应用MVC的系统软件架构
-----基础知识
引言
M-V-C(Model View Controller)
/Files/virusswb/应用MVC的系统软件架构.doc
从上图可以看出是首先通过view的请求,经过url导航到一个controller中,最终定位到一个action,在action中访问具体的model,获取数据之后,将数据放入ViewData或者是TempData中,然后通过action呈现到指定的view上。在view上可以定制显示的格式。
1 知识点
1.1 ViewData和TempData的区别
ViewData只能在本Action内有效,在本Action中可以保存数据。
TempData可以在Action跳转中使用,TempData的数据在服务器的Session中保存,但是只保留一个来回。也就是第一次跳转过去的时候还可以访问,后面就没有了。范围限制在同一个Controller中的不同Action传递数据。
{
public ActionResult Index2()
{
ViewData[ " ViewData " ] = " 我是VeiwData中的数据 " ;
TempData[ " TempData " ] = " 我是TempData中的数据 " ;
return View( " Index2 " );
}
public ActionResult Index3( string name)
{
Models.ViewModels.UserViewModel userVM = new Models.ViewModels.UserViewModel()
{
Name = name
};
return View(userVM );
}
}
在Index2和Index3两个View中分别加入下面的代码,就是显示一下ViewData和TempData中的内容。
为了显示效果,在Index2的View中加入下面的代码。<%Html.RenderAction("Index3"); %> 这句直接呈现Index3的View,直接可以看到效果。
1 <% = ViewData[ " ViewData " ] %> < br />
2 <% = TempData[ " TempData " ] %>
</ div >
< br />
<% Html.RenderAction( " Index3 " ); %>
在Index3的View中加入下面的代码
<% = Model.Name %>
< br />
< div >
1 <% = ViewData[ " ViewData " ] %> < br />
2 <% = TempData[ " TempData " ] %>
</ div >
结果就是
大家注意看上图中的两个红色框,第一个框中显示都有数据,第二个框中显示只有TempData中还有数据。
在ASP.NET中要防止用户刷新页面,重复提交数据的话。需要在页面里面写JavaScript,而且要在后台c#代码中判断数据是否已经提交,才可以做到万无一失。
在ASP.NET 的 MVC框架中要实现防止刷新页面非常的简单,就是利用上面介绍的TempData来实现的。TempData用来传递数据,支持跨action传递,但是只能第一次进入action的时候访问,后面再次访问的话,TempData中的数据就会丢失。就是利用了这一点,在提交页面将提交的内容放入TempData中,然后再成功的提示页面获取出来,如果TempData["Data"]=null的话,就说明是用户在刷新页面,可以跳转到其他view或者做个提示。
具体代码如下:
实体
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
namespace Mvc3EmptyApp.Models.Entities
{
public class GuestBook
{
public string Name { get ; set ; }
public string Email { get ; set ; }
public string Comments { get ; set ; }
}
}
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
namespace Mvc3EmptyApp.Controllers
{
public class GuestBookController : Controller
{
//
// GET: /GuestBook/
public ActionResult Index()
{
var entity = new Models.Entities.GuestBook();
return View(entity );
}
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Index(Models.Entities.GuestBook guest)
{
TempData[ " entity " ] = guest;
return RedirectToAction( " ThankYou " );
}
public ActionResult ThankYou()
{
if (TempData[ " entity " ] == null )
{
return RedirectToAction( " Index " );
}
var model = TempData[ " entity " ] as Models.Entities.GuestBook;
return View(model);
}
}
}
新建view的时候选择强类型的view(create a strongly-typed view)
< asp:Content ID = " Content1 " ContentPlaceHolderID = " TitleContent " runat = " server " >
Index
</ asp:Content >
< asp:Content ID = " Content2 " ContentPlaceHolderID = " MainContent " runat = " server " >
< h2 > Index </ h2 >
<% using (Html.BeginForm())
{ %>
< p >
<%= Html.LabelFor (model => model.Name) %>
<%= Html.TextBoxFor (model => model.Name) %>
</ p >
< p >
<%= Html.LabelFor (model => model.Email ) %>
<%= Html.TextBoxFor (model => model.Email ) %>
</ p >
< p >
<%= Html.LabelFor (model => model.Comments ) %>
<%= Html.TextAreaFor (model => model.Comments ) %>
</ p >
< p >
< input type = " submit " value = " Sign " />
</ p >
<% } %>
</ asp:Content >
< asp:Content ID = " Content3 " ContentPlaceHolderID = " Header " runat = " server " >
</ asp:Content >
< asp:Content ID = " Content4 " ContentPlaceHolderID = " SideBar " runat = " server " >
</ asp:Content >
< asp:Content ID = " Content5 " ContentPlaceHolderID = " Footer " runat = " server " >
</ asp:Content >
< asp:Content ID = " Content1 " ContentPlaceHolderID = " TitleContent " runat = " server " >
ThankYou
</ asp:Content >
< asp:Content ID = " Content2 " ContentPlaceHolderID = " MainContent " runat = " server " >
< h2 > ThankYou </ h2 >
<%= Html.DisplayForModel() %>
</ asp:Content >
< asp:Content ID = " Content3 " ContentPlaceHolderID = " Header " runat = " server " >
</ asp:Content >
< asp:Content ID = " Content4 " ContentPlaceHolderID = " SideBar " runat = " server " >
</ asp:Content >
< asp:Content ID = " Content5 " ContentPlaceHolderID = " Footer " runat = " server " >
</ asp:Content >