关于Linux下的locale，网上讲这个资料不少，本没必要多说什么。无奈手贱，权当做个笔记吧。以下操作环境为CentOS 6.5
上面列出了系统支持各种区域相关的属性，比如日期，货币。
LC_ALL > LC_* > LANG
[root@node1 ~]# export LC_ALL=zh_CN.utf8
或者修改/etc/sysconfig/i18n
1. 查看当前locale
- [chenhj@node1 ~]$ locale
- LANG=en_US.UTF-8
- LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.UTF8"
- LC_NUMERIC="zh_CN.UTF8"
- LC_TIME="zh_CN.UTF8"
- LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.UTF8"
- LC_MONETARY="zh_CN.UTF8"
- LC_MESSAGES="zh_CN.UTF8"
- LC_PAPER="zh_CN.UTF8"
- LC_NAME="zh_CN.UTF8"
- LC_ADDRESS="zh_CN.UTF8"
- LC_TELEPHONE="zh_CN.UTF8"
- LC_MEASUREMENT="zh_CN.UTF8"
- LC_IDENTIFICATION="zh_CN.UTF8"
- LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF8
2. 设置locale
通过设置环境变量可以随时改变localeLC_ALL > LC_* > LANG
[root@node1 ~]# export LC_ALL=zh_CN.utf8
或者修改/etc/sysconfig/i18n
- [root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/i18n
- LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
- SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"
3.查看系统支持的loacle一览
比如列出所有zh_CN的
/usr/share/i18n/locales/zh_CN:
上面的LC_CTYPE定义了简体中文的汉字分类"hanzi",LC_COLLATE定义了汉字的拼音排序。
还可以再打开拼音排序的定义文件看看
/usr/share/i18n/locales/iso14651_t1_pinyin
一看注释就明白了，确实是按拼音排序的。
/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/GB2312.gz
man localedef
定义一个试试！
创建的locale被添加进了/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive
怎么还是英文消息？
看看它在干嘛！
原来找不到
libc的本地消息资源文件。localedef只是定义了locale的基本内容，每个应用要使用的本地资源还得另外加。
现在从别的地方 先借个过来应急！
再试一下，OK了。
最后把这个临时的locale删掉
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2009-12/23620.htm
http://sysadmin.blog.51cto.com/83876/223870
- [chenhj@node1 ~]$ locale -a|grep zh_CN
- zh_CN
- zh_CN.gb18030
- zh_CN.gb2312
- zh_CN.gbk
- zh_CN.utf8
4. locale的定义在哪里？
在 /usr/share/i18n/locales目录比如zh_CN/usr/share/i18n/locales/zh_CN:
- ...
- LC_CTYPE
- % This is a copy of the "i18n" LC_CTYPE with the following modifications:
- % - Additional classes: hanzi
-
- copy "i18n"
-
- translit_start
- include "translit_combining";""
- translit_end
-
- class "hanzi"; /
- % U3400>..U4DBF>;/
- U4E00>..U9FA5>;/
- UF92C>;UF979>;UF995>;UF9E7>;UF9F1>;UFA0C>;UFA0D>;UFA0E>;/
- UFA0F>;UFA11>;UFA13>;UFA14>;UFA18>;UFA1F>;UFA20>;UFA21>;/
- UFA23>;UFA24>;UFA27>;UFA28>;UFA29>
- END LC_CTYPE
-
- % ISO 14651 collation sequence
- LC_COLLATE
- copy "iso14651_t1_pinyin"
- END LC_COLLATE
- ...
上面的LC_CTYPE定义了简体中文的汉字分类"hanzi",LC_COLLATE定义了汉字的拼音排序。
还可以再打开拼音排序的定义文件看看
/usr/share/i18n/locales/iso14651_t1_pinyin
- LC_COLLATE
-
- copy "iso14651_t1_common"
-
- script HAN>
-
- order_start HAN>;forward;forward;forward;forward,position
- U5416> U5416>;IGNORE;IGNORE;IGNORE #吖104
- U814C> U814C>;IGNORE;IGNORE;IGNORE #腌185
- U9312> U9312>;IGNORE;IGNORE;IGNORE #錒0
- U9515> U9515>;IGNORE;IGNORE;IGNORE #锕7
- U963F> U963F>;IGNORE;IGNORE;IGNORE #阿23237
- U55C4> U55C4>;IGNORE;IGNORE;IGNORE #嗄60
- U554A> U554A>;IGNORE;IGNORE;IGNORE #啊16566
- U54C0> U54C0>;IGNORE;IGNORE;IGNORE #哀4070
- U54CE> U54CE>;IGNORE;IGNORE;IGNORE #哎2473
- ...
