1.Socket地址复用
int getsockopt(int sockfd, int level, int optname,
void *optval, socklen_t *optlen);
int setsockopt(int sockfd, int level, int optname,
const void *optval, socklen_t optlen);
服务端尽可能使用SO_REUSEADDR,在绑定之前尽可能调用setsockopt来设置SO_REUSEADDR套接字选项。该选项可以使得server不必等待TIME_WAIT状态消失就可以重启服务器(对于TIME_WAIT状态会在后面续有叙述).
可以在bind之前添加代码(完整代码请参照博文最后):
int on = 1;
if (setsockopt(listenfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,
&on,sizeof(on)) == -1)
err_exit("setsockopt SO_REUSEADDR error");
用以支持地址复用.
2.process-per-connecton
我们的echo服务器最大的缺点就是无法支持多客户连接,即使客户端能够连接到服务器上(client端connect时并没有出错返回), 服务器也不为该客户做服务,(直接没什么反应),虽然链接是有的(也就是说,客户端是已经连接到服务器上的了,但是服务器就是不搭理你....), 我们提出的改进方案是process-per-connection(一条连接一个进程, 我们在多线程那一章中曾经提出过一条连接一个线程, 这种方案相比较而言能够比多进程拥有更高的并发量);
/** 示例:echo server改进, 多进程模型(client并未更改)**/
void echo(int clientfd);
int main()
{
int listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (listenfd == -1)
err_exit("socket error");
int on = 1;
if (setsockopt(listenfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,
&on,sizeof(on)) == -1)
err_exit("setsockopt SO_REUSEADDR error");
struct sockaddr_in addr;
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_port = htons(8001);
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
if (bind(listenfd, (const struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1)
err_exit("bind error");
if (listen(listenfd, SOMAXCONN) == -1)
err_exit("listen error");
struct sockaddr_in clientAddr;
//谨记: 此处一定要初始化
socklen_t addrLen = sizeof(clientAddr);
while (true)
{
int clientfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&clientAddr, &addrLen);
if (clientfd == -1)
err_exit("accept error");
//打印客户IP地址与端口号
cout << "Client information: " << inet_ntoa(clientAddr.sin_addr)
<< ", " << ntohs(clientAddr.sin_port) << endl;
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid == -1)
err_exit("fork error");
else if (pid > 0)
close(clientfd);
//子进程处理链接
else if (pid == 0)
{
close(listenfd);
echo(clientfd);
//子进程一定要exit, 否则的话, 该子进程也会回到accept处
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
}
close(listenfd);
}
void echo(int clientfd)
{
char buf[512] = {0};
int readBytes;
while ((readBytes = read(clientfd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0)
{
cout << buf;
if (write(clientfd, buf, readBytes) == -1)
err_exit("write socket error");
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
}
if (readBytes == 0)
{
cerr << "client connect closed..." << endl;
close(clientfd);
}
else if (readBytes == -1)
err_exit("read socket error");
}
完整代码实现:
http://download.csdn.net/detail/hanqing280441589/8458053
3. P2P聊天程序设计与实现
server端与client都有两个进程:
(1)父进程负责从socket中读取数据将其写至终端, 由于父进程使用的是read系统调用的阻塞版本, 因此如果socket中没有数据的话, 父进程会一直阻塞; 如果read返回0, 表示对端连接关闭, 则父进程会发送SIGUSR1信号给子进程, 通知其退出;
(2)子进程负责从键盘读取数据将其写入socket, 如果键盘没有数据的话, 则fgets调用会一直阻塞;
//serever端代码与说明
int main()
{
int listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (listenfd == -1)
err_exit("socket error");
int on = 1;
if (setsockopt(listenfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,
&on,sizeof(on)) == -1)
err_exit("setsockopt SO_REUSEADDR error");
struct sockaddr_in addr;
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_port = htons(8001);
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
if (bind(listenfd, (const struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1)
err_exit("bind error");
if (listen(listenfd, SOMAXCONN) == -1)
err_exit("listen error");
struct sockaddr_in clientAddr;
socklen_t addrLen = sizeof(clientAddr);
int clientfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&clientAddr, &addrLen);
if (clientfd == -1)
err_exit("accept error");
close(listenfd);
//打印客户IP地址与端口号
cout << "Client information: " << inet_ntoa(clientAddr.sin_addr)
<< ", " << ntohs(clientAddr.sin_port) << endl;
char buf[512] = {0};
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid == -1)
err_exit("fork error");
//父进程: socket -> terminal
else if (pid > 0)
{
int readBytes;
while ((readBytes = read(clientfd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0)
{
cout << buf;
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
}
if (readBytes == 0)
cout << "client connect closed...\nserver exiting..." << endl;
else if (readBytes == -1)
err_exit("read socket error");
//通知子进程退出
kill(pid, SIGUSR1);
}
//子进程: keyboard -> socket
else if (pid == 0)
{
signal(SIGUSR1, sigHandler);
while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) != NULL)
{
if (write(clientfd, buf, strlen(buf)) == -1)
err_exit("write socket error");
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
}
}
close(clientfd);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
//client端代码与说明
int main()
{
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sockfd == -1)
err_exit("socket error");
//填写服务器端口号与IP地址
struct sockaddr_in serverAddr;
serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serverAddr.sin_port = htons(8001);
serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
if (connect(sockfd, (const struct sockaddr *)&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr)) == -1)
err_exit("connect error");
char buf[512] = {0};
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid == -1)
err_exit("fork error");
//父进程: socket -> terminal
else if (pid > 0)
{
int readBytes;
while ((readBytes = read(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0)
{
cout << buf;
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
}
if (readBytes == 0)
cout << "server connect closed...\nclient exiting..." << endl;
else if (readBytes == -1)
err_exit("read socket error");
kill(pid, SIGUSR1);
}
//子进程: keyboard -> socket
else if (pid == 0)
{
signal(SIGUSR1, sigHandler);
while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) != NULL)
{
if (write(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf)) == -1)
err_exit("write socket error");
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
}
}
close(sockfd);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
完整代码实现:
