Configure Oracle Dataguard Primary-ASM to Physical-ASM

1：配置ASM环境
[root@primary ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/localconfig add
[root@primary ~]# ps -ef |grep css
root 4180 1 0 13:07 ? 00:00:00 /bin/su -l oracle -c sh -c 'cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/log/primary/cssd;ulimit -c unlimited;

exec /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/ocssd '
oracle 4332 4180 0 13:08 ? 00:00:00 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/ocssd.bin
root 4682 4265 0 13:17 pts/1 00:00:00 grep css

[root@primary ~]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/
[root@primary bin]# ./crsctl check crs
CSS appears healthy
Cannot communicate with CRS
Cannot communicate with EVM

[oracle@primary ~]# ps -ef |grep -i asm
oracle 4459 1 0 13:10 ? 00:00:00 asm_pmon_+ASM
oracle 4461 1 0 13:10 ? 00:00:00 asm_psp0_+ASM
oracle 4463 1 0 13:10 ? 00:00:00 asm_mman_+ASM
oracle 4465 1 0 13:10 ? 00:00:00 asm_dbw0_+ASM
oracle 4467 1 0 13:10 ? 00:00:00 asm_lgwr_+ASM
oracle 4469 1 0 13:10 ? 00:00:00 asm_ckpt_+ASM
oracle 4471 1 0 13:10 ? 00:00:00 asm_smon_+ASM
oracle 4473 1 0 13:10 ? 00:00:00 asm_rbal_+ASM
oracle 4475 1 0 13:10 ? 00:00:00 asm_gmon_+ASM
oracle 4665 5702 0 13:16 pts/2 00:00:00 grep -i asm

[oracle@primary ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
[oracle@primary ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn /as sysdba
SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;

INSTANCE_N STATUS
---------- ------------------------------------
+ASM STARTED

SQL> create diskgroup data normal redundancy
2 failgroup fg1 disk
3 '/dev/raw/raw1' name asmdisk1,
4 '/dev/raw/raw2' name asmdisk2
5 failgroup fg2 disk
6 '/dev/raw/raw3' name asmdisk3,
7 '/dev/raw/raw4' name asmdisk4;
Diskgroup created.

SQL> create diskgroup fraexternal redundancy
2 disk '/dev/raw/raw5' name asmdisk5;
Diskgroup created.

SQL> select name,path,failgroup from v$asm_disk;

NAMEPATH FAILGROUP
---------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------
ASMDISK5 /dev/raw/raw5 ASMDISK5
ASMDISK4 /dev/raw/raw4 FG2
ASMDISK3 /dev/raw/raw3 FG2
ASMDISK2 /dev/raw/raw2 FG1
ASMDISK1 /dev/raw/raw1 FG1

SQL> select name,total_mb,free_mb,usable_file_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;

NAMETOTAL_MB FREE_MB USABLE_FILE_MB
---------- ---------- ---------- --------------
DATA 81920 8181430667
FRA 58368 5831858318

2：建库
[oracle@primary ~]$ env |grep ORA
ORACLE_SID=orcl
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME
------------------------------------------
+DATA/orcl/datafile/users.259.765985893
+DATA/orcl/datafile/sysaux.257.765985893
+DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.258.765985893
+DATA/orcl/datafile/system.256.765985891
+DATA/orcl/datafile/example.265.765986057

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER
--------------------------------------------
+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_3.263.765986013
+FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_3.259.765986017
+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.262.765986005
+FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.258.765986009
+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.261.765985997
+FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.257.765986003

SQL> show parameter spfile;

NAMETYPEVALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile string+DATA/orcl/spfileorcl.ora
SQL> show parameter control;

NAMETYPEVALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_file_record_keep_time integer 7
control_files string+DATA/orcl/controlfile/current
.260.765985991, +FRA/orcl/cont
rolfile/current.256.765985991

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination +FRA/orcl
Oldest online log sequence 3
Next log sequence to archive 5
Current log sequence 5

SQL> show parameter db_recovery_file_dest;

NAMETYPEVALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------
db_recovery_file_dest string+FRA
db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 50000M

3：添加standby日志组
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 4 size 50M;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 5 size 50M;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 6 size 50M;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 7 size 50M;

SQL> select member,type from v$logfile;