一看注释就明白了，确实是按拼音排序的。
5 字符集在哪定义的？
字符集都定义在/usr/share/i18n/charmaps目录下，比如GB2312。/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/GB2312.gz
- code_set_name> GB2312
- mb_cur_max> 2
- mb_cur_min> 1
- comment_char> %
- escape_char> /
- % Chinese charmap for EUC-CN = GB2312 = union of ASCII and GB_2312-80
- % version: 1.0
- % Contact: ha_shao
- % Email: hashao@china.com
- % Distribution and use is free, even for comercial purpose.
- %
- CHARMAP
- U0000> /x00 NULL (NUL)
- U0001> /x01 START OF HEADING (SOH)
- U0002> /x02 START OF TEXT (STX)
- U0003> /x03 END OF TEXT (ETX)
- U0004> /x04 END OF TRANSMISSION (EOT)
- U0005> /x05 ENQUIRY (ENQ)
- U0006> /x06 ACKNOWLEDGE (ACK)
- U0007> /x07 BELL (BEL)
- U0008> /x08 BACKSPACE (BS)
- U0009> /x09 CHARACTER TABULATION (HT)
- ...
6. 创建loacle
前面提到的loacle定义和字符集定义相当于源代码，我们真正使用是基于loacle定义+字符集定义的得到的编译好的locale。创建loacle使用localedefman localedef
- ...
- The localedef program reads the indicated charmap and input files, compiles them to a form usable by the locale(7) functions inthe C library, and places the six output files in the outputpath directory.
- ...
定义一个试试！
- [root@node1 ~]# localedef -f UTF-8 -i zh_CN myzh
- [root@node1 ~]# locale -a|grep myzh
myzh
myzh.utf8
- [root@node1 ~]# grep myzh /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive
- Binary file /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive matches
7. 获取本地化消息
- [root@node1 ~]# export LC_ALL=myzh.utf8
- [root@node1 ~]# ls xx
- ls: cannot access xx: No such file or directory
怎么还是英文消息？
看看它在干嘛！
- [root@node1 ~]# strace -eopen ls xx
- open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3
- open("/lib64/libselinux.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3
- open("/lib64/librt.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3
- open("/lib64/libcap.so.2", O_RDONLY) = 3
- open("/lib64/libacl.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3
- open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3
- open("/lib64/libdl.so.2", O_RDONLY) = 3
- open("/lib64/libpthread.so.0", O_RDONLY) = 3
- open("/lib64/libattr.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3
- open("/proc/filesystems", O_RDONLY) = 3
- open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY) = 3
- open("/usr/share/locale/locale.alias", O_RDONLY) = 3
- open("/usr/share/locale/myzh.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
- open("/usr/share/locale/myzh/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
- ls: cannot access xxopen("/usr/share/locale/myzh.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
- open("/usr/share/locale/myzh/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
- : No such file or directory
现在从别的地方 先借个过来应急！
- [root@node1 ~]# ls /usr/share/locale/myzh
ls: cannot access /usr/share/locale/myzh: No such file or directory
- [root@node1 ~]# ln -sf /usr/share/locale/zh_CN /usr/share/locale/myzh
再试一下，OK了。
- [root@node1 ~]# ls xx
- ls: 无法访问xx: 没有那个文件或目录
最后把这个临时的locale删掉
- [root@node1 ~]# localedef --delete-from-archive myzh
- [root@node1 ~]# rm -f /usr/share/locale/myzh
8 参考
http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/Localehttp://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2009-12/23620.htm
http://sysadmin.blog.51cto.com/83876/223870
