Swift 3.0封装 URLSession 的GET/SET方法代替 Alamofire

升级到 Swift3.0 之后，新版本的 Alamofire 只支持 iOS 9.0 以上的系统，如果要适配 iOS 8，需要自己封装 URLSession，下面是笔者的方案：
这里使用的是 Swift 自己的原生类型 URLSession，而不是NSURLSession。
Alamofire 4.0 中的request方法的参数列表如下：

public func request(
    _ url: URLConvertible,
    method: HTTPMethod = .get,
    parameters: Parameters? = nil,
    encoding: ParameterEncoding = URLEncoding.default,
    headers: HTTPHeaders? = nil)
    -> DataRequest

method参数的类型是HTTPMethod，这个是系统类型，可以从外部传值，默认值是get。在request方法的方法体中，调用SessionManager.default.request方法，接受了全部的外部参数，并返回一个组装好的 DataRequest对象：

public func request(
    _ url: URLConvertible,
    method: HTTPMethod = .get,
    parameters: Parameters? = nil,
    encoding: ParameterEncoding = URLEncoding.default,
    headers: HTTPHeaders? = nil)
    -> DataRequest
{
    return SessionManager.default.request(
        url,
        method: method,
        parameters: parameters,
        encoding: encoding,
        headers: headers
    )
}

SessionManager.default.request方法的实现如下：

@discardableResult
    open func request(
        _ url: URLConvertible,
        method: HTTPMethod = .get,
        parameters: Parameters? = nil,
        encoding: ParameterEncoding = URLEncoding.default,
        headers: HTTPHeaders? = nil)
        -> DataRequest
    {
        do {
            let urlRequest = try URLRequest(url: url, method: method, headers: headers)
            let encodedURLRequest = try encoding.encode(urlRequest, with: parameters)
            return request(encodedURLRequest)
        } catch {
            return request(failedWith: error)
        }
    }

这个方法主要完成的工作是加工request：使用url、method和headers三个参数创建一个URLRequest对象，然后把参数parameters中保存的HTTP请求携带的参数按照encoding所指定的编码方式进行编码得到最终的URLRequest对象，只有这两步都顺利完成了编码才算成功。成功后调用另一个重载的request方法，这个方法接受request字面量，可以直接传入生成的URLRequest对象。失败的情况下调用的是另一个重载的request方法，接受一个Error类型，实际上所有失败的情况下都会调用这个request方法。
所有重载版本的request方法最后都会返回一个 DataRequest类型，这个DataRequest是Alamofire封装的request对象，绕的有点晕。如果你准备自己封装，需要创建一个URLRequest对象代替DataRequest，这里我用了SwiftyJSON库，用来序列化网络返回的结果：

func httpRequest(url:String,method:HTTPMethod,parameters:[String:Any]?,completion:@escaping (_ json:JSON?,_ error:Error?)-> Void) {
    //HTTP头部需要传入的信息，如果没有可以省略
    var head:[String:String]?
    //生成session
    let config = URLSessionConfiguration.default
    let session = URLSession(configuration: config)
    let trueURL = URL(url)!
    //请求成功时需要调用的代码封装为一个嵌套的方法，以便复用
    func success(json:JSON){
        completion(json,nil)
    }
    //同理请求失败需要执行的代码
    func fail(error:Error,json:JSON){    
        completion(json,error)
    }
    do {
        //自己封装一个request
        let request = try URLRequest(url: trueURL, method: method, headers: head)
        //这里我没有设置参数，使用了默认的编码方式
        let encodedURLRequest = try URLEncoding.default.encode(request, with: parameters)
        //生成一个dataTask
        let dataTask = session.dataTask(with: encodedURLRequest) { (data, response, error) in
        //下面是回调部分，需要手动切换线程
            DispatchQueue.main.async {
               //处理回调
            }  
        }
        defer{
            dataTask.resume()
        }
    }
    catch {
        print(error)
    }

}

Alamofire的调用是函数式的，使用Alamofire请求返回一个son格式的数据的时候使用的是 responseJSON 方法，原来的格式大致如下：

        Alamofire.request(URL,method: .get,parameters:parameters,encoding:URLEncoding.default,headers:head).validate().responseJSON { response in
            switch response.result {
            case .success:
                //成功的操作
                //调用completion(json,error)
            case .failure(let error):
                //失败的操作        
                //调用completion(json,error)
            }    
        }

responseJSON方法的回调是基于result的状态的，但是原生的URLResponse对象没有这个状态，所以你需要自己去判断成功与失败的状态：

func httpRequest(url:String,method:HTTPMethod,parameters:[String:Any]?,completion:@escaping (_ json:JSON?,_ error:Error?)-> Void) {
    var head:[String:String]?
    //自定义HTTP头
    let config = URLSessionConfiguration.default
    let session = URLSession(configuration: config)
    let trueURL = URL(string: baseURL + url)!

