CCNP-10 OSPF试验6
实验拓扑：
实验要求：
R1 R2 R3
通过
FR
相连，形成
hub and spoke
网络拓扑，
R1
为
hub
路由器，
R2
为
spoke
路由器，在
R1
上采用点到多点子接口，
R2 R3
全部采用物理接口，全部起
OSPF
，并且
R1
接口的网络类型配置为点到多点
NBMA
。
试验目的：掌握
OSPF
的点到多点
NBMA
接口类型的配置方法。
实验配置：
R1
：
R1(config)#int s1/0
R1(config-if)#enca frame-relay
R1(config-if)#no shu
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int s1/0.1 multipoint
R1(config-subif)#ip add 199.99.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.2 301 broadcast
R1(config-subif)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.3 302 broadcast
R1(config-subif)#no shu
R1(config-subif)#exit
R2
：
R2(config)#int s1/0
R2(config-if)#enca frame-relay
R2(config-if)#ip add 199.99.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp
R2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.1 103 broadcast
R2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.2 103 broadcast
R2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.3 103 broadcast
R2(config-if)#no shu
R2(config-if)#exit
R3
：
R3(config)#int s1/0
R3(config-if)#ip add 199.99.1.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#enca frame-relay
R3(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp
R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.1 203 broadcast
R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.2 203 broadcast
R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.3 203 broadcast
R3(config-if)#no shu
R3(config-if)#exit
基本的链路层配置完成，下面
ping
测试一下连通性：
R1#ping 199.99.1.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 199.99.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 168/220/308 ms
R1#ping 199.99.1.3
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 199.99.1.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 164/186/216 ms
OK
，都通了，下面开始
OSPF
的配置：
R1(config)#int loop0
R1(config-if)#ip add 100.100.100.100 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int s1/0.1 multipoint
R1(config-subif)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast
R1(config-subif)#exit
R1(config)#router ospf 100
R1(config-router)#router
R1(config-router)#router-id 100.100.100.100
R1(config-router)#network
0.0.0
.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#exit
R2(config)#int loop0
R2(config-if)#ip add
2.2.2
.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#int s1/0
R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config-if)#router ospf 100
R2(config-router)#router-id
2.2.2
.2
R2(config-router)#network
0.0.0
.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#exit
R3(config)#int loop0
R3(config-if)#ip add
3.3.3
.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#int s1/0
R3(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#router ospf 100
R3(config-router)#router-id
3.3.3
.3
R3(config-router)#network
0.0.0
.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
R3(config-router)#exit
好了，下面我们
show ip ospf neighbor
看一下能否成功建立邻居关系，结果发现无法成功建立邻居关系，因为我们在上面的接口上配置了
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast
这条命令，如果是点对多点的话，前面我们也做过试验，邻居关系是自动建立的，没有
DR/BDR
的选举，但是这里我们在后面加了一个
non-broadcast
选项，这就需要我们像在配置
NBMA
模式的时候手动添加邻居，如下：
R1(config)#router ospf 100
R1(config-router)#neighbor 199.99.1.2
R1(config-router)#neighbor 199.99.1.3
R2(config)#router ospf 100
R2(config-router)#neighbor 199.99.1.1
R3(config)#router ospf 100
R3(config-router)#neighbor 199.99.1.1
这样配置完成后我们在
R1
上
debug ip ospf adj
看一下效果：