MEMBERTYPE
-------------------------------------------------- -------
+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_3.263.765986013 ONLINE
+FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_3.259.765986017 ONLINE
+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.262.765986005 ONLINE
+FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.258.765986009 ONLINE
+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.261.765985997 ONLINE
+FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.257.765986003 ONLINE
+DATA/primary/onlinelog/group_4.268.765996737 STANDBY
+FRA/primary/onlinelog/group_4.264.765996743 STANDBY
+DATA/primary/onlinelog/group_5.269.765996751 STANDBY
+FRA/primary/onlinelog/group_5.265.765996757 STANDBY
+DATA/primary/onlinelog/group_6.270.765996763 STANDBY

MEMBERTYPE
-------------------------------------------------- -------
+FRA/primary/onlinelog/group_6.266.765996767 STANDBY
+DATA/primary/onlinelog/group_7.271.765996775 STANDBY
+FRA/primary/onlinelog/group_7.267.765996779 STANDBY

4：配置Data guard相关参数

SQL> alter system set db_unique_name='primary' scope=spfile;
System altered.

SQL> alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(primary,physical)';
System altered.

SQL> show parameter remote_login;

NAMETYPEVALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
remote_login_passwordfile stringEXCLUSIVE

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=+FRA/orcl valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=primary' scope=spfile;
System altered.

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=physical lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role) db_unique_name=physical' scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=enable;
System altered.

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;
System altered.

SQL>alter system set log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc' scope=spfile;
System altered.

SQL> alter system set fal_server='physical';
System altered.

SQL> alter system set fal_client='primary';
System altered.

SQL> alter database force logging;
Database altered
5：配置listener.ora和tnsnames.ora文件(备库上需要做同样的配置)，重启监听器和数据库，确保数据库连接正常
[oracle@primary ~]$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = primary_DGMGRL.yang.com)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.227.20)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)

[oracle@primary ~]$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
primary =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.227.20)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = primary.yang.com)
)
)
physical =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.227.30)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = physical.yang.com)
)
)

[oracle@primary ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown immediate;

[oracle@primary ~]$ lsnrctl stop
[oracle@primary ~]$ lsnrctl start

[oracle@primary ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup

SQL> connsys/123456@primaryas sysdba
Connected.
SQL> show parameter name;

NAMETYPEVALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ----------------------
db_file_name_convert string
db_name stringorcl
db_unique_name stringprimary
global_names booleanFALSE
instance_name stringorcl
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string
service_names stringprimary.yang.com

6:备份主库相关文件
SQL> !mkdir -p /home/oracle/dg_backup
SQL> create pfile='/home/oracle/dg_backup/initorcl.ora' from spfile;
File created.

[oracle@primary ~]$ rman target /
RMAN> backup incremental level 0 format '/home/oracle/dg_backup/dg_%U'
2> tag 'dg_asm' database plus archivelog;
RMAN> backup format '/home/oracle/dg_backup/ctl_asm_%U' current controlfile for standby;

1：配置ASM
[oracle@physical ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
[oracle@physical ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Oct 31 17:18:29 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> select name,path,failgroup from v$asm_disk;

NAMEPATH FAILGROUP
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
ASMDISK5 /dev/raw/raw5 ASMDISK5
ASMDISK4 /dev/raw/raw4 FG2
ASMDISK3 /dev/raw/raw3 FG2
ASMDISK2 /dev/raw/raw2 FG1
ASMDISK1 /dev/raw/raw1 FG1

2：复制主库上的备份数据
[oracle@physical ~]$ scp -rp primary:/home/oracle/dg_backup ./
[oracle@physical ~]$ cat dg_backup/initorcl.ora （修改如下参数）
*.db_unique_name='physical'
*.fal_client='physical'
*.fal_server='primary'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=+FRA/orcl valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=physical'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=primary lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role) db_unique_name=primary'

[oracle@physical ~]$ cp dg_backup/initorcl.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@physical ~]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcl password=123456 entries=5
[oracle@physical ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Oct 31 17:33:30 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> select open_mode,name from v$database;

OPEN_MODENAME
---------- ---------
MOUNTED ORCL

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered

Total System Global Area167772160 bytes
Fixed Size 1218316 bytes
Variable Size 83888372 bytes
Database Buffers 79691776 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

[oracle@physical ~]$ rman targetsys/123456@primaryauxiliary /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Oct 31 17:26:18 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1293766727)
connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck;

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered

验证：
[oracle@physical ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Oct 31 17:43:16 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.