    func success(json:JSON){
        completion(json,nil)
    }
    func fail(error:Error,json:JSON){
       //错误处理
        completion(json,error)
    }
    do {

        let request = try URLRequest(url: trueURL, method: method, headers: head)
        let encodedURLRequest = try URLEncoding.default.encode(request, with: parameters)
        let dataTask = session.dataTask(with: encodedURLRequest) { (data, response, error) in
            DispatchQueue.main.async {
            //下面的几种情况参照了responseJSON方法的实现
                guard error == nil else {
                    fail(error: error!, json:JSON(NSNull()))
                    return
                }
                if let response = response as? HTTPURLResponse, [204, 205].contains(response.statusCode) {
                    success(json: JSON(NSNull()))
                    return
                }

                guard let validData = data, validData.count > 0 else {
                    fail(error:AFError.responseSerializationFailed(reason: .inputDataNil),json: JSON(NSNull()))
                    return
                }
                //使用了SwiftyJSON的构造器
                let js = JSON(data: validData)
                success(json: js)
            }

        }
        defer{
            dataTask.resume()
        }
    }
    catch {
        print(error)
    }

}

此时如果删掉

import Alamofire

会发现有几处报错的地方，这是因为我们仍旧在使用Alamofire中的代码，首先HTTPMethod这个枚举类型是定义在Alamofire中的，因为原生API中指定HTTP方法使用的是字符串格式，编译器不会帮你检查错误，你可以把HTTPMethod的定义拷贝出来：

public enum HTTPMethod: String {
    case options = "OPTIONS"
    case get     = "GET"
    case head    = "HEAD"
    case post    = "POST"
    case put     = "PUT"
    case patch   = "PATCH"
    case delete  = "DELETE"
    case trace   = "TRACE"
    case connect = "CONNECT"
}

然后我们创建的URLRequest使用的实际上是Alamofire扩展的URLRequest，你需要自己动手写一个扩展，实现一个相同的构造器：

extension URLRequest {
    public init(url: URL, method: HTTPMethod, headers: [String: String]? = nil)  {
        self.init(url: url)
        httpMethod = method.rawValue
        if let headers = headers {
            for (headerField, headerValue) in headers {
                setValue(headerValue, forHTTPHeaderField: headerField)
            }
        }
    }
}

下一个问题是，Alamofire封装了一套把参数写进HTTP请求的编码方法，也就是你调用的：

let encodedURLRequest = try URLEncoding.default.encode(request, with: parameters)

这个方法中非常多依赖的方法，罗列如下：

public typealias Parameters = [String: Any]
public func escape(_ string: String) -> String {
    let generalDelimitersToEncode = ":#[]@" // does not include "?" or "/" due to RFC 3986 - Section 3.4
    let subDelimitersToEncode = "!$&'()*+,;="

    var allowedCharacterSet = CharacterSet.urlQueryAllowed
    allowedCharacterSet.remove(charactersIn: "\(generalDelimitersToEncode)\(subDelimitersToEncode)")

    return string.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: allowedCharacterSet) ?? string
}

public func queryComponents(fromKey key: String, value: Any) -> [(String, String)] {
    var components: [(String, String)] = []

    if let dictionary = value as? [String: Any] {
        for (nestedKey, value) in dictionary {
            components += queryComponents(fromKey: "\(key)[\(nestedKey)]", value: value)
        }
    } else if let array = value as? [Any] {
        for value in array {
            components += queryComponents(fromKey: "\(key)[]", value: value)
        }
    } else if let value = value as? NSNumber {
        if value.isBool {
            components.append((escape(key), escape((value.boolValue ? "1" : "0"))))
        } else {
            components.append((escape(key), escape("\(value)")))
        }
    } else if let bool = value as? Bool {
        components.append((escape(key), escape((bool ? "1" : "0"))))
    } else {
        components.append((escape(key), escape("\(value)")))
    }

    return components
}


 func query(_ parameters: [String: Any]) -> String {
    var components: [(String, String)] = []

    for key in parameters.keys.sorted(by: <) {
        let value = parameters[key]!
        components += queryComponents(fromKey: key, value: value)
    }