R1#debug ip ospf adj
OSPF adjacency events debugging is on
R1#clear ip ospf p
Reset ALL OSPF processes? [no]: y
*Mar 1 00:05:59.743: OSPF: Interface Serial1/0.1 going Down
*Mar 1 00:05:59.743: OSPF: 100.100.100.100 address 199.99.1.1 on Serial1/0.1 is dead, state DOWN
*Mar 1 00:05:59.743: OSPF:
0.0.0
.0 address 199.99.1.3 on Serial1/0.1 is dead, state DOWN
*Mar 1 00:05:59.747: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr
0.0.0
.0 on Serial1/0.1 from DOWN to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
*Mar 1 00:05:59.747: OSPF:
0.0.0
.0 address 199.99.1.2 on Serial1/0.1 is dead, state DOWN
*Mar 1 00:05:59.747: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr
0.0.0
.0 on Serial1/0.1 from DOWN to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
*Mar 1 00:05:59.751: OSPF: Interface Loopback0 going Down
*Mar 1 00:05:59.751: OSPF: 100.100.100.100 address 100.100.100.100 on Loopback0 is dead, state DOWN
*Mar 1 00:05:59.763: OSPF: Interface Serial1/0.1 going Up
*Mar 1 00:05:59.763: OSPF: Send hello to 199.99.1.3 area 0 on Serial1/0.1 from 199.99.1.1 //
发送单播
HELLO
包给
199.99.1.3
。
*Mar 1 00:05:59.763: OSPF: Send hello to 199.99.1.2 area 0 on Serial1/0.1 from 199.99.1.1//
发送单播
HELLO
包给
199.99.1.2
。
*Mar 1 00:05:59.767: OSPF: Interface Loopback0 going Up
*Mar 1 00:05:59.959: OSPF: Rcv hello from
3.3.3
.3 area 0 from Serial1/0.1 199.99.1.3 //
收到
R3
发来的
HELLO
包。
*Mar 1 00:05:59.963: OSPF: 2 Way Communication to
3.3.3
.3 on Serial1/0.1, state 2WAY //
与
R3
的邻居关系成为
2 Way
。
*Mar 1 00:05:59.963: OSPF: Send DBD to
3.3.3
.3 on Serial1/0.1 seq 0xEE0 opt 0x52 flag 0x7 len 32 //
发送数据库描述报文给
R3
。
*Mar 1 00:05:59.963: OSPF: End of hello processing
*Mar 1 00:05:59.967: OSPF: Rcv hello from
2.2.2
.2 area 0 from Serial1/0.1 199.99.1.2 //
收到
R2
发来的
HELLO
包。
*Mar 1 00:05:59.967: OSPF: 2 Way Communication to
2.2.2
.2 on Serial1/0.1, state 2WAY //
与
R2
的邻居关系成为
2 Way
。
*Mar 1 00:05:59.967: OSPF: Send DBD to
2.2.2
.2 on Serial1/0.1 seq 0x
13A
4 opt 0x52 flag 0x7 len 32 //
发送数据库描述报文给
R2
。
*Mar 1 00:05:59.971: OSPF: End of hello processing
*Mar 1 00:06:00.079: OSPF: Rcv DBD from
2.2.2
.2 on Serial1/0.1 seq 0x16B2 opt 0x52 flag 0x7 len 32 mtu 1500 state EXSTART //
收到
R2
发来的数据库描述报文，邻居关系变成
EXSTART
。
*Mar 1 00:06:00.083: OSPF: First DBD and we are not SLAVE //MASTER/SLAVE
判断。
*Mar 1 00:06:00.179: OSPF: Rcv DBD from
2.2.2
.2 on Serial1/0.1 seq 0x
13A
4 opt 0x52 flag 0x2 len 52 mtu 1500 state EXSTART
*Mar 1 00:06:00.179: OSPF: NBR Negotiation Done. We are the MASTER //
成为
MASTER
。
*Mar 1 00:06:00.179: OSPF: Send DBD to
2.2.2
.2 on Serial1/0.1 seq 0x
13A
5 opt 0x52 flag 0x1 len 32
*Mar 1 00:06:00.183: OSPF: Rcv DBD from
3.3.3
.3 on Serial1/0.1 seq 0xF43 opt 0x52 flag 0x7 len 32 mtu 1500 state EXSTART //
收到
R3
发来的数据库描述报文，邻居关系变成
EXSTART
。
*Mar 1 00:06:00.183: OSPF: First DBD and we are not SLAVE//MASTER/SLAVE
判断。
*Mar 1 00:06:00.183: OSPF: Rcv DBD from
3.3.3
.3 on Serial1/0.1 seq 0xEE0 opt 0x52 flag 0x2 len 52 mtu 1500 state EXSTART
*Mar 1 00:06:00.183: OSPF: NBR Negotiation Done. We are the MASTER//
成为
MASTER
。
*Mar 1 00:06:00.187: OSPF: Send DBD to
3.3.3
.3 on Serial1/0.1 seq 0xEE1 opt 0x52 flag 0x1 len 32
*Mar 1 00:06:00.247: OSPF: Build router LSA for area 0, router ID 100.100.100.100, seq 0x80000001 //
建立
LSA TYPE-1
。
*Mar 1 00:06:00.467: OSPF: Rcv DBD from
2.2.2
.2 on Serial1/0.1 seq 0x
13A
5 opt 0x52 flag 0x0 len 32 mtu 1500 state EXCHANGE //