SQL> select sequence#,first_time,next_time,applied from v$archived_log order by 1;

SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIMENEXT_TIME APP
---------- ------------------- ------------------- ---
2 2011-10-31:13:57:04 2011-10-31:14:02:38 NO
3 2011-10-31:14:02:38 2011-10-31:14:24:53 NO
4 2011-10-31:14:24:53 2011-10-31:14:25:57 NO
5 2011-10-31:14:25:57 2011-10-31:15:28:03 NO
6 2011-10-31:15:28:03 2011-10-31:15:29:17 NO
7 2011-10-31:15:29:17 2011-10-31:16:59:50 NO
8 2011-10-31:16:59:50 2011-10-31:17:01:33 YES
7 rows selected.

查看日志信息：
[oracle@physical ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/
[oracle@physical bdump]$ tail -f alert_orcl.log
Archivelog restore complete. Elapsed time: 0:00:01
Archivelog restore complete. Elapsed time: 0:00:00
Archivelog restore complete. Elapsed time: 0:00:01
Archivelog restore complete. Elapsed time: 0:00:02
Archivelog restore complete. Elapsed time: 0:00:03
Archivelog restore complete. Elapsed time: 0:00:06
Archivelog restore complete. Elapsed time: 0:00:00
Mon Oct 31 17:41:33 2011
Media Recovery Log +FRA/orcl/1_8_765985997.arc
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 9

主库上切换日志：
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.

备库上再次查询：
SQL> select sequence#,first_time,next_time,applied from v$archived_log where sequence# >= 8 order by 1;

SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIMENEXT_TIME APP
---------- ------------------- ------------------- ---
8 2011-10-31:16:59:50 2011-10-31:17:01:33 YES
9 2011-10-31:17:01:33 2011-10-31:17:45:49 YES
10 2011-10-31:17:45:49 2011-10-31:17:49:26 YES
11 2011-10-31:17:49:26 2011-10-31:17:50:42 YES

查看日志信息：
[oracle@physical admin]$ tail -f /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log
Fetching gap sequence in thread 1, gap sequence 9-10
Mon Oct 31 17:51:14 2011
RFS[1]: Archived Log: '+FRA/orcl/1_9_765985997.arc'
RFS[1]: Archived Log: '+FRA/orcl/1_10_765985997.arc'
RFS[1]: Archived Log: '+FRA/orcl/1_11_765985997.arc'
Mon Oct 31 17:51:48 2011
Media Recovery Log +FRA/orcl/1_9_765985997.arc
Media Recovery Log +FRA/orcl/1_10_765985997.arc
Media Recovery Log +FRA/orcl/1_11_765985997.arc
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 12

1：数据不同步问题排错
SQL> select sequence#,first_time,next_time,applied from v$archived_log;
no rows selected

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination +FRA/orcl
Oldest online log sequence 0
Next log sequence to archive 0
Current log sequence 0

SQL> select * from v$archive_gap;
no rows selected

[oracle@physical ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/
[oracle@physical bdump]$ ls
alert_orcl.log orcl_arc1_18529.trc orcl_mrp0_18646.trc
[oracle@physical bdump]$ tail -f alert_orcl.log
FAL[client]: Failed to request gap sequence
GAP - thread 1 sequence 8-8
DBID 1293766727 branch 765985997
FAL[client]: All defined FAL servers have been attempted.
-------------------------------------------------------------
Check that the CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME initialization
parameter is defined to a value that is sufficiently large
enough to maintain adequate log switch information to resolve
archivelog gaps.

主库上查看归档日志信息
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination +FRA/orcl
Oldest online log sequence 7
Next log sequence to archive 9
Current log sequence 9

在备库上还原归档日志
RMAN> restore archivelog all;
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/dg_backup/dg_09mqgc7f_1_1
ORA-19870: error reading backup piece /home/oracle/dg_backup/dg_09mqgc7f_1_1
ORA-19504: failed to create file "+FRA/orcl/1_8_765985997.arc"
ORA-17502: ksfdcre:4 Failed to create file +FRA/orcl/1_8_765985997.arc
ORA-15173: entry 'orcl' does not exist in directory '/'
failover to previous backup

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 10/31/2011 17:39:52
RMAN-06026: some targets not found - aborting restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 8 lowscn 489318 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 7 lowscn 485345 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 6 lowscn 485300 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 5 lowscn 482789 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 4 lowscn 482752 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 3 lowscn 479773 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 2 lowscn 472799 found to restore

