http://zeroliu.blogdriver.com/zeroliu/1289833.html
在高并发连接的情况下，Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。Nginx同时也可以作为7层负载均衡服务器来使用。根据我的测试结果，Nginx 0.5.33 + PHP 5.2.5 (FastCGI) 可以承受3万以上的并发连接数，相当于同等环境下Apache的10倍。
做了一个测试：4GB内存的服务器+Apache（prefork模式）一般只能处理3000个并发连接，因为它们将占用3GB以上的内存，还得为系统预留1GB的内存。我曾经就有两台Apache服务器，因为在配置文件中设置的MaxClients为4000，当Apache并发连接数达到3800时，导致服务器内存和Swap空间用满而崩溃。也是一件比较苦恼事情，现在根据本人安装过程描述如下：
安装步骤：
（系统要求：Linux 2.6+ 内核，本文中的Linux操作系统为Red Linux AS 4）一、获取相关开源程序：
1、下载程序源码包到当前目录：
本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2007年11月25日的最新稳定版。我将它们打了两个压缩包。第一个压缩包：nginx-php-1.zip
下载地址： http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/cgi-bin/fileid.cgi?fileid=2746375第二个压缩包：nginx-php-2.zip
下载地址： http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/cgi-bin/fileid.cgi?fileid=2746370附：各开源软件单独下载地址（如果下载了以上两个压缩包，则无需下载以下软件）：
http://down.s135.com/linux/nginx-php/ （登录用户名、密码均为blog.s135.com）
2、解压缩：
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
unzip nginx-php-1.zip
unzip nginx-php-2.zip
cd /data0/software/nginx-php
二、安装PHP 5.2.5（FastCGI模式）
1、编译安装PHP 5.2.5所需的支持库：
tar zxvf libiconv-1.11.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.11/
./configure –prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf freetype-2.3.5.tar.gz
cd freetype-2.3.5/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf libpng-1.2.20.tar.gz
cd libpng-1.2.20/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
cd jpeg-6b/
./configure –enable-static –enable-shared
make
make install
make install-lib
cd ../
tar zxvf libxml2-2.6.30.tar.gz
cd libxml2-2.6.30/
./configure
make
install
cd ../
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure –enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
cp /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.* /usr/lib
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.6.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.6/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
2、编译安装MySQL 5.0.45/Mysql4.0.26（现在以mysql5为例）
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.0.45.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.0.45
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ –without-debug –with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysql.sock –with-client-ldflags=-all-static –with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static –enable-assembler –with-extra-charsets=gbk,gb2312,utf8 –with-pthread –enable-thread-safe-client
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf
cd ../
附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。
①、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db –defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf –basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql –datadir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data –user=mysql –pid-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.pid –skip-locking –port=3306 –socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
②、启动MySQL（最后的&表示在后台运行）
/bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe –defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf &
3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.5.tar.gz
cd php-5.2.5/
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php –with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc –with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql –with-iconv-dir=/usr/local –with-freetype-dir –with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir –with-zlib –with-libxml-dir –enable-xml –disable-debug –disable-rpath –enable-discard-path –enable-safe-mode –enable-bcmath –enable-shmop –enable-sysvsem –enable-inline-optimization –with-curl –with-curlwrappers –enable-mbregex –enable-fastcgi –enable-force-cgi-redirect –enable-mbstring –with-mcrypt
sed -i ’s#-lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt#& -liconv#’ Makefile
make
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.1.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.1/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
cd php-5.2.5/ext/gd/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure –with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir –with-zlib-dir –with-ttf –with-freetype-dir –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../../../
5、修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = “./”
修改为extension_dir = “/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/”
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = “memcache.so”
extension = “gd.so”
自动修改：若嫌手工修改麻烦，可执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文件的修改：
sed -i ’s#extension_dir = “./”#extension_dir = “/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/”/nextension = “memcache.so”/nextension = “gd.so”/n#’ /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
6、创建www用户和组，以及其使用的目录：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/vshare/htdocs
chmod +w /data0/vshare/htdocs
chown -R www:www /data0/vshare/htdocs
7、安装lighttpd中附带的spawn-fcgi，用来启动php-cgi
注：压缩包中的spawn-fcgi程序为已经编译成二进制的版本。
cp spawn-fcgi /usr/local/webserver/php/bin
chmod +x /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/spawn-fcgi
8、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的10080端口，进程数为64（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启25个进程），用户为www：
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 10080 -C 64 -u www -f /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-cgi
三、安装Nginx 0.5.33
1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：
tar zxvf pcre-7.2.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.2/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
2、安装Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.5.33.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.5.33/
./configure –user=www –group=www –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx –with-http_stub_status_module
make && make install
cd ../
3、创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
4、创建Nginx配置文件
①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
输入以下内容：
引用
user www www;
worker_processes 10;
error_log /data1/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
}
http
{
include conf/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset gb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
#sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/html application/xml;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name blog.s135.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data0/vshare/htdocs;
if (-d $request_filename)
{
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}
location ~ .*/.php?$
{
include conf/fcgi.conf;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:10080;
fastcgi_index index.php;
}
log_format access ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] “$request” ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ‘
‘”$http_user_agent” $http_x_forwarded_for’;
access_log /data1/logs/access.log access;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name status.blog.s135.com;
location / {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
}
②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
输入以下内容：
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with –enable-force-cgi-redirect
#fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
5、启动Nginx
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容：
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 10080 -C 64 -u www -f /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-cgi
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
五、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容：
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
(1)、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
(2)、这时，输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：
ps -ef | grep “nginx: master process” | grep -v “grep” | awk -F ‘ ‘ ‘{print $2}’
屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
6302
这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
