Apache—DBUtils简介
commons-dbutils 是 Apache 组织提供的一个开源 JDBC工具类库，它是对JDBC的简单封装，学习成本极低，并且使用dbutils能极大简化jdbc编码的工作量，同时也不会影响程序的性能。
API介绍：
org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner
org.apache.commons.dbutils.ResultSetHandler
工具类
org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils
如下利用DbUtils进行常用操作的封装：
DAO接口：
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.List; /** * 访问数据的 DAO 接口. * 里边定义好访问数据表的各种方法 * @param T: DAO 处理的实体类的类型. */ public interface DAO<T> { /** * 批量处理的方法 * @param connection * @param sql * @param args: 填充占位符的 Object [] 类型的可变参数. * @throws SQLException */ void batch(Connection connection, String sql, Object [] ... args) throws SQLException; /** * 返回具体的一个值, 例如总人数, 平均工资, 某一个人的 email 等. * @param connection * @param sql * @param args * @return * @throws SQLException */ <E> E getForValue(Connection connection, String sql, Object ... args) throws SQLException; /** * 返回 T 的一个集合 * @param connection * @param sql * @param args * @return * @throws SQLException */ List<T> getForList(Connection connection, String sql, Object ... args) throws SQLException; /** * 返回一个 T 的对象 * @param connection * @param sql * @param args * @return * @throws SQLException */ T get(Connection connection, String sql, Object ... args) throws SQLException; /** * INSRET, UPDATE, DELETE * @param connection: 数据库连接 * @param sql: SQL 语句 * @param args: 填充占位符的可变参数. * @throws SQLException */ void update(Connection connection, String sql, Object ... args) throws SQLException; }
实现DAO类：
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.List; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ScalarHandler; /** * 使用 QueryRunner 提供其具体的实现 * @param <T>: 子类需传入的泛型类型. */ public class JdbcDaoImpl<T> implements DAO<T> { private QueryRunner queryRunner = null; private Class<T> type; public JdbcDaoImpl() { queryRunner = new QueryRunner(); type = ReflectionUtils.getSuperGenericType(getClass()); } @Override public void batch(Connection connection, String sql, Object[]... args) throws SQLException { queryRunner.batch(connection, sql, args); } @Override public <E> E getForValue(Connection connection, String sql, Object... args) throws SQLException { return (E) queryRunner.query(connection, sql, new ScalarHandler(), args); } @Override public List<T> getForList(Connection connection, String sql, Object... args) throws SQLException { return queryRunner.query(connection, sql, new BeanListHandler<>(type), args); } @Override public T get(Connection connection, String sql, Object... args) throws SQLException { return queryRunner.query(connection, sql, new BeanHandler<>(type), args); } @Override public void update(Connection connection, String sql, Object... args) throws SQLException { queryRunner.update(connection, sql, args); } }
public class CustomerDao extends JdbcDaoImpl<Customer>{ }
Customer.java对象类：
import java.sql.Date; public class Customer { private Integer id; private String name; private String email; private Date birth; public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getCustomerName() { return name; } public void setCustomerName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override public String toString() { return "Customer [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", email=" + email + ", birth=" + birth + "]"; } public Customer(Integer id, String name, String email, Date birth) { super(); this.id = id; this.name = name; this.email = email; this.birth = birth; } public Customer() { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } }
调用示例：
@Test public void testGet() { Connection connection = null; try { connection = JDBCTools.getConnection(); String sql = "SELECT id, name customerName, " + "email, birth FROM customers " + "WHERE id = ?"; Customer customer = customerDao.get(connection, sql, 5); System.out.println(customer); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally{ JDBCTools.releaseDB(null, null, connection); } }
相关反射类：
import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.lang.reflect.Modifier; import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType; import java.lang.reflect.Type; /** * 反射的 Utils 函数集合 * 提供访问私有变量, 获取泛型类型 Class, 提取集合中元素属性等 Utils 函数 * @author Administrator * */ public class ReflectionUtils { /** * 通过反射, 获得定义 Class 时声明的父类的泛型参数的类型 * 如: public EmployeeDao extends BaseDao<Employee, String> * @param clazz * @param index * @return */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static Class getSuperClassGenricType(Class clazz, int index){ Type genType = clazz.getGenericSuperclass(); if(!(genType instanceof ParameterizedType)){ return Object.class; } Type [] params = ((ParameterizedType)genType).getActualTypeArguments(); if(index >= params.length || index < 0){ return Object.class; } if(!(params[index] instanceof Class)){ return Object.class; } return (Class) params[index]; } /** * 通过反射, 获得 Class 定义中声明的父类的泛型参数类型 * 如: public EmployeeDao extends BaseDao<Employee, String> * @param <T> * @param clazz * @return */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static<T> Class<T> getSuperGenericType(Class clazz){ return getSuperClassGenricType(clazz, 0); } /** * 循环向上转型, 获取对象的 DeclaredMethod * @param object * @param methodName * @param parameterTypes * @return */ public static Method getDeclaredMethod(Object object, String methodName, Class<?>[] parameterTypes){ for(Class<?> superClass = object.getClass(); superClass != Object.class; superClass = superClass.getSuperclass()){ try { //superClass.getMethod(methodName, parameterTypes); return superClass.getDeclaredMethod(methodName, parameterTypes); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { //Method 不在当前类定义, 继续向上转型 } //.. } return null; } /** * 使 filed 变为可访问 * @param field */ public static void makeAccessible(Field field){ if(!Modifier.isPublic(field.getModifiers())){ field.setAccessible(true); } } /** * 循环向上转型, 获取对象的 DeclaredField * @param object * @param filedName * @return */ public static Field getDeclaredField(Object object, String filedName){ for(Class<?> superClass = object.getClass(); superClass != Object.class; superClass = superClass.getSuperclass()){ try { return superClass.getDeclaredField(filedName); } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) { //Field 不在当前类定义, 继续向上转型 } } return null; } /** * 直接调用对象方法, 而忽略修饰符(private, protected) * @param object * @param methodName * @param parameterTypes * @param parameters * @return * @throws InvocationTargetException * @throws IllegalArgumentException */ public static Object invokeMethod(Object object, String methodName, Class<?> [] parameterTypes, Object [] parameters) throws InvocationTargetException{ Method method = getDeclaredMethod(object, methodName, parameterTypes); if(method == null){ throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not find method [" + methodName + "] on target [" + object + "]"); } method.setAccessible(true); try { return method.invoke(object, parameters); } catch(IllegalAccessException e) { System.out.println("不可能抛出的异常"); } return null; } /** * 直接设置对象属性值, 忽略 private/protected 修饰符, 也不经过 setter * @param object * @param fieldName * @param value */ public static void setFieldValue(Object object, String fieldName, Object value){ Field field = getDeclaredField(object, fieldName); if (field == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not find field [" + fieldName + "] on target [" + object + "]"); makeAccessible(field); try { field.set(object, value); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { System.out.println("不可能抛出的异常"); } } /** * 直接读取对象的属性值, 忽略 private/protected 修饰符, 也不经过 getter * @param object * @param fieldName * @return */ public static Object getFieldValue(Object object, String fieldName){ Field field = getDeclaredField(object, fieldName); if (field == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not find field [" + fieldName + "] on target [" + object + "]"); makeAccessible(field); Object result = null; try { result = field.get(object); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { System.out.println("不可能抛出的异常"); } return result; } }
