如果想知道Linux在启动时是如何加载硬件的,那就用dmesg去看看吧,从下面的代码中你可以清晰的看到ubuntu的初始化信息,从中学到很多的东西。
[        0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset 
[        0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu 
[        0.000000] Linux version 2.6.31-17-generic (buildd@palmer) (gcc version 4.4.1 (Ubuntu 4.4.1-4ubuntu8) ) #54-Ubuntu SMP Thu Dec 10 16:20:31 UTC 2009 (Ubuntu 2.6.31-17.54-generic) 
[        0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus: 
[        0.000000]     Intel GenuineIntel 
[        0.000000]     AMD AuthenticAMD 
[        0.000000]     NSC Geode by NSC 
[        0.000000]     Cyrix CyrixInstead 
[        0.000000]     Centaur CentaurHauls 
[        0.000000]     Transmeta GenuineTMx86 
[        0.000000]     Transmeta TransmetaCPU 
[        0.000000]     UMC UMC UMC UMC 
[        0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map: 
[        0.000000]    BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009f800 (usable) 
[        0.000000]    BIOS-e820: 000000000009f800 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved) 
[        0.000000]    BIOS-e820: 00000000000ca000 - 00000000000cc000 (reserved) 
[        0.000000]    BIOS-e820: 00000000000dc000 - 00000000000e0000 (reserved) 
[        0.000000]    BIOS-e820: 00000000000e4000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved) 
[        0.000000]    BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000001fef0000 (usable) 
[        0.000000]    BIOS-e820: 000000001fef0000 - 000000001feff000 (ACPI data) 
[        0.000000]    BIOS-e820: 000000001feff000 - 000000001ff00000 (ACPI NVS) 
[        0.000000]    BIOS-e820: 000000001ff00000 - 0000000020000000 (usable) 
[        0.000000]    BIOS-e820: 00000000e0000000 - 00000000f0000000 (reserved) 
[        0.000000]    BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec10000 (reserved) 
[        0.000000]    BIOS-e820: 00000000fee00000 - 00000000fee01000 (reserved) 
[        0.000000]    BIOS-e820: 00000000fffe0000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved) 
[        0.000000] DMI present. 
[        0.000000] Phoenix BIOS detected: BIOS may corrupt low RAM, working around it. 
[        0.000000] e820 update range: 0000000000000000 - 0000000000010000 (usable) ==> (reserved) 
[        0.000000] last_pfn = 0x20000 max_arch_pfn = 0x100000 
[        0.000000] MTRR default type: uncachable 
[        0.000000] MTRR fixed ranges enabled: 
[        0.000000]     00000-9FFFF write-back 
[        0.000000]     A0000-BFFFF uncachable 
[        0.000000]     C0000-CBFFF write-protect 
[        0.000000]     CC000-EFFFF uncachable 
[        0.000000]     F0000-FFFFF write-protect 
[        0.000000] MTRR variable ranges enabled: 
[        0.000000]     0 base 0000000000 mask FFE0000000 write-back 
[        0.000000]     1 disabled 
[        0.000000]     2 disabled 
[        0.000000]     3 disabled 
[        0.000000]     4 disabled 
[        0.000000]     5 disabled 
[        0.000000]     6 disabled 
[        0.000000]     7 disabled 
[        0.000000] x86 PAT enabled: cpu 0, old 0x0, new 0x7010600070106 
[        0.000000] Scanning 0 areas for low memory corruption 
[        0.000000] modified physical RAM map: 
[        0.000000]    modified: 0000000000000000 - 0000000000010000 (reserved) 
[        0.000000]    modified: 0000000000010000 - 000000000009f800 (usable) 
[        0.000000]    modified: 000000000009f800 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved) 
[        0.000000]    modified: 00000000000ca000 - 00000000000cc000 (reserved) 
[        0.000000]    modified: 00000000000dc000 - 00000000000e0000 (reserved) 
[        0.000000]    modified: 00000000000e4000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved) 
[        0.000000]    modified: 0000000000100000 - 000000001fef0000 (usable) 
[        0.000000]    modified: 000000001fef0000 - 000000001feff000 (ACPI data) 
[        0.000000]    modified: 000000001feff000 - 000000001ff00000 (ACPI NVS) 
[        0.000000]    modified: 000000001ff00000 - 0000000020000000 (usable) 
[        0.000000]    modified: 00000000e0000000 - 00000000f0000000 (reserved) 
[        0.000000]    modified: 00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec10000 (reserved) 
[        0.000000]    modified: 00000000fee00000 - 00000000fee01000 (reserved) 
[        0.000000]    modified: 00000000fffe0000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved) 
[        0.000000] initial memory mapped : 0 - 00c00000 
[        0.000000] init_memory_mapping: 0000000000000000-0000000020000000 
[        0.000000] Using x86 segment limits to approximate NX protection 
[        0.000000]    0000000000 - 0000400000 page 4k 
[        0.000000]    0000400000 - 0020000000 page 2M 
[        0.000000] kernel direct mapping tables up to 20000000 @ 10000-14000 
[        0.000000] RAMDISK: 17826000 - 17f73187 
[        0.000000] ACPI: RSDP 000f6a30 00024 (v02 PTLTD ) 
[        0.000000] ACPI: XSDT 1fef0780 0004C (v01 INTEL    440BX        06040000 VMW    01324272) 
[        0.000000] ACPI: FACP 1fefee98 000F4 (v04 INTEL    440BX        06040000 PTL    000F4240) 
[        0.000000] ACPI: DSDT 1fef0938 0E560 (v01 PTLTD    Custom     06040000 MSFT 03000001) 
[        0.000000] ACPI: FACS 1fefffc0 00040 
[        0.000000] ACPI: BOOT 1fef0910 00028 (v01 PTLTD    $SBFTBL$ 06040000    LTP 00000001) 
[        0.000000] ACPI: APIC 1fef08c0 00050 (v01 PTLTD        APIC     06040000    LTP 00000000) 
[        0.000000] ACPI: MCFG 1fef0884 0003C (v01 PTLTD    $PCITBL$ 06040000    LTP 00000001) 
[        0.000000] ACPI: SRAT 1fef0804 00080 (v02 VMWARE MEMPLUG    06040000 VMW    00000001) 
[        0.000000] ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfee00000 
[        0.000000] 0MB HIGHMEM available. 
[        0.000000] 512MB LOWMEM available. 
[        0.000000]     mapped low ram: 0 - 20000000 
[        0.000000]     low ram: 0 - 20000000 
[        0.000000]     node 0 low ram: 00000000 - 20000000 
[        0.000000]     node 0 bootmap 00010000 - 00014000 
[        0.000000] (8 early reservations) ==> bootmem [0000000000 - 0020000000] 
[        0.000000]     #0 [0000000000 - 0000001000]     BIOS data page ==> [0000000000 - 0000001000] 
[        0.000000]     #1 [0000001000 - 0000002000]        EX TRAMPOLINE ==> [0000001000 - 0000002000] 
[        0.000000]     #2 [0000006000 - 0000007000]             TRAMPOLINE ==> [0000006000 - 0000007000] 
[        0.000000]     #3 [0000100000 - 00008a80a0]        TEXT DATA BSS ==> [0000100000 - 00008a80a0] 
[        0.000000]     #4 [0017826000 - 0017f73187]                    RAMDISK ==> [0017826000 - 0017f73187] 
[        0.000000]     #5 [000009f800 - 0000100000]        BIOS reserved ==> [000009f800 - 0000100000] 
[        0.000000]     #6 [00008a9000 - 00008ac1c0]                            BRK ==> [00008a9000 - 00008ac1c0] 
[        0.000000]     #7 [0000010000 - 0000014000]                    BOOTMAP ==> [0000010000 - 0000014000] 
[        0.000000] found SMP MP-table at [c00f6aa0] f6aa0 
[        0.000000] Zone PFN ranges: 
[        0.000000]     DMA            0x00000010 -> 0x00001000 
[        0.000000]     Normal     0x00001000 -> 0x00020000 
[        0.000000]     HighMem    0x00020000 -> 0x00020000 
[        0.000000] Movable zone start PFN for each node 
[        0.000000] early_node_map[3] active PFN ranges 
[        0.000000]         0: 0x00000010 -> 0x0000009f 
[        0.000000]         0: 0x00000100 -> 0x0001fef0 
[        0.000000]         0: 0x0001ff00 -> 0x00020000 
[        0.000000] On node 0 totalpages: 130943 
[        0.000000] free_area_init_node: node 0, pgdat c0784960, node_mem_map c1000200 
[        0.000000]     DMA zone: 32 pages used for memmap 
[        0.000000]     DMA zone: 0 pages reserved 
[        0.000000]     DMA zone: 3951 pages, LIFO batch:0 
[        0.000000]     Normal zone: 992 pages used for memmap 
[        0.000000]     Normal zone: 125968 pages, LIFO batch:31 
[        0.000000] Using APIC driver default 
[        0.000000] ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x1008 
[        0.000000] ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfee00000 
[        0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x00] lapic_id[0x00] enabled) 
[        0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x00] high edge lint[0x1]) 
[        0.000000] ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x01] address[0xfec00000] gsi_base[0]) 
[        0.000000] IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 1, version 17, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23 
[        0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 0 global_irq 2 high edge) 
[        0.000000] ACPI: IRQ0 used by override. 
[        0.000000] ACPI: IRQ2 used by override. 
[        0.000000] ACPI: IRQ9 used by override. 
