NSString 不可变字符串
NSMutableString 可变字符串
定义:
NSString *str = [[NSString alloc] init];
NSString *str = [[[NSString alloc] init] autorelease];
注意:在NSString 中存在自己的实例化和初始化的方法 例如:
NSString *str1 = [NSString stringWithCString:"new String" enconding: NSACIIStringEncoding];
NSString *str2 = [NSString alloc] initWithCString:"new String" enconding: NSACIIStringEncoding];
str1和str2两个对象是相同的。
NSStringEncoding 中常用的字符编码 :
NSASCIIStringEncoding
NSUTF8StringEncoding
NSUnicodeStringEncoding
NSString创建实例 :
带“@”符号的方法只能定义含有英文和数字的NSString实例,例如:
NSString *str = "Hello money~";
生成含有中文的NSString方法:
(1)此方法自动释放内存
NSString *string = [NSString stringWithCString:
"您好" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
(2)进行alloc后进行初始化
NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:
"您好" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
使用格式创建字符串:
+ (id)stringWithFormat:(NSString *)format...
- (id)initWithFormat:(NSString *)format...
例如:
NSString *str = "hello";
NSString *string = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ world",str];
NSLog(string); 结果:hello world
常用的替换符:
%@ NSString实例
%d,%D,%i 整数
%u,%U 无符号整数
%x 将无符号整数以十六进制小写字母显示
%X 将无符号整数以十六进制大写字母显示
%f 小数
%c 字符
%s C语言字符串
%% 显示%字符本身
字符串连接,插入和删除 :
1、连接
- (NSString *)stringByAppendingString:(NSString *)string;
- (NSString *)stringByAppendingFormat:(NSString *)format...;
例如:
NSString *str1 = @"hello";
NSString *str2 = @"world";
NSString *str3 = [str1 stringByAppendingString:str2];
NSString *str4 = [str2 stringByAppendingFormat:
@"%d...%d",10,20];
str4 --> world 10...20
NSMutableString的生成:
NSString + (id)string; //生成空字符串的实例
+ (id)stringWithString:(NSString *)string; //带自动释放内存
- (id)initWithString:(NSString *)string;
例如:
NSMutableString *string =
[NSMutableString stringWithString:@"hello"];
2、追加字符串
NSMutableString
+ (void)appendString:(NSString *)string;
- (void)appendFormat:(NSString *)format...;
例如:
NSMutableString string = [NSMutableString string];
[string appendString:@"hello"];
[string appendString:@"money"];
[string appendString:@" and world"];
3、插入字符串
NSMutableString
+ (void)insertString:(NSString *)string atIndex:(unsigned)index;
从index位置插入字符串
例如:
NSMutableString *string =
[NSMutableString stringWithString:@"Mac X"];
[string insertString:@"OS" atIndex:4];
string --> Mac OS X
4、删除字符串
NSMutableString
+ (void)deleteCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range;
例如:
NSMutableString *myString =
[NSMutableString stringWithString:@"Mac os"];
[myString deleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRanger(0,1)];
等价于:
NSMutableString * myString =
[NSMutableString stringWithString:@"Mac os"];
NSRange range = [myString rangeofString:@”M”];
[myString deleteCharactersInRange:range];
之后myString 就变成了ac os;
5、字符串比较
NSString
- (BOOL)isEqualToString:(NSString *)string;
6、比较前置串和后置串
NSString
- (BOOL)hasPrefix:(NSString *)string;
- (BOOL)hasSuffix:(NSString *)string;
例如:
NSString *str1 = @"Mac OS";
NSString *str2 = @"Mac Pro";
BOOL flag;
flag = [str1 hasPrefix:@"Mac"]; YES
flag = [str2 hasSuffix:@"OS"]; NO
7、字符串检索
如果找到就返回范围,否则NSRange的location项被设置为NSNotFound
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)subString;
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)subString
option:(unsigned)mask;
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)subString
option:(unsigned)mask range:(NSRange)range;
mask常用选项列表:
NSCaseInsensitiveSearch 不区分字母大小写
NSLiteralSearch 对字符串进行字节单位的比较,一般可提高检索速度
NSBackwardsSearch 从范围的末尾开始检索
NSAnchoredSearch 仅检索制定范围的前部。忽略字符串中间的检索字符
例如:
NSString *string = @"hello world";
NSRange range = [string rangeOfString:@"he"];
if(range.location != NSNotFound)
{
NSLog(@" location=%d,length=%d",range.location,range.length);
}
8、截取字符串
(1)返回字符串开头至index位的字符串 不包含索引位
- (NSString *)substringToIndex:(unsigned)index;
(2)返回字符串第index位至末尾的字符串 包含索引位
- (NSString *)substringFromIndex:(unsigned)index;
(3)返回字符串中范围range内的字符串 包含索引位
- (NSString *)substringWithRange:(NSRange)range;
例如:
NSString *string = [string substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(5,2)];
9、读取文本文件
NSString
+ (id)stringWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path
usedEncoding:(NSStringEncoding *)enc error:(NSError **)error //自动释放内存
- (id)initWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path
encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error
例如:
NSString *string = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile
:@"/user/test/LFF.txt" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error: nil]
还有一个更强大的方法:
//NSURL *url = [[NSURL alloc] initWithString:
@"file:///Users/apple/Desktop/1.txt"];
NSURL *url = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:
@"/Users/apple/Desktop/1.txt"];
NSString *s6 = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url encoding:
NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
NSLog(@"s6=\n%@", s6);
使用读取URL的方法,不仅可以读取本地资源,还可以读取网络资源,但要注意资源路径的格式:
URL : 资源路径
协议头://路径
file://
ftp://
10、将字符串写入文本文件
NSString
-(BOOL)writeToFile:(NSString*)path atomically:
(BOOL)useAuxiliaryFile encoding: (NSStringEncoding)
enc error:(NSError **)error
例如:[@"Jack\nJack" writeToFile:@"/Users/apple/Desktop/my.txt" atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];