我们在设计和开发3D的时候最常用的就是灯光,它有的时候比摄像机还要重要,一些花哨漂亮的表现主要通过灯光实现,相比场景中只有一个的主要摄像机以外,灯光的类型和内容更加丰富,今天暂用小段时间一起研究一下Silverlight3D当中的灯光。下图是具体实现的预览效果:
在开始之前,需要了解一下基本的灯光类型,Balder3D里有三种灯光类型,分别是OmniLight、ViewLight、DirectionalLight,如果玩过3Dmax的朋友应该是相当的熟悉,这些光的表现形式组合构成了游戏世界的绚丽多彩,没有光的世界大家可以通过最后程序实验一下,看看会如何呢。
OmniLight:也称泛光灯或者点光,比较清楚理解,它就是一个点发出的光源
ViewLight:有了方向和目标,除了这个方向方位之内的都不会被照亮
DirectionalLight:是方向光,它是一个方向的照亮
具体内容可以参考下面的图片说明来理解他们,图片截取自3DMAX,资源来源于网络。
有一个好看的灯光,固然重要,但是我们要先学会如何控制它们,今次的代码比较多,涉及到了界面的操作,我将Lesson05代码全部贴上,我的建议还是下载源文件看比较好一些:)
首先新建Lesson05这个控件,XAML代码如下:(下述代码使用Blend工具制作生成)
- <UserControl x:Class="Balder_Studio.Lesson05"
- xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
- xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
- xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
- xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
- mc:Ignorable="d"
- d:DesignHeight="300" d:DesignWidth="400">
- <Grid Background="White">
- <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot"/>
- <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment="Left" Orientation="Vertical" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="199" Height="132">
- <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
- <TextBlock TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="X轴" Width="38" Height="14"/>
- <Slider Height="23" x:Name="slider_axis_x" SmallChange="1" Maximum="100" LargeChange="10" Margin="0" Width="100" Minimum="-100" />
- <TextBlock x:Name="axis_x" TextWrapping="Wrap" Width="38" Height="14" Text="0"/>
- </StackPanel>
- <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
- <TextBlock TextWrapping="Wrap" Width="38" Height="14"><Run Text="Y"/><Run Text="轴"/></TextBlock>
- <Slider Height="23" x:Name="slider_axis_y" SmallChange="1" Maximum="100" LargeChange="10" Margin="0" Width="100" Minimum="-100" />
- <TextBlock x:Name="axis_y" TextWrapping="Wrap" Width="38" Height="14" Text="0"/>
- </StackPanel>
- <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
- <TextBlock TextWrapping="Wrap" Width="38" Height="14"><Run Text="Z"/><Run Text="轴"/></TextBlock>
- <Slider Height="23" x:Name="slider_axis_z" SmallChange="1" Maximum="100" LargeChange="10" Margin="0" Width="100" Minimum="-100" />
- <TextBlock x:Name="axis_z" TextWrapping="Wrap" Width="38" Height="14" Text="0"/>
- </StackPanel>
- <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
- <TextBlock TextWrapping="Wrap" Width="38" Height="14" Text="亮度"/>
- <Slider Height="23" x:Name="slider_Strength" Maximum="2" LargeChange="0.1" Margin="0" Width="100" Value="1" />
- <TextBlock x:Name="StrengthText" Width="38" Height="14" Text="1"/>
- </StackPanel>
- <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
- <TextBlock TextWrapping="Wrap" Width="38" Height="14" Text="类型"/>
- <ComboBox x:Name="LightType" Width="98"/>
- </StackPanel>
- </StackPanel>
- <StackPanel x:Name="LightExSetting" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Orientation="Vertical" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="199" Height="132" Margin="198,0,-2,0" Visibility="Collapsed">
- <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
- <TextBlock TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="偏移/方向X" Width="64" Height="14"/>
- <Slider Height="23" x:Name="slider_axis_x1" SmallChange="1" Maximum="100" LargeChange="10" Margin="0" Width="100" Minimum="-100" />
- <TextBlock x:Name="axis_x1" TextWrapping="Wrap" Width="38" Height="14" Text="0"/>
- </StackPanel>