[        0.000000] Enabling APIC mode:    Flat.    Using 1 I/O APICs 
[        0.000000] Using ACPI (MADT) for SMP configuration information 
[        0.000000] SMP: Allowing 1 CPUs, 0 hotplug CPUs 
[        0.000000] nr_irqs_gsi: 24 
[        0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: 000000000009f000 - 00000000000a0000 
[        0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000000a0000 - 00000000000ca000 
[        0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000000ca000 - 00000000000cc000 
[        0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000000cc000 - 00000000000dc000 
[        0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000000dc000 - 00000000000e0000 
[        0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000000e0000 - 00000000000e4000 
[        0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000000e4000 - 0000000000100000 
[        0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: 000000001fef0000 - 000000001feff000 
[        0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: 000000001feff000 - 000000001ff00000 
[        0.000000] Allocating PCI resources starting at 20000000 (gap: 20000000:c0000000) 
[        0.000000] NR_CPUS:8 nr_cpumask_bits:8 nr_cpu_ids:1 nr_node_ids:1 
[        0.000000] PERCPU: Embedded 14 pages at c1402000, static data 35612 bytes 
[        0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.    Total pages: 129919 
[        0.000000] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-17-generic root=UUID=7a93adbb-ae9d-4b2c-8585-5e850c297b64 ro quiet splash 
[        0.000000] PID hash table entries: 2048 (order: 11, 8192 bytes) 
[        0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes) 
[        0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes) 
[        0.000000] Enabling fast FPU save and restore... done. 
[        0.000000] Enabling unmasked SIMD FPU exception support... done. 
[        0.000000] Initializing CPU#0 
[        0.000000] allocated 2621120 bytes of page_cgroup 
[        0.000000] please try 'cgroup_disable=memory' option if you don't want memory cgroups 
[        0.000000] Initializing HighMem for node 0 (00000000:00000000) 
[        0.000000] Memory: 500980k/524288k available (4566k kernel code, 22476k reserved, 2142k data, 540k init, 0k highmem) 
[        0.000000] virtual kernel memory layout: 
[        0.000000]         fixmap    : 0xfff1d000 - 0xfffff000     ( 904 kB) 
[        0.000000]         pkmap     : 0xff800000 - 0xffc00000     (4096 kB) 
[        0.000000]         vmalloc : 0xe0800000 - 0xff7fe000     ( 495 MB) 
[        0.000000]         lowmem    : 0xc0000000 - 0xe0000000     ( 512 MB) 
[        0.000000]             .init : 0xc078e000 - 0xc0815000     ( 540 kB) 
[        0.000000]             .data : 0xc0575a64 - 0xc078d408     (2142 kB) 
[        0.000000]             .text : 0xc0100000 - 0xc0575a64     (4566 kB) 
[        0.000000] Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode...Ok. 
[        0.000000] SLUB: Genslabs=13, HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1 
[        0.000000] NR_IRQS:2304 nr_irqs:256 
[        0.000000] Extended CMOS year: 2000 
[        0.000000] TSC: Frequency read from the hypervisor 
[        0.000000] Detected 2210.270 MHz processor. 
[        0.004000] Console: colour VGA+ 80x25 
[        0.004000] console [tty0] enabled 
[        0.004015] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 4420.54 BogoMIPS (lpj=8841080) 
[        0.010062] Security Framework initialized 
[        0.012296] AppArmor: AppArmor initialized 
[        0.012308] Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 
[        0.036135] Initializing cgroup subsys ns 
[        0.036142] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct 
[        0.036146] Initializing cgroup subsys memory 
[        0.040019] Initializing cgroup subsys freezer 
[        0.040025] Initializing cgroup subsys net_cls 
[        0.044139] CPU: L1 I Cache: 64K (64 bytes/line), D cache 64K (64 bytes/line) 
[        0.044173] CPU: L2 Cache: 512K (64 bytes/line) 
[        0.048006] mce: CPU supports 0 MCE banks 
[        0.048052] using C1E aware idle routine 
[        0.052008] Performance Counters: AMD PMU driver. 
[        0.052047] ... version:                                 0 
[        0.052049] ... bit width:                             48 
[        0.052050] ... generic counters:                4 
[        0.052052] ... value mask:                            0000ffffffffffff 
[        0.052054] ... max period:                            00007fffffffffff 
[        0.052056] ... fixed-purpose counters:    0 
[        0.052057] ... counter mask:                        000000000000000f 
[        0.052062] Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK. 
[        0.080012] SMP alternatives: switching to UP code 
[        0.184018] Freeing SMP alternatives: 19k freed 
[        0.184030] ACPI: Core revision 20090521 
[        0.276001] ..TIMER: vector=0x30 apic1=0 pin1=2 apic2=-1 pin2=-1 
[        0.405002] CPU0: AMD Athlon(tm) 5000 Dual-Core Processor stepping 02 
[        0.408001] Brought up 1 CPUs 
[        0.408001] Total of 1 processors activated (4420.54 BogoMIPS). 
[        0.408001] CPU0 attaching NULL sched-domain. 
[        0.408596] Booting paravirtualized kernel on bare hardware 
[        0.409238] regulator: core version 0.5 
[        0.412103] Time:    0:57:13    Date: 03/03/10 
[        0.412222] NET: Registered protocol family 16 
[        0.412504] EISA bus registered 
[        0.412529] ACPI: bus type pci registered 
[        0.412803] PCI: MCFG configuration 0: base e0000000 segment 0 buses 0 - 255 
[        0.412806] PCI: MCFG area at e0000000 reserved in E820 
[        0.412808] PCI: Using MMCONFIG for extended config space 
[        0.412810] PCI: Using configuration type 1 for base access 
[        0.420383] bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0 
[        0.440272] ACPI: EC: Look up EC in DSDT 
[        0.805258] ACPI: BIOS _OSI(Linux) query ignored 
[        0.836994] ACPI: Interpreter enabled 
[        0.837002] ACPI: (supports S0 S1 S4 S5) 
[        0.837024] ACPI: Using IOAPIC for interrupt routing 
[        1.184876] ACPI: No dock devices found. 
