Wake on Lan with Linux and Windows
Linux系统与Windows系统下的网络唤醒
Motivation
问题起因
I have 3 computers. My laptop a Thinkpad X30, another Thinkpad which acts as server and a desktop computer. I have all my main data on my server and use the files on my laptop and desktop by sshfs and NFS.
我有3台计算机。我的笔记本电脑是Thinkpad X30，另一个Thinkpad充当服务器还有台桌面用电脑。我的最主要的数据存储在服务器中，我使用笔记本电脑或桌面用电脑通过sshfs和NFS来访问它们。
The only files I don’t store on my server is media files, such as movies and music – these are stored on my desktop. This was the problem – if I was out I couldn’t access my files since my desktop was turned off when I am not home. I need something to turn on my desktop when I wasn’t home.
媒体文件是我唯一不存储在服务器的文件，诸如电影和音乐——这些都储存在桌面用电脑中。问题是——当我外出时，桌面用电脑处于关闭状态，我是我无法访问所需要的文件的。当我不在家时，我希望能够有某种方式可以远程启动我的桌面用电脑。
Wake on Lan
网络唤醒
Wake on Lan (WOL) is a technology to turn on a computer by sending it a specific network package. When a WOL-enabled computer is turned off the network port will stay active and listen for a certain packages and in if it receives such a package it will boot the computer.
网络唤醒（WOL）是一种技术，通过向一台计算机发送一个特定的网络包来启动它。当一个设置为允许网络唤醒的计算机处于关闭状态时其网络端口将保持活跃并里监听了某些特定的包，如果收到则会启动电脑。
Two things are needed:
两个必需条件：
- Enable WOL on my Desktop.
- 设置计算机为允许网络唤醒。
- Installing a program to send the magical network package on my server.
- 在服务器上安装一个可以用于发送魔术包（使电脑自动开机的数据包）的软件。
BIOS
BIOS设置
Somewhere in the BIOS there will hopefully be some setting to enable WOL. I didn’t find it in the BIOS of my ASUS PW5 DH motherboard, but it works fine. A good indicator is to check whether the lights around the network cable is turned on or not on the back of the computer when the computer has been shutdown.
我希望可以在BIOS中有某些关于WOL的设置。只是在我的华硕PW5 DH主板BIOS中没有找到，但是它确实是运行着的。一个很好的验证方式，就是当你的计算机关机后，且保持网线插入了网卡接口，且在关机前机器可以顺利上网。如果此时网卡上的指示灯亮着表示支持WOL了。
Enabling WOL in Windows
在Windows系统中设置WOL
It always takes more screenshots to explain anything in Windows, but there is not really any way around it. In Windows I need to go to the network setting and choose my network adapter. After selecting “configure” as in the screenshot:
很多时候如果有截图会更好的说明问题，只是有时候却是无法抓取屏幕的。在Windows系统中打开网络设置，然后再弹出属性窗口。在选取“configure”选项后的截图如下：
译者注：所有的设定没有标准的固定的模式，如果你的计算机无法照做，并不说明你的机器无法设置wol，这里只是提供了一种实现而已。译者本人所管理的计算机中有的可以在主板BIOS上设置实现，而有的用的是此种方式。或许还有其他。
I selected the fan called “advanced” where I found to settings I need to turn on:
我选取了“advanced(高级)”选项卡，在这里找到了我需要的选项：
Wake from shutdown(从关机状态下唤醒):
Wake up capabilities(唤醒功能):
That’s it. 
很好。
Enabling WOL in Linux
使Linux实现WOL
To enable WOL from Linux the option has to be set before shutting Linux down. First I see what is supported by network driver
WOL需要在未关闭Linux系统时进行设置。首先查看网络驱动支持的内容是什么
- root@bohr:/home/tjansson# ethtool eth1
- Settings for eth1:
- ...
- Supports Wake-on: pg
- Wake-on: d
- ...
- 译者机器上显示内容为：
- Supports Wake-on: pumbg
Wake-on: g
- p Wake on phy activity
- g Wake on MagicPacket(tm)
在译者的系统中还有三项设置：- u Wake on unicast messages
- m Wake on multicast messages
- b Wake on broadcast messages
- root@bohr:~# ethtool -s eth1 wol g
- #!/bin/bash
- ethtool -s eth1 wol g
- root@bohr:/etc/init.d# chmod +x wol.sh
- root@bohr:/etc/init.d# update-rc.d -f wol.sh defaults
Now WOL is enabled under Linux as well.
现在WOL在Linux被允许了。
Sending the magical package from Linux
从Linux系统是发送魔术包
The last thing I need to do is to wake the computer after it has been shut down. I do this from my Linux server on the same local network. The only information needed is the hardware adress of network interface on the desktop machine. I can find this by running ifconfig under Linux or some networkgui on Windows on the desktop machine:
最后我要做的是唤醒已经关闭的计算机。我是在服务器上做这件事情的，它与被唤醒机器处于同一局域网中。唯一所需的信息就是被唤醒机器的网卡硬件地址。可以在Linux执行ifconfig命令或在Windows系统中通过网络设置的图形界面进行查看。（译者注：在Windows中运行ipconfig命令查看）
- tjansson@bohr:~$ /sbin/ifconfig
- ...
- eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:18:F3:CD:78:A0
- ...
- root@nobel:/home/tjansson# wakeonlan 00:18:F3:CD:78:A0
- Sending magic packet to 255.255.255.255:9 with 00:18:F3:CD:78:A0
In the bottom of the wikipediaentry on WOL there is a long list of other programs to send the magical network package but I haven’t tried any of these my self.
[翻译完，于2012年04月24日 星期二 09时26分25秒 ]
本文转自tiancong 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/tiancong/842244
