne”)}=2
{Template HTTP Response:HTTP_ResCode[www.zmzblog.com].count(#2,400,”ge”)}=2