- <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
- <TextBlock TextWrapping="Wrap" Width="64" Height="14"><Run Text="偏移/方向"/><Run Text="Y"/></TextBlock>
- <Slider Height="23" x:Name="slider_axis_y1" SmallChange="1" Maximum="100" LargeChange="10" Margin="0" Width="100" Minimum="-100" />
- <TextBlock x:Name="axis_y1" TextWrapping="Wrap" Width="38" Height="14" Text="0"/>
- </StackPanel>
- <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
- <TextBlock TextWrapping="Wrap" Width="64" Height="14"><Run FontFamily="Verdana, Arial, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande" Text="偏移/方向"/><Run FontFamily="Verdana, Arial, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande" Text="Z"/></TextBlock>
- <Slider Height="23" x:Name="slider_axis_z1" SmallChange="1" Maximum="100" LargeChange="10" Margin="0" Width="100" Minimum="-100" />
- <TextBlock x:Name="axis_z1" TextWrapping="Wrap" Width="38" Height="14" Text="0"/>
- </StackPanel>
- <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Visibility="Collapsed">
- <TextBlock TextWrapping="Wrap" Width="38" Height="14" Text="亮度"/>
- <Slider Height="23" x:Name="slider_Strength1" Maximum="1" LargeChange="0.1" Margin="0" Width="100" Value="1" />
- <TextBlock x:Name="StrengthText1" Width="38" Height="14" Text="1"/>
- </StackPanel>
- </StackPanel>
- </Grid>
- </UserControl>
- Lesson05.xaml.cs
- using System;
- using System.Windows.Threading;
- using System.Windows.Controls;
- using System.Windows.Media;
- using Balder.Math;
- using Balder.Objects.Geometries;
- using Balder.View;
- using Balder.Lighting;
- using Balder.Execution;
- namespace Balder_Studio
- {
- public partial class Lesson05 : UserControl
- {
- //选择的灯光
- Light _SelectedLight = null;
- public Lesson05()
- {
- InitializeComponent();
- slider_axis_x.ValueChanged += new System.Windows.RoutedPropertyChangedEventHandler<double>(slider_axis_ValueChanged);
- slider_axis_y.ValueChanged += new System.Windows.RoutedPropertyChangedEventHandler<double>(slider_axis_ValueChanged);
- slider_axis_z.ValueChanged += new System.Windows.RoutedPropertyChangedEventHandler<double>(slider_axis_ValueChanged);
- slider_Strength.ValueChanged += new System.Windows.RoutedPropertyChangedEventHandler<double>(slider_axis_ValueChanged);
- slider_axis_x1.ValueChanged += new System.Windows.RoutedPropertyChangedEventHandler<double>(slider_Offset_ValueChanged);
- slider_axis_y1.ValueChanged += new System.Windows.RoutedPropertyChangedEventHandler<double>(slider_Offset_ValueChanged);
- slider_axis_z1.ValueChanged += new System.Windows.RoutedPropertyChangedEventHandler<double>(slider_Offset_ValueChanged);
- OmniLight _OmniLight = new OmniLight();
- ViewLight _ViewLight = new ViewLight();
- DirectionalLight _DirectionalLight = new DirectionalLight() {Direction=new Coordinate(-1,-1,0) };
- //设定在同一个默认位置
- _OmniLight.Position = _ViewLight.Position = _DirectionalLight.Position = new Coordinate(0, 0, 0);
- //最开始的时候都不会亮
- _OmniLight.IsEnabled = _ViewLight.IsEnabled = _DirectionalLight.IsEnabled = false;
- LightType.Items.Add(new TextBlock() { Text = "点光源", Tag = _OmniLight });
- LightType.Items.Add(new TextBlock() { Text = "聚光源", Tag = _ViewLight });
- LightType.Items.Add(new TextBlock() { Text = "方向光", Tag = _DirectionalLight });
- LightType.SelectedIndex = 0;
- LightType.SelectionChanged += new SelectionChangedEventHandler(LightType_SelectionChanged);
- #region L1 - L4的代码
- //L1
- Game game = new Game() { Width = 600, Height = 400 };
