Mybatis中配置Mapper的方法
在这篇文章中我主要想讲一下Mybatis配置文件中mappers元素的配置。关于基础部分的内容可以参考http://elim.iteye.com/blog/1333271。
我们知道在Mybatis中定义Mapper信息有两种方式,一种是利用xml写一个对应的包含Mapper信息的配置文件;另一种就是定义一个Mapper接口,然后定义一些相应的操作方法,再辅以相应的操作注解。
现假设我有这样一个实体类:
package com.tiantian.mybatis.model; public class User { private int id; private String name; private int age; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } }
它对应的数据库表结构是这样的:
然后我要利用Mybatis对它做一个简单的增删改查操作,那么如果利用xml配置Mapper的方式来定义的话,我对应的UserMapper.xml文件会是这样:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.tiantian.mybatis.mapper.UserMapper"> <insert id="insertUser" parameterType="User" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyColumn="id"> insert into t_user(name, age) values(#{name}, #{age}) </insert> <update id="updateUser" parameterType="User"> update t_user set name=#{name}, age=#{age} where id=#{id} </update> <select id="findById" parameterType="int" resultType="User"> select * from t_user where id=#{id} </select> <delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="int"> delete from t_user where id=#{id} </delete> </mapper>
如果使用接口加注解的方式,那么我们的UserMapper接口应该这样定义:
package com.tiantian.mybatis.mapperinterface; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Delete; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Insert; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Update; import com.tiantian.mybatis.model.User; public interface UserMapper { @Insert("insert into t_user(name, age) values(#{name}, #{age})") public void insertUser(User user); @Update("update t_user set name=#{name}, age=#{age} where id=#{id}") public void updateUser(User user); @Select("select * from t_user where id=#{id}") public User findById(int id); @Delete("delete from t_user where id=#{id}") public void deleteUser(int id); }
注意看这里我故意把UserMapper接口的namespace也就是它的包名置为与UserMapper.xml的namespace属性不一样。这主要是为了要更好的讲以下的内容。
接下来要做的就是把Mapper信息注册到Mybatis的配置中,告诉Mybatis我们定义了哪些Mapper信息。这主要是在Mybatis的配置文件中通过mappers元素来进行的。在以前版本的Mybatis中我们在Mybatis的配置文件中需要这样定义Mapper信息资源的位置。
<mappers> <mapper resource="com/tiantian/mybatis/mapper/UserMapper1.xml"/> <mapper url="file:///E:/UserMapper.xml"/> </mappers>
这主要是通过mapper元素的resource和url属性来指定的,resource属性指定的是相对于跟类路径下的资源,url属性指定的是通过URL可以获取到的资源。这有一点不好的地方,当我们使用Mapper接口加注解来定义当前Mapper的操作信息时,我们还需要定义一个与它对应的Mapper.xml文件。如:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.tiantian.mybatis.mapperinterface.UserMapper"> </mapper>
package com.tiantian.mybatis.mapperinterface; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Delete; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Insert; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Update; import com.tiantian.mybatis.model.User; public interface UserMapper { @Insert("insert into t_user(name, age) values(#{name}, #{age})") public void insertUser(User user); @Update("update t_user set name=#{name}, age=#{age} where id=#{id}") public void updateUser(User user); @Select("select * from t_user where id=#{id}") public User findById(int id); @Delete("delete from t_user where id=#{id}") public void deleteUser(int id); }
我发现在现在使用的这个Mybatis3.2.1中这个问题已经得到了改善,现在我们在定义基于接口的定义的Mapper时可以通过一个class属性来指定接口。
<mappers> <mapper class="com.tiantian.mybatis.mapperinterface.UserMapper"/> </mappers>
除了通过class属性指定Mapper接口外,Mybatis还为我们提供了一个可以同时指定多个Mapper接口的方法。在现在的Mybatis版本中我们可以在mappers元素下面定义一个package子元素,用以指定Mapper接口所在的包,这样Mybatis就会把这个包下面的所有Mapper接口都进行注册。
<mappers> <package name="com.tiantian.mybatis.mapperinterface"/> </mappers>
这里的一个package只针对于一个包。当在多个包里面定义有Mapper接口时,我们需要定义对应的多个package元素。
这四种注册Mapper的方式就是我想在这篇文章中表达的。总结一下:
<mappers> <!-- 通过package元素将会把指定包下面的所有Mapper接口进行注册 --> <package name="com.tiantian.mybatis.mapperinterface"/> <!-- 通过mapper元素的resource属性可以指定一个相对于类路径的Mapper.xml文件 --> <mapper resource="com/tiantian/mybatis/mapper/UserMapper.xml"/> <!-- 通过mapper元素的url属性可以指定一个通过URL请求道的Mapper.xml文件 --> <mapper url="file:///E:/UserMapper.xml"/> <!-- 通过mapper元素的class属性可以指定一个Mapper接口进行注册 --> <mapper class="com.tiantian.mybatis.mapperinterface.UserMapper"/> </mappers>
当使用mapper元素进行Mapper定义的时候需要注意:mapper的三个属性resource、url和class对于每个mapper元素只能指定一个,要么指定resource属性,要么指定url属性,要么指定class属性,不能都指定,也不能都不指定。
下面将对上面的代码给出一些对应的测试代码。先贴出测试对应的Mybatis的配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration> <properties resource="config/jdbc.properties"></properties> <typeAliases> <package name="com.tiantian.mybatis.model"/> </typeAliases> <environments default="development"> <environment id="development"> <transactionManager type="JDBC" /> <dataSource type="POOLED"> <property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}" /> <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" /> <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" /> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" /> </dataSource> </environment> </environments> <mappers> <mapper resource="com/tiantian/mybatis/mapper/UserMapper.xml"/> <package name="com.tiantian.mybatis.mapperinterface"/> </mappers> </configuration>