    return components.map { "\($0)=\($1)" }.joined(separator: "&")
}

 func encodesParametersInURL(with method: HTTPMethod) -> Bool {

    switch method {
    case .get, .head, .delete:
        return true
    default:
        return false
    }
}

public func encode(_ urlRequest: URLRequest, with parameters: Parameters?) throws-> URLRequest {
    var urlRequest = urlRequest
    guard let parameters = parameters else { return urlRequest }

    if let method = HTTPMethod(rawValue: urlRequest.httpMethod ?? "GET"), encodesParametersInURL(with: method) {
        guard let url = urlRequest.url else {
            throw AFError.parameterEncodingFailed(reason: .missingURL)
        }

        if var urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: false), !parameters.isEmpty {
            let percentEncodedQuery = (urlComponents.percentEncodedQuery.map { $0 + "&" } ?? "") + query(parameters)
            urlComponents.percentEncodedQuery = percentEncodedQuery
            urlRequest.url = urlComponents.url
        }
    } else {
        if urlRequest.value(forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type") == nil {
            urlRequest.setValue("application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
        }

        urlRequest.httpBody = query(parameters).data(using: .utf8, allowLossyConversion: false)
    }

    return urlRequest
}

extension NSNumber {
    fileprivate var isBool: Bool { return CFBooleanGetTypeID() == CFGetTypeID(self) }
}

这一系列方法抛出的错误也是Alamofire自己定义的，拷贝出来：

public enum AFError: Error {
    public enum ParameterEncodingFailureReason {
        case missingURL
        case jsonEncodingFailed(error: Error)
        case propertyListEncodingFailed(error: Error)
    }

    public enum MultipartEncodingFailureReason {
        case bodyPartURLInvalid(url: URL)
        case bodyPartFilenameInvalid(in: URL)
        case bodyPartFileNotReachable(at: URL)
        case bodyPartFileNotReachableWithError(atURL: URL, error: Error)
        case bodyPartFileIsDirectory(at: URL)
        case bodyPartFileSizeNotAvailable(at: URL)
        case bodyPartFileSizeQueryFailedWithError(forURL: URL, error: Error)
        case bodyPartInputStreamCreationFailed(for: URL)

        case outputStreamCreationFailed(for: URL)
        case outputStreamFileAlreadyExists(at: URL)
        case outputStreamURLInvalid(url: URL)
        case outputStreamWriteFailed(error: Error)

        case inputStreamReadFailed(error: Error)
    }

    public enum ResponseValidationFailureReason {
        case dataFileNil
        case dataFileReadFailed(at: URL)
        case missingContentType(acceptableContentTypes: [String])
        case unacceptableContentType(acceptableContentTypes: [String], responseContentType: String)
        case unacceptableStatusCode(code: Int)
    }

    public enum ResponseSerializationFailureReason {
        case inputDataNil
        case inputDataNilOrZeroLength
        case inputFileNil
        case inputFileReadFailed(at: URL)
        case stringSerializationFailed(encoding: String.Encoding)
        case jsonSerializationFailed(error: Error)
        case propertyListSerializationFailed(error: Error)
    }

    case invalidURL(url: URL)
    case parameterEncodingFailed(reason: ParameterEncodingFailureReason)
    case multipartEncodingFailed(reason: MultipartEncodingFailureReason)
    case responseValidationFailed(reason: ResponseValidationFailureReason)
    case responseSerializationFailed(reason: ResponseSerializationFailureReason)
}

现在报错的代码部分修改为：

func httpRequest(url:String,method:HTTPMethod,parameters:[String:Any]?,completion:@escaping (_ json:JSON?,_ error:Error?)-> Void) {
    //HTTP头部需要传入的信息，如果没有可以省略
    var head:[String:String]?
    //生成session
    let config = URLSessionConfiguration.default
    let session = URLSession(configuration: config)
    let trueURL = URL(url)!
    //请求成功时需要调用的代码封装为一个嵌套的方法，以便复用
    func success(json:JSON){
        completion(json,nil)
    }
    //同理请求失败需要执行的代码
    func fail(error:Error,json:JSON){    
        completion(json,error)
    }
    do {
        //自己封装一个request
        let request = try URLRequest(url: trueURL, method: method, headers: head)
        //这里我没有设置参数，使用了默认的编码方式
        let encodedURLRequest = try encode(request, with: parameters)
        //生成一个dataTask
        let dataTask = session.dataTask(with: encodedURLRequest) { (data, response, error) in
        //下面是回调部分，需要手动切换线程
            DispatchQueue.main.async {
               //处理回调
            }  
        }
        defer{
            dataTask.resume()
        }
    }
    catch {
        print(error)
    }

}