Fork/Join 框架:就是在必要的情况下,将一个大任务,进行拆分(fork)成若干个小任务(拆到不可再拆时),再将一个个的小任务运算的结果进行 join 汇总。
Fork/Join 框架与线程池的区别
- 采用 “工作窃取”模式(work-stealing):当执行新的任务时它可以将其拆分分成更小的任务执行,并将小任务加到线程队列中,然后再从一个随机线程的队列中偷一个并把它放在自己的队列中。
- 相对于一般的线程池实现,fork/join框架的优势体现在对其中包含的任务的处理方式上.在一般的线程池中,如果一个线程正在执行的任务由于某些原因无法继续运行,那么该线程会处于等待状态。而在fork/join框架实现中,如果某个子问题由于等待另外一个子问题的完成而无法继续运行。那么处理该子问题的线程会主动寻找其他尚未运行的子问题来执行.这种方式减少了线程的等待时间,提高了性能。
ForkJoinPool封装类:
package com.company;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;
import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask;
public final class ForkJoinPoolUtils { private static final int CPUS_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(); private ForkJoinPoolUtils(){} public static <T> T executeInDedicatedThreadPool(Callable<T> task){ return executeInDedicatedThreadPool(task, CPUS_COUNT); } public static <T> T invokeInDedicatedThreadPool(ForkJoinTask<T> task){ return new ForkJoinPool(CPUS_COUNT).invoke(task); } public static <T> T executeInDedicatedThreadPool(Callable<T> task, int threadsCount){ try{ return new ForkJoinPool(threadsCount).submit(task).get(); } catch( ExecutionException execEx ){ throw new IllegalStateException(execEx); } catch(InterruptedException interEx ){ Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); throw new IllegalStateException(interEx); } } }
使用forkJoinPool Demo:
package com.company;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask;
import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveTask;
public class TestForkJoinPool { public static void main(String[] args) { Instant start = Instant.now(); ForkJoinTask<Long> task = new ForkJoinSumCalculate(0L, 500000000L); Long sum = ForkJoinPoolUtils.invokeInDedicatedThreadPool(task); System.out.println(sum); Instant end = Instant.now(); System.out.println("耗费时间为:" + Duration.between(start, end).toMillis());//166-1996-10590 } } class ForkJoinSumCalculate extends RecursiveTask<Long> { private static final long serialVersionUID = -259195479995561737L; private long start; private long end; private static final long THURSHOLD = 10000L; //临界值 public ForkJoinSumCalculate(long start, long end) { this.start = start; this.end = end; } @Override protected Long compute() { long length = end - start; if (length <= THURSHOLD) { long sum = 0L; for (long i = start; i <= end; i++) { sum += i; } return sum; } else { long middle = (start + end) / 2; ForkJoinSumCalculate left = new ForkJoinSumCalculate(start, middle); left.fork(); //进行拆分,同时压入线程队列 ForkJoinSumCalculate right = new ForkJoinSumCalculate(middle + 1, end); right.fork(); // return left.join() + right.join(); } } }
结果:
125000000250000000
耗费时间为:204