1.对于使用xml方式定义的UserMapper.xml,然后直接使用SqlSession访问定义在其中的statement的测试:
package com.tiantian.mybatis.test; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import com.tiantian.mybatis.model.User; import com.tiantian.mybatis.util.Util; /** * * 这个类主要用来测试直接使用SqlSession访问定义在UserMapper.xml文件中的statement * */ public class UserMapperTest { SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null; @Before public void before() { sqlSessionFactory = Util.getSqlSessionFactory(); } @Test public void testInsert() { SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); try { User user = new User(); user.setName("张三"); user.setAge(30); sqlSession.insert("com.tiantian.mybatis.mapper.UserMapper.insertUser", user); sqlSession.commit(); } finally { sqlSession.close(); } } @Test public void testUpdate() { SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); try { User user = new User(); user.setId(1); user.setName("李四"); user.setAge(34); sqlSession.update("com.tiantian.mybatis.mapper.UserMapper.updateUser", user); sqlSession.commit(); } finally { sqlSession.close(); } } @Test public void testFind() { SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); try { User user = sqlSession.selectOne("com.tiantian.mybatis.mapper.UserMapper.findById", 1); System.out.println(user.getId() + "--" + user.getName() + "--" + user.getAge()); } finally { sqlSession.close(); } } @Test public void testDelele() { SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); try { sqlSession.delete("com.tiantian.mybatis.mapper.UserMapper.deleteUser", 2); sqlSession.commit(); } finally { sqlSession.close(); } } }
2.对于使用Mapper接口加对应的注解来定义的Mapper信息直接使用SqlSession访问Mapper接口中使用注解定义好的statement的测试:
package com.tiantian.mybatis.test; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import com.tiantian.mybatis.model.User; import com.tiantian.mybatis.util.Util; /** * *这个类是测试直接使用SqlSession访问UserMapper接口中使用注解定义好的statement * */ public class UserMapperTest2 { SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null; @Before public void before() { sqlSessionFactory = Util.getSqlSessionFactory(); } @Test public void testInsert() { SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); try { User user = new User(); user.setName("张三"); user.setAge(30); sqlSession.insert("com.tiantian.mybatis.mapperinterface.UserMapper.insertUser", user); sqlSession.commit(); } finally { sqlSession.close(); } } @Test public void testUpdate() { SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); try { User user = new User(); user.setId(1); user.setName("李四"); user.setAge(34); sqlSession.update("com.tiantian.mybatis.mapperinterface.UserMapper.updateUser", user); sqlSession.commit(); } finally { sqlSession.close(); } } @Test public void testFind() { SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); try { User user = sqlSession.selectOne("com.tiantian.mybatis.mapperinterface.UserMapper.findById", 1); System.out.println(user.getId() + "--" + user.getName() + "--" + user.getAge()); } finally { sqlSession.close(); } } @Test public void testDelele() { SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); try { sqlSession.delete("com.tiantian.mybatis.mapperinterface.UserMapper.deleteUser", 3); sqlSession.commit(); } finally { sqlSession.close(); } } }
3.对于使用Mapper接口加注解定义好的Mapper信息通过SqlSession获取其对应的Mapper接口来操作其中定义好的statement的测试:
package com.tiantian.mybatis.test; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import com.tiantian.mybatis.mapperinterface.UserMapper; import com.tiantian.mybatis.model.User; import com.tiantian.mybatis.util.Util; /** * *这个类是测试使用SqlSession获取UserMapper接口来执行使用注解定义在UserMapper接口中的statement * */ public class UserMapperTest3 { SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null; @Before public void before() { sqlSessionFactory = Util.getSqlSessionFactory(); } @Test public void testInsert() { SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); try { User user = new User(); user.setName("张三"); user.setAge(30); UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class); userMapper.insertUser(user); sqlSession.commit(); } finally { sqlSession.close(); } } @Test public void testUpdate() { SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); try { User user = new User(); user.setId(1); user.setName("李四"); user.setAge(34); UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class); userMapper.updateUser(user); sqlSession.commit(); } finally { sqlSession.close(); } } @Test public void testFind() { SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); try { UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class); User user = userMapper.findById(1); System.out.println(user.getId() + "--" + user.getName() + "--" + user.getAge()); } finally { sqlSession.close(); } } @Test public void testDelele() { SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); try { UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class); userMapper.deleteUser(5); sqlSession.commit(); } finally { sqlSession.close(); } } }