JAVA Socket 实现HTTP与HTTPS客户端发送POST与GET方式请求

JAVA Socket 实现HTTP与HTTPS客户端发送POST与GET方式请求

哇,一看标题怎么这么长啊,其实意思很简单,哥讨厌用HTTP Client做POST与GET提交

觉得那个毕竟是别人写得API库,所以我就自己实现了一个简单的HTTP客户端,支持POST

方式提交数据,GET方式查询数据,是测试Restful API比较方便点,然后支持form与JSON两

种方式提交数据,当然也支持返回数据为JSON格式.当然这些东西都是基于JAVA Socket直

接完成的,不借助任何第三方的库,主要是JDK的API其实已经够用啦. 当然我也没有用

URLConnect这个东西,毕竟它在Socket基础上又包装了一下,有违我写这篇文章的目的.

好啦,讲完理由,下面就说说要怎么样才能实现啊,光说不练假把式啊!大致分了几个步骤

一:当然是要知道HTTP协议,知道常用的HTTP请求头,比如Host, Accept, Content-Type

    知道HTTP协议支持的方法,常用有GET/POST/PUT/DELETE等

    如果不知道,也不用担心,我保证你读完这篇文章,你就知道一些啦,当然有个最好的参考

    文档就是HTTP相关的RFC文档,认真读一下肯定解决你自己心中的HTTP那些疑惑

二: 知道发送HTTP GET与POST格式很重要, 固定的格式如下:

    [REQUEST]<SP><URL><SP>[HTTP VERSION]<CLRF>

    [REQUEST HEADER: ]<SP>[VALUE]<CLRF>

    可以有多个请求头

    最后<CLRF>

    发送完HTTP请求头部以后, 针对不同请求如POST要发送内容部分,发送完成以后同样

    以<CLRF>结尾.

    解释: <SP>表示空格, <CLRF>表示回车换行JAVA中表示为”\r\n”

    REQUEST表示HTTP请求命令,可以为POST, GET, PUT, DELETE等之一

    HTTP VERSION的常见可能值为HTTP/1.1或者HTTP/1.0

三: 如果1与2的知识你都具备了,下面就来介绍一下JAVA Socket的相关知识

    如何创建一个JAVA客户端套接字Socket s = new Socket()如此即可,简单吧!

    如何连接到远程的主机与端口, 当提供URL字符串时候,可以这么做

   URL url = new URL(“http://blog.csdn.net/jia20003”);

   String host = url.getHost;

   int port = url.getDefaultPort();

  SocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(this.host, this.port);

   s.connect(dest);

   即可连接到远程主机,下面就可以请求文章内容了, 也很容易的

String path = "/jia20003/article/details/16908661";
SocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(this.host, this.port);
socket.connect(dest);
OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);
bufferedWriter.write("GET " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");
bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");
bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");
bufferedWriter.flush();

送请求数据,推荐使用utf-8测试程序, 我写两个简单的PHP文件放

在wamp server上,完成对全部代码的测试

四:关于HTTP与HTTPS

HTTP协议是位于第四层协议TCP之上完成的应用层协议, 端到端都是明文传送,别人一

旦网络抓包以后都可以看到你的提交与请求数据,这个好像不太安全. HTTP协议的默认

端口是80这个是RFC文档声明的,属于官方标准,没什么道理可以讲.

HTTPS是基于SSL加密传输的,这样别人截获你的数据包破解的概率要小一点,比HTTP安

全一点,其默认端口是443, 好像QQ邮箱与谷歌的WEB Mail邮箱都是基于HTTPS. 但是

HTTPS通信方式只是传输数据加密,都客户端来说是透明的,它还是一样要遵守HTTP协

议规范来发送POST与GET请求等.

完整的测试程序如下:

package com.gloomyfish.http.client;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.SocketAddress;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

public class TestDemo {
	private int port;
	private String host;
	private Socket socket;
	private BufferedReader bufferedReader;
	private BufferedWriter bufferedWriter;
	public TestDemo(String host, int port) {
		socket = new Socket();
		this.host = host;
		this.port = port;
	}
	
	public void sendGet() throws IOException
	{
		String path = "/zhigang/getDemo.php";
		SocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(this.host, this.port);
		socket.connect(dest);
		OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
		bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);
		
		bufferedWriter.write("GET " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");
		bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");
		bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");
		bufferedWriter.flush();
		
		BufferedInputStream streamReader = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
		bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(streamReader, "utf-8"));
		String line = null;
		while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null)
		{
			System.out.println(line);
		}
		bufferedReader.close();
		bufferedWriter.close();
		socket.close();
	}
	
	public void sendPost() throws IOException
	{
		String path = "/zhigang/postDemo.php";
		String data = URLEncoder.encode("name", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("gloomyfish", "utf-8") + "&" +
						URLEncoder.encode("age", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("32", "utf-8");
		// String data = "name=zhigang_jia";
		SocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(this.host, this.port);
		socket.connect(dest);
		OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), "utf-8");
		bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);
		
		bufferedWriter.write("POST " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");
		bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");
		bufferedWriter.write("Content-Length: " + data.length() + "\r\n");
		bufferedWriter.write("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n");
		bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");
		bufferedWriter.write(data);
		bufferedWriter.flush();
		bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");
		bufferedWriter.flush();
		
		BufferedInputStream streamReader = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
		bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(streamReader, "utf-8"));
		String line = null;
		while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null)
		{
			System.out.println(line);
		}
		bufferedReader.close();
		bufferedWriter.close();
		socket.close();
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		TestDemo td = new TestDemo("127.0.0.1",8099);
		try {
			// td.sendGet(); //send HTTP GET Request
			
			td.sendPost(); // send HTTP POST Request
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

socket = (SSLSocket)((SSLSocketFactory)SSLSocketFactory.getDefault()).createSocket(this.host, port);