[        1.189238] ACPI: PCI Root Bridge [PCI0] (0000:00) 
[        1.200008] pci 0000:00:07.1: reg 20 io port: [0x10c0-0x10cf] 
[        1.200841] pci 0000:00:07.3: quirk: region 1000-103f claimed by PIIX4 ACPI 
[        1.200860] pci 0000:00:07.3: quirk: region 1040-104f claimed by PIIX4 SMB 
[        1.208015] pci 0000:00:07.7: reg 10 io port: [0x1080-0x10bf] 
[        1.237470] pci 0000:00:0f.0: reg 10 io port: [0x10d0-0x10df] 
[        1.237541] pci 0000:00:0f.0: reg 14 32bit mmio: [0xd0000000-0xd7ffffff] 
[        1.237603] pci 0000:00:0f.0: reg 18 32bit mmio: [0xd8000000-0xd87fffff] 
[        1.240037] pci 0000:00:0f.0: reg 30 32bit mmio: [0x000000-0x007fff] 
[        1.253681] pci 0000:00:10.0: reg 10 io port: [0x1400-0x14ff] 
[        1.256278] pci 0000:00:10.0: reg 14 64bit mmio: [0xd8820000-0xd883ffff] 
[        1.260447] pci 0000:00:10.0: reg 1c 64bit mmio: [0xd8800000-0xd881ffff] 
[        1.264051] pci 0000:00:10.0: reg 30 32bit mmio: [0x000000-0x003fff] 
[        1.288759] pci 0000:00:15.0: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.292005] pci 0000:00:15.0: PME# disabled 
[        1.293114] pci 0000:00:15.1: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.293147] pci 0000:00:15.1: PME# disabled 
[        1.296903] pci 0000:00:15.2: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.296940] pci 0000:00:15.2: PME# disabled 
[        1.300665] pci 0000:00:15.3: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.300697] pci 0000:00:15.3: PME# disabled 
[        1.304394] pci 0000:00:15.4: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.304427] pci 0000:00:15.4: PME# disabled 
[        1.308269] pci 0000:00:15.5: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.308301] pci 0000:00:15.5: PME# disabled 
[        1.309321] pci 0000:00:15.6: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.312020] pci 0000:00:15.6: PME# disabled 
[        1.313007] pci 0000:00:15.7: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.313068] pci 0000:00:15.7: PME# disabled 
[        1.316741] pci 0000:00:16.0: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.316773] pci 0000:00:16.0: PME# disabled 
[        1.320482] pci 0000:00:16.1: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.320514] pci 0000:00:16.1: PME# disabled 
[        1.324165] pci 0000:00:16.2: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.324197] pci 0000:00:16.2: PME# disabled 
[        1.325204] pci 0000:00:16.3: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.325236] pci 0000:00:16.3: PME# disabled 
[        1.328991] pci 0000:00:16.4: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.329026] pci 0000:00:16.4: PME# disabled 
[        1.332785] pci 0000:00:16.5: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.332818] pci 0000:00:16.5: PME# disabled 
[        1.336516] pci 0000:00:16.6: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.336548] pci 0000:00:16.6: PME# disabled 
[        1.340209] pci 0000:00:16.7: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.340241] pci 0000:00:16.7: PME# disabled 
[        1.341267] pci 0000:00:17.0: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.341299] pci 0000:00:17.0: PME# disabled 
[        1.344966] pci 0000:00:17.1: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.344998] pci 0000:00:17.1: PME# disabled 
[        1.348660] pci 0000:00:17.2: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.348692] pci 0000:00:17.2: PME# disabled 
[        1.352387] pci 0000:00:17.3: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.352421] pci 0000:00:17.3: PME# disabled 
[        1.356212] pci 0000:00:17.4: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.356245] pci 0000:00:17.4: PME# disabled 
[        1.360108] pci 0000:00:17.5: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.360141] pci 0000:00:17.5: PME# disabled 
[        1.361141] pci 0000:00:17.6: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.361174] pci 0000:00:17.6: PME# disabled 
[        1.364851] pci 0000:00:17.7: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.364883] pci 0000:00:17.7: PME# disabled 
[        1.368545] pci 0000:00:18.0: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.368577] pci 0000:00:18.0: PME# disabled 
[        1.372239] pci 0000:00:18.1: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.372271] pci 0000:00:18.1: PME# disabled 
[        1.373256] pci 0000:00:18.2: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.373288] pci 0000:00:18.2: PME# disabled 
[        1.377041] pci 0000:00:18.3: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.377078] pci 0000:00:18.3: PME# disabled 
[        1.380734] pci 0000:00:18.4: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.380799] pci 0000:00:18.4: PME# disabled 
[        1.384571] pci 0000:00:18.5: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.384604] pci 0000:00:18.5: PME# disabled 
[        1.388314] pci 0000:00:18.6: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.388348] pci 0000:00:18.6: PME# disabled 
[        1.392051] pci 0000:00:18.7: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold 
[        1.392084] pci 0000:00:18.7: PME# disabled 
[        1.396691] pci 0000:02:00.0: reg 20 io port: [0x20c0-0x20df] 
[        1.404015] pci 0000:02:01.0: reg 10 io port: [0x2000-0x207f] 