与
R2
的邻居关系变为
EXCHANGE
。
*Mar 1 00:06:00.467: OSPF: Exchange Done with
2.2.2
.2 on Serial1/0.1
*Mar 1 00:06:00.467: OSPF: Send LS REQ to
2.2.2
.2 length 12 LSA count 1 //
发送
LSR
给
R2
。
*Mar 1 00:06:00.471: OSPF: Rcv DBD from
3.3.3
.3 on Serial1/0.1 seq 0xEE1 opt 0x52 flag 0x0 len 32 mtu 1500 state EXCHANGE//
与
R3
的邻居关系变为
EXCHANGE
。
*Mar 1 00:06:00.471: OSPF: Exchange Done with
3.3.3
.3 on Serial1/0.1
*Mar 1 00:06:00.471: OSPF: Send LS REQ to
3.3.3
.3 length 12 LSA count 1//
发送
LSR
给
R3
。
*Mar 1 00:06:00.727: OSPF: Rcv LS UPD from
2.2.2
.2 on Serial1/0.1 length 76 LSA count 1//
收到
R2
发送来的
LSU
更新报文。
*Mar 1 00:06:00.731: OSPF: Synchronized with
2.2.2
.2 on Serial1/0.1, state FULL
*Mar 1 00:06:00.731: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr
2.2.2
.2 on Serial1/0.1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done//LSDB
与
R2
达成一致，邻居关系转为
FULL
状态。
*Mar 1 00:06:00.735: OSPF: Rcv LS UPD from
3.3.3
.3 on Serial1/0.1 length 76 LSA count 1//
收到
R3
发送来的
LSU
更新报文。
*Mar 1 00:06:00.735: OSPF: Synchronized with
3.3.3
.3 on Serial1/0.1, state FULL
*Mar 1 00:06:00.735: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr
3.3.3
.3 on Serial1/0.1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done//LSDB
与
R3
达成一致，邻居关系转为
FULL
状态。
*Mar 1 00:06:00.895: OSPF: Rcv LS UPD from
2.2.2
.2 on Serial1/0.1 length 88 LSA count 1
*Mar 1 00:06:00.903: OSPF: Rcv LS UPD from
3.3.3
.3 on Serial1/0.1 length 88 LSA count 1
*Mar 1 00:06:06.235: OSPF: Build router LSA for area 0, router ID 100.100.100.100, seq 0x80000002
*Mar 1 00:06:06.235: OSPF: Rcv hello from
2.2.2
.2 area 0 from Serial1/0.1 199.99.1.2
*Mar 1 00:06:06.239: OSPF: End of hello processing
通过
debug
信息我们可以清楚地看到整个邻居建立过程和路由更新过程，然后我们
show ip ospf neighbor
查看一下邻居关系表：
R1#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
R2#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
100.100.100.100 0 FULL/ - 00:01:37 199.99.1.1 Serial1/0
R3#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
100.100.100.100 0 FULL/ - 00:01:37 199.99.1.1 Serial1/0
成功地建立了邻居关系，我们还可以发现没有
DR/BDR
的选举，我们用
show ip ospf interface
看一下接口的
OSPF
配置：
R1#show ip ospf interface
Serial1/0.1 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 199.99.1.1/24, Area 0
Process ID 100, Router ID 100.100.100.100, Network Type POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT, Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 120
Hello due in 00:00:04
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 4 msec, maximum is 4 msec
Neighbor Count is 2, Adjacent neighbor count is 2
Adjacent with neighbor
3.3.3
.3
Adjacent with neighbor
2.2.2
.2
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 100.100.100.100/24, Area 0
Process ID 100, Router ID 100.100.100.100, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
R2#show ip ospf interface
Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 199.99.1.2/24, Area 0
Process ID 100, Router ID
2.2.2
.2, Network Type POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT, Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 120
Hello due in 00:00:08
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 100.100.100.100
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address
2.2.2
.2/24, Area 0
Process ID 100, Router ID
2.2.2
.2, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
R3#show ip ospf interface
Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 199.99.1.3/24, Area 0
Process ID 100, Router ID
3.3.3
.3, Network Type POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT, Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 120
Hello due in 00:00:09
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 100.100.100.100
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address
3.3.3
.3/24, Area 0
Process ID 100, Router ID
3.3.3
.3, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
注意这里用红色表里的部分，接口的网络类型为
POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT
，（纯
POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT
情况下，邻居关系自动建立，但是我们在配置的时候加了一个
non-broadcast
选项，这样的话需要像在配置
NBMA
时手动添加邻居，但是与
NBMA
不同的是，
NBMA
下有
DR/BDR
的选举，而这里没有
），默认的
HELLO
时间间隔为
30
秒，等待时间和死亡时间为
HELLO
时间间隔的
4
倍，
120
秒。
最后我们查看一下路由表：
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -
OSPF
,
IA
- OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
O
2.2.2
.0 [110/65] via 199.99.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial1/0.1
100.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 100.100.100.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
O
3.3.3
.0 [110/65] via 199.99.1.3, 00:00:04, Serial1/0.1
199.99.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
C 199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.1
O 199.99.1.3/32 [110/64] via 199.99.1.3, 00:00:04, Serial1/0.1
O 199.99.1.2/32 [110/64] via 199.99.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial1/0.1
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -
OSPF
,
IA
- OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C
2.2.2
.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
100.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 100.100.100.0 [110/65] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:01, Serial1/0
O
3.3.3
.0 [110/129] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:01, Serial1/0
199.99.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
O 199.99.1.1/32 [110/64] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:01, Serial1/0
C 199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O 199.99.1.3/32 [110/128] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:01, Serial1/0
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -
OSPF
,
IA
- OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
O
2.2.2
.0 [110/129] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:13, Serial1/0
100.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 100.100.100.0 [110/65] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:13, Serial1/0
C
3.3.3
.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
199.99.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
O 199.99.1.1/32 [110/64] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:13, Serial1/0
C 199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O 199.99.1.2/32 [110/128] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:13, Serial1/0
看到了吗？在这里又出现了
32
位的主机路由，那么我们可以推断出
OSPF
在接口类型为
POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT
和
point-to-multipoint non-broadcast
的时候，那么接口地址就会以
32
为主机路由得方式更新（这个只是我个人的推论，如有错误，欢迎指正！）。
实验总结：掌握在
NBMA
部分网格环境下，
OSPF
接口网络类型为
point-to-multipoint non-broadcast
时，
OSPF
的配置方法，知道在这种条件下邻居关系是不会自动建立的，需要手动添加邻居关系，并且没有
DR/BDR
的选举，默认的
HELLO
时间间隔为
30
秒，等待时间和死亡时间为
HELLO
时间间隔的
4
倍，
120
秒。
本文转自loveme2351CTO博客，原文链接：
http://blog.51cto.com/loveme23/46550
，如需转载请自行联系原作者