[oracle@physical dg_backup]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
[oracle@physical dg_backup]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> cd FRA
ASMCMD> ls
PHYSICAL/
ASMCMD> mkdir orcl
ASMCMD> ls
PHYSICAL/
orcl/

RMAN> restore archivelog all;
ASMCMD> cd orcl
ASMCMD> ls
1_2_765985997.arc
1_3_765985997.arc
1_4_765985997.arc
1_5_765985997.arc
1_6_765985997.arc
1_7_765985997.arc
1_8_765985997.arc

2:关闭主库后，重启物理备库，报错如下,找不到控制文件
SQL> startup mount
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

[oracle@physical dbs]$ grep-i control_files initorcl.ora //该路径需要和asmcmd命令找到的控制文件路径一致
*.control_files='+DATA/physical/controlfile/Current.256.765999025','+FRA/physcial/controlfile/backup.256.765999027'

SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area167772160 bytes
Fixed Size 1218316 bytes
Variable Size 83888372 bytes
Database Buffers 79691776 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.

配置物理备库以spfile方式启动，spfile不使用ASM管理
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
File created.

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
Database altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup mount

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.

SQL> show parameter spfile;

NAMETYPEVALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile string/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0
/db_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora

3：配置ASM报错如下
[root@physical ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/localconfig add
/etc/oracle does not exist. Creating it now.
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
Operation successful.
Configuration for local CSS has been initialized

Adding to inittab
Startup will be queued to init within 90 seconds.
Checking the status of new Oracle init process...
Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within 600 seconds.
Giving up: Oracle CSS stack appears NOT to be running.
Oracle CSS service would not start as installed
Automatic Storage Management(ASM) cannot be used until Oracle CSS service is started

[root@physical ~]# /etc/init.d/init.cssd run >/dev/null 2>&1 [1] 16323
[root@physical ~]# ps -ef |grep css
root 16323 14445 0 16:22 pts/2 00:00:00 /bin/sh /etc/init.d/init.cssd run
root 16338 16323 0 16:22 pts/2 00:00:00 /bin/sh /etc/init.d/init.cssd startcheck
root 16406 14445 0 16:22 pts/2 00:00:00 grep css

[root@physical ~]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/
[root@physical bin]# ./crsctl check crs
Failure 1 contacting CSS daemon
Cannot communicate with CRS
Cannot communicate with EVM
[root@physical bin]# ./crsctl start crs
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly

[root@physical bin]# ./crsctl check crs
CSS appears healthy
Cannot communicate with CRS
Cannot communicate with EVM

4：物理备库standby日志组invalid问题排错
主库：
SQL> select member,type from v$logfile;

MEMBERTYPE
------------------------------------------------------------ ----------
+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_3.263.765986013 ONLINE
+FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_3.259.765986017 ONLINE
+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.262.765986005 ONLINE
+FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.258.765986009 ONLINE
+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.261.765985997 ONLINE
+FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.257.765986003 ONLINE
+DATA/primary/onlinelog/group_4.268.765996737 STANDBY
+FRA/primary/onlinelog/group_4.264.765996743 STANDBY
+DATA/primary/onlinelog/group_5.269.765996751 STANDBY
+FRA/primary/onlinelog/group_5.265.765996757 STANDBY
+DATA/primary/onlinelog/group_6.270.765996763 STANDBY

MEMBERTYPE
------------------------------------------------------------ ----------
+FRA/primary/onlinelog/group_6.266.765996767 STANDBY
+DATA/primary/onlinelog/group_7.271.765996775 STANDBY
+FRA/primary/onlinelog/group_7.267.765996779 STANDBY

备库：
SQL> select member,type from v$logfile;

MEMBERTYPE
------------------------------------------------------------ ----------
+DATA/physical/onlinelog/group_3.264.765999293 ONLINE
+FRA/physical/onlinelog/group_3.259.765999299 ONLINE
+DATA/physical/onlinelog/group_2.263.765999285 ONLINE
+FRA/physical/onlinelog/group_2.258.765999291 ONLINE
+DATA/physical/onlinelog/group_1.262.765999279 ONLINE
+FRA/physical/onlinelog/group_1.257.765999283 ONLINE
+DATA STANDBY
+FRA