[        1.412065] pci 0000:02:01.0: reg 30 32bit mmio: [0x000000-0x00ffff] 
[        1.424403] pci 0000:02:02.0: reg 10 io port: [0x2080-0x20bf] 
[        1.444387] pci 0000:02:03.0: reg 10 32bit mmio: [0xd8900000-0xd8900fff] 
[        1.468022] pci 0000:00:11.0: transparent bridge 
[        1.468057] pci 0000:00:11.0: bridge io port: [0x2000-0x3fff] 
[        1.468092] pci 0000:00:11.0: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd8900000-0xd93fffff] 
[        1.472022] pci 0000:00:11.0: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdb600000-0xdbafffff] 
[        1.488118] pci 0000:00:15.0: bridge io port: [0x4000-0x4fff] 
[        1.492006] pci 0000:00:15.0: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9400000-0xd94fffff] 
[        1.492069] pci 0000:00:15.0: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdbb00000-0xdbbfffff] 
[        1.512100] pci 0000:00:15.1: bridge io port: [0x8000-0x8fff] 
[        1.512136] pci 0000:00:15.1: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9800000-0xd98fffff] 
[        1.516051] pci 0000:00:15.1: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdbf00000-0xdbffffff] 
[        1.532006] pci 0000:00:15.2: bridge io port: [0xc000-0xcfff] 
[        1.532038] pci 0000:00:15.2: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9c00000-0xd9cfffff] 
[        1.532101] pci 0000:00:15.2: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdc300000-0xdc3fffff] 
[        1.548080] pci 0000:00:15.3: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xda000000-0xda0fffff] 
[        1.548141] pci 0000:00:15.3: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdc700000-0xdc7fffff] 
[        1.568082] pci 0000:00:15.4: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xda400000-0xda4fffff] 
[        1.572007] pci 0000:00:15.4: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdcb00000-0xdcbfffff] 
[        1.588021] pci 0000:00:15.5: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xda800000-0xda8fffff] 
[        1.588085] pci 0000:00:15.5: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdcf00000-0xdcffffff] 
[        1.604111] pci 0000:00:15.6: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xdac00000-0xdacfffff] 
[        1.608006] pci 0000:00:15.6: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdd300000-0xdd3fffff] 
[        1.612111] pci 0000:00:15.7: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xdb000000-0xdb0fffff] 
[        1.612174] pci 0000:00:15.7: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdd700000-0xdd7fffff] 
[        1.612889] pci 0000:00:16.0: bridge io port: [0x5000-0x5fff] 
[        1.612922] pci 0000:00:16.0: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9500000-0xd95fffff] 
[        1.612984] pci 0000:00:16.0: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdbc00000-0xdbcfffff] 
[        1.616381] pci 0000:00:16.1: bridge io port: [0x9000-0x9fff] 
[        1.616415] pci 0000:00:16.1: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9900000-0xd99fffff] 
[        1.616477] pci 0000:00:16.1: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdc000000-0xdc0fffff] 
[        1.617157] pci 0000:00:16.2: bridge io port: [0xd000-0xdfff] 
[        1.617191] pci 0000:00:16.2: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9d00000-0xd9dfffff] 
[        1.617254] pci 0000:00:16.2: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdc400000-0xdc4fffff] 
[        1.620644] pci 0000:00:16.3: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xda100000-0xda1fffff] 
[        1.620707] pci 0000:00:16.3: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdc800000-0xdc8fffff] 
[        1.624081] pci 0000:00:16.4: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xda500000-0xda5fffff] 
[        1.624144] pci 0000:00:16.4: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdcc00000-0xdccfffff] 
[        1.624850] pci 0000:00:16.5: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xda900000-0xda9fffff] 
[        1.624913] pci 0000:00:16.5: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdd000000-0xdd0fffff] 
[        1.628317] pci 0000:00:16.6: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xdad00000-0xdadfffff] 
[        1.628379] pci 0000:00:16.6: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdd400000-0xdd4fffff] 
[        1.629123] pci 0000:00:16.7: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xdb100000-0xdb1fffff] 
[        1.629185] pci 0000:00:16.7: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdd800000-0xdd8fffff] 
[        1.632527] pci 0000:00:17.0: bridge io port: [0x6000-0x6fff] 
[        1.632559] pci 0000:00:17.0: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9600000-0xd96fffff] 
[        1.632621] pci 0000:00:17.0: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdbd00000-0xdbdfffff] 
[        1.636021] pci 0000:00:17.1: bridge io port: [0xa000-0xafff] 
[        1.636088] pci 0000:00:17.1: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9a00000-0xd9afffff] 
[        1.636150] pci 0000:00:17.1: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdc100000-0xdc1fffff] 
[        1.636815] pci 0000:00:17.2: bridge io port: [0xe000-0xefff] 
[        1.636848] pci 0000:00:17.2: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9e00000-0xd9efffff] 