- game.Camera = new Camera();
- game.Camera.Position = new Coordinate(100, 120, 150);
- game.Camera.Target = new Coordinate(0, 0, 0);
- #endregion
- game.Children.Add(_OmniLight);
- _OmniLight.IsEnabled = true;
- _SelectedLight = _OmniLight;
- game.Children.Add(_ViewLight);
- game.Children.Add(_DirectionalLight);
- #region L1 - L4的代码
- //L3
- Game_Axis axis_x = new Game_Axis(new Vertex(-300, 0, 0), new Vertex(300, 0, 0), Colors.Red);
- Game_Axis axis_y = new Game_Axis(new Vertex(0, -300, 0), new Vertex(0, 300, 0), Colors.Blue);
- Game_Axis axis_z = new Game_Axis(new Vertex(0, 0, -300), new Vertex(0, 0, 300), Colors.Green);
- //L4
- Balder.Objects.Geometries.Geometry group = new Balder.Objects.Geometries.Geometry() { Name = "MeshGroup" };
- group.InteractionEnabled = true;
- group.Children.Add(axis_x);
- group.Children.Add(axis_y);
- group.Children.Add(axis_z);
- //L2
- Mesh Teapot = new Mesh();
- Teapot.Position = new Coordinate(0, 0, 0);
- Teapot.AssetName = new Uri("/Balder_Studio;component/Res/teapot.ase", UriKind.Relative);
- //L4
- group.Children.Add(Teapot);
- group.Children.Add(new Box() { Dimension = new Coordinate(10, 20, 30), Position = new Coordinate(100, 10, 0), Name = "MyBox" });
- group.Children.Add(new Box() { Dimension = new Coordinate(10, 30, 10), Position = new Coordinate(10, 10, -100) });
- game.Children.Add(group);
- LayoutRoot.Children.Add(game);
- #endregion
- }
- #region 控制灯光的界面事件
- void LightType_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
- {
- //选择一个新的光源之时
- if (_SelectedLight != null)
- _SelectedLight.IsEnabled = false;
- _SelectedLight = ((LightType.SelectedItem as TextBlock).Tag as Light);
- _SelectedLight.IsEnabled = true;
- if (_SelectedLight is OmniLight)
- LightExSetting.Visibility = System.Windows.Visibility.Collapsed;
- else
- LightExSetting.Visibility = System.Windows.Visibility.Visible;
- }
- void slider_axis_ValueChanged(object sender, System.Windows.RoutedPropertyChangedEventArgs<double> e)
- {
- axis_z.Text = ((int)slider_axis_z.Value).ToString();
- _SelectedLight.Position.Z = slider_axis_z.Value;
- axis_y.Text = ((int)slider_axis_y.Value).ToString();
- _SelectedLight.Position.Y = slider_axis_y.Value;
- axis_x.Text = ((int)slider_axis_x.Value).ToString();
- _SelectedLight.Position.X = slider_axis_x.Value;
- StrengthText.Text = slider_Strength.Value.ToString();
- _SelectedLight.Strength = slider_Strength.Value;
- }
- void slider_Offset_ValueChanged(object sender, System.Windows.RoutedPropertyChangedEventArgs<double> e)
- {
- axis_z1.Text = ((int)slider_axis_z1.Value).ToString();
- axis_y1.Text = ((int)slider_axis_y1.Value).ToString();
- axis_x1.Text = ((int)slider_axis_x1.Value).ToString();
- if (_SelectedLight is ViewLight)
- {
- var l = _SelectedLight as ViewLight;
- l.XAngleOffset = slider_axis_x1.Value;
- l.YAngleOffset = slider_axis_y1.Value;
- l.ZAngleOffset = slider_axis_z1.Value;
- }
- else
- {
- var l = _SelectedLight as DirectionalLight;
- var X = slider_axis_x1.Value / slider_axis_x1.Maximum;
- var Y = slider_axis_y1.Value / slider_axis_y1.Maximum;
- var Z = slider_axis_z1.Value / slider_axis_z1.Maximum;
- l.Direction = new Coordinate(X, Y, Z);
- }
- }
- #endregion
- }
- }
我在其中加入了一些注释,希望有用:)细心的朋友可能会发现,这次没有讲解有关灯光颜色的问题,下次我专门写一篇有关颜色的部分,这样看起来更加直观,期望各位能够对Silverlight3D产生一些兴趣,加入这个开发方向上来。
好吧下一步让我们看看运行效果,同时附送本文章的源代码点击这里下载。
工程中如果缺少Balder.dll请在这里快速下载:SL4_Balder.rar
本文转自nowpaper 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/nowpaper/712291