[        1.636909] pci 0000:00:17.2: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdc500000-0xdc5fffff] 
[        1.640286] pci 0000:00:17.3: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xda200000-0xda2fffff] 
[        1.640348] pci 0000:00:17.3: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdc900000-0xdc9fffff] 
[        1.641065] pci 0000:00:17.4: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xda600000-0xda6fffff] 
[        1.641126] pci 0000:00:17.4: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdcd00000-0xdcdfffff] 
[        1.644532] pci 0000:00:17.5: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xdaa00000-0xdaafffff] 
[        1.644594] pci 0000:00:17.5: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdd100000-0xdd1fffff] 
[        1.648131] pci 0000:00:17.6: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xdae00000-0xdaefffff] 
[        1.648195] pci 0000:00:17.6: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdd500000-0xdd5fffff] 
[        1.648924] pci 0000:00:17.7: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xdb200000-0xdb2fffff] 
[        1.648987] pci 0000:00:17.7: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdd900000-0xdd9fffff] 
[        1.652336] pci 0000:00:18.0: bridge io port: [0x7000-0x7fff] 
[        1.652370] pci 0000:00:18.0: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9700000-0xd97fffff] 
[        1.652432] pci 0000:00:18.0: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdbe00000-0xdbefffff] 
[        1.653151] pci 0000:00:18.1: bridge io port: [0xb000-0xbfff] 
[        1.653184] pci 0000:00:18.1: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9b00000-0xd9bfffff] 
[        1.653247] pci 0000:00:18.1: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdc200000-0xdc2fffff] 
[        1.656633] pci 0000:00:18.2: bridge io port: [0xf000-0xffff] 
[        1.656665] pci 0000:00:18.2: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9f00000-0xd9ffffff] 
[        1.656728] pci 0000:00:18.2: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdc600000-0xdc6fffff] 
[        1.660096] pci 0000:00:18.3: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xda300000-0xda3fffff] 
[        1.660158] pci 0000:00:18.3: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdca00000-0xdcafffff] 
[        1.660867] pci 0000:00:18.4: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xda700000-0xda7fffff] 
[        1.660930] pci 0000:00:18.4: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdce00000-0xdcefffff] 
[        1.664306] pci 0000:00:18.5: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xdab00000-0xdabfffff] 
[        1.664369] pci 0000:00:18.5: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdd200000-0xdd2fffff] 
[        1.665075] pci 0000:00:18.6: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xdaf00000-0xdaffffff] 
[        1.665137] pci 0000:00:18.6: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdd600000-0xdd6fffff] 
[        1.668531] pci 0000:00:18.7: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xdb300000-0xdb3fffff] 
[        1.668594] pci 0000:00:18.7: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdda00000-0xddafffff] 
[        1.700074] pci_bus 0000:00: on NUMA node 0 
[        1.700207] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0._PRT] 
[        3.034171] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKA] (IRQs 3 4 5 6 7 *9 10 11 14 15) 
[        3.034403] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKB] (IRQs 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 *11 14 15) 
[        3.034620] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] (IRQs 3 4 5 6 7 9 *10 11 14 15) 
[        3.034796] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKD] (IRQs 3 4 *5 6 7 9 10 11 14 15) 
[        3.036736] SCSI subsystem initialized 
[        3.036990] libata version 3.00 loaded. 
[        3.037151] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs 
[        3.037171] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub 
[        3.037244] usbcore: registered new device driver usb 
[        3.037755] ACPI: WMI: Mapper loaded 
[        3.037757] PCI: Using ACPI for IRQ routing 
[        3.040527] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.15 
[        3.040639] NET: Registered protocol family 31 
[        3.040641] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized 
[        3.040644] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized 
[        3.040646] NetLabel: Initializing 
[        3.040647] NetLabel:    domain hash size = 128 
[        3.040648] NetLabel:    protocols = UNLABELED CIPSOv4 
[        3.040659] NetLabel:    unlabeled traffic allowed by default 
[        3.044190] Switched to high resolution mode on CPU 0 
[        3.058344] pnp: PnP ACPI init 
[        3.058365] ACPI: bus type pnp registered 
[        3.186722] pnp: PnP ACPI: found 13 devices 
[        3.186765] ACPI: ACPI bus type pnp unregistered 
[        3.186814] PnPBIOS: Disabled by ACPI PNP 
[        3.186927] system 00:01: ioport range 0x1000-0x103f has been reserved 
[        3.186953] system 00:01: ioport range 0x1040-0x104f has been reserved 
[        3.186959] system 00:01: ioport range 0xcf0-0xcf1 has been reserved 
[        3.186980] system 00:0c: ioport range 0x1060-0x107f has been reserved 
[        3.186985] system 00:0c: iomem range 0xe0000000-0xefffffff has been reserved 
[        3.186988] system 00:0c: iomem range 0xdb400000-0xdb5fffff has been reserved 
[        3.222399] AppArmor: AppArmor Filesystem Enabled 
[        3.225427] pci 0000:00:01.0: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:01 
[        3.225434] pci 0000:00:01.0:     IO window: disabled 
[        3.225483] pci 0000:00:01.0:     MEM window: disabled 
[        3.225516] pci 0000:00:01.0:     PREFETCH window: disabled 
[        3.225552] pci 0000:00:11.0: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:02 
[        3.225572] pci 0000:00:11.0:     IO window: 0x2000-0x3fff 
[        3.225620] pci 0000:00:11.0:     MEM window: 0xd8900000-0xd93fffff 
[        3.225654] pci 0000:00:11.0:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000db600000-0x000000dbafffff 
[        3.225717] pci 0000:00:15.0: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:03 
[        3.225736] pci 0000:00:15.0:     IO window: 0x4000-0x4fff 
[        3.225784] pci 0000:00:15.0:     MEM window: 0xd9400000-0xd94fffff 
[        3.225817] pci 0000:00:15.0:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dbb00000-0x000000dbbfffff 
[        3.225892] pci 0000:00:15.1: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:04 
[        3.225913] pci 0000:00:15.1:     IO window: 0x8000-0x8fff 
[        3.225963] pci 0000:00:15.1:     MEM window: 0xd9800000-0xd98fffff 
[        3.225998] pci 0000:00:15.1:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dbf00000-0x000000dbffffff 
[        3.226075] pci 0000:00:15.2: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:05 
[        3.228089] pci 0000:00:15.2:     IO window: 0xc000-0xcfff 
[        3.228152] pci 0000:00:15.2:     MEM window: 0xd9c00000-0xd9cfffff 
[        3.228193] pci 0000:00:15.2:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dc300000-0x000000dc3fffff 
[        3.228261] pci 0000:00:15.3: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:06 
[        3.228265] pci 0000:00:15.3:     IO window: disabled 
[        3.228314] pci 0000:00:15.3:     MEM window: 0xda000000-0xda0fffff 
[        3.228348] pci 0000:00:15.3:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dc700000-0x000000dc7fffff 
[        3.228412] pci 0000:00:15.4: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:07 
[        3.228416] pci 0000:00:15.4:     IO window: disabled 
[        3.228464] pci 0000:00:15.4:     MEM window: 0xda400000-0xda4fffff 
[        3.228497] pci 0000:00:15.4:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dcb00000-0x000000dcbfffff 
[        3.228572] pci 0000:00:15.5: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:08 
[        3.228578] pci 0000:00:15.5:     IO window: disabled 
[        3.228640] pci 0000:00:15.5:     MEM window: 0xda800000-0xda8fffff 
[        3.228687] pci 0000:00:15.5:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dcf00000-0x000000dcffffff 
[        3.228766] pci 0000:00:15.6: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:09 
[        3.228770] pci 0000:00:15.6:     IO window: disabled 
[        3.228833] pci 0000:00:15.6:     MEM window: 0xdac00000-0xdacfffff 
[        3.228868] pci 0000:00:15.6:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dd300000-0x000000dd3fffff 
[        3.228947] pci 0000:00:15.7: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:0a 
[        3.228951] pci 0000:00:15.7:     IO window: disabled 
[        3.229006] pci 0000:00:15.7:     MEM window: 0xdb000000-0xdb0fffff 
[        3.229042] pci 0000:00:15.7:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dd700000-0x000000dd7fffff 
[        3.229108] pci 0000:00:16.0: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:0b 
[        3.229128] pci 0000:00:16.0:     IO window: 0x5000-0x5fff 
[        3.229176] pci 0000:00:16.0:     MEM window: 0xd9500000-0xd95fffff 
[        3.229209] pci 0000:00:16.0:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dbc00000-0x000000dbcfffff 
[        3.229274] pci 0000:00:16.1: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:0c 
[        3.229293] pci 0000:00:16.1:     IO window: 0x9000-0x9fff 
[        3.229341] pci 0000:00:16.1:     MEM window: 0xd9900000-0xd99fffff 
[        3.229374] pci 0000:00:16.1:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dc000000-0x000000dc0fffff 
[        3.229439] pci 0000:00:16.2: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:0d 
[        3.229458] pci 0000:00:16.2:     IO window: 0xd000-0xdfff 
[        3.229506] pci 0000:00:16.2:     MEM window: 0xd9d00000-0xd9dfffff 
[        3.229539] pci 0000:00:16.2:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dc400000-0x000000dc4fffff 
[        3.229604] pci 0000:00:16.3: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:0e 
[        3.229607] pci 0000:00:16.3:     IO window: disabled 
[        3.229665] pci 0000:00:16.3:     MEM window: 0xda100000-0xda1fffff 
[        3.229712] pci 0000:00:16.3:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dc800000-0x000000dc8fffff 
[        3.229782] pci 0000:00:16.4: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:0f 
[        3.229785] pci 0000:00:16.4:     IO window: disabled 
[        3.229835] pci 0000:00:16.4:     MEM window: 0xda500000-0xda5fffff 
[        3.229869] pci 0000:00:16.4:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dcc00000-0x000000dccfffff 
[        3.229934] pci 0000:00:16.5: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:10 
[        3.229937] pci 0000:00:16.5:     IO window: disabled 
[        3.229987] pci 0000:00:16.5:     MEM window: 0xda900000-0xda9fffff 
[        3.230022] pci 0000:00:16.5:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dd000000-0x000000dd0fffff 
[        3.230101] pci 0000:00:16.6: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:11 
[        3.230108] pci 0000:00:16.6:     IO window: disabled 
[        3.230158] pci 0000:00:16.6:     MEM window: 0xdad00000-0xdadfffff 
[        3.230192] pci 0000:00:16.6:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dd400000-0x000000dd4fffff 
[        3.230257] pci 0000:00:16.7: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:12 
[        3.230261] pci 0000:00:16.7:     IO window: disabled 
[        3.230309] pci 0000:00:16.7:     MEM window: 0xdb100000-0xdb1fffff 
[        3.230342] pci 0000:00:16.7:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dd800000-0x000000dd8fffff 
[        3.230407] pci 0000:00:17.0: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:13 
[        3.230438] pci 0000:00:17.0:     IO window: 0x6000-0x6fff 
[        3.230490] pci 0000:00:17.0:     MEM window: 0xd9600000-0xd96fffff 
[        3.230524] pci 0000:00:17.0:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dbd00000-0x000000dbdfffff 
[        3.230591] pci 0000:00:17.1: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:14 
[        3.230611] pci 0000:00:17.1:     IO window: 0xa000-0xafff 
[        3.230661] pci 0000:00:17.1:     MEM window: 0xd9a00000-0xd9afffff 
[        3.230694] pci 0000:00:17.1:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dc100000-0x000000dc1fffff 
[        3.230759] pci 0000:00:17.2: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:15 
[        3.230779] pci 0000:00:17.2:     IO window: 0xe000-0xefff 
[        3.230830] pci 0000:00:17.2:     MEM window: 0xd9e00000-0xd9efffff 
[        3.230864] pci 0000:00:17.2:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dc500000-0x000000dc5fffff 
[        3.230930] pci 0000:00:17.3: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:16 
[        3.230933] pci 0000:00:17.3:     IO window: disabled 
[        3.230981] pci 0000:00:17.3:     MEM window: 0xda200000-0xda2fffff 
[        3.231028] pci 0000:00:17.3:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dc900000-0x000000dc9fffff 
[        3.231095] pci 0000:00:17.4: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:17 
[        3.231099] pci 0000:00:17.4:     IO window: disabled 
[        3.231147] pci 0000:00:17.4:     MEM window: 0xda600000-0xda6fffff 
[        3.231181] pci 0000:00:17.4:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dcd00000-0x000000dcdfffff 
[        3.231245] pci 0000:00:17.5: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:18 
[        3.231249] pci 0000:00:17.5:     IO window: disabled 
[        3.231297] pci 0000:00:17.5:     MEM window: 0xdaa00000-0xdaafffff 
[        3.231331] pci 0000:00:17.5:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dd100000-0x000000dd1fffff 
[        3.231395] pci 0000:00:17.6: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:19 
[        3.231398] pci 0000:00:17.6:     IO window: disabled 
[        3.231446] pci 0000:00:17.6:     MEM window: 0xdae00000-0xdaefffff 
[        3.231479] pci 0000:00:17.6:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dd500000-0x000000dd5fffff 
[        3.231544] pci 0000:00:17.7: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:1a 
[        3.231547] pci 0000:00:17.7:     IO window: disabled 
[        3.231597] pci 0000:00:17.7:     MEM window: 0xdb200000-0xdb2fffff 
[        3.231644] pci 0000:00:17.7:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dd900000-0x000000dd9fffff 
[        3.232066] pci 0000:00:18.0: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:1b 
[        3.232087] pci 0000:00:18.0:     IO window: 0x7000-0x7fff 
[        3.232136] pci 0000:00:18.0:     MEM window: 0xd9700000-0xd97fffff 
[        3.232170] pci 0000:00:18.0:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dbe00000-0x000000dbefffff 
[        3.232236] pci 0000:00:18.1: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:1c 
[        3.232255] pci 0000:00:18.1:     IO window: 0xb000-0xbfff 
[        3.232307] pci 0000:00:18.1:     MEM window: 0xd9b00000-0xd9bfffff 
[        3.232342] pci 0000:00:18.1:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dc200000-0x000000dc2fffff 
[        3.232408] pci 0000:00:18.2: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:1d 
[        3.232427] pci 0000:00:18.2:     IO window: 0xf000-0xffff 
[        3.232476] pci 0000:00:18.2:     MEM window: 0xd9f00000-0xd9ffffff 
[        3.232510] pci 0000:00:18.2:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dc600000-0x000000dc6fffff 
[        3.232575] pci 0000:00:18.3: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:1e 
[        3.232578] pci 0000:00:18.3:     IO window: disabled 
[        3.232627] pci 0000:00:18.3:     MEM window: 0xda300000-0xda3fffff 
[        3.232660] pci 0000:00:18.3:     PREFETCH window: 0x000000dca00000-0x000000dcafffff