Spark集群启动python shell错误： Could not resolve hostname localhost: Temporary failure

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Spark集群部署参考：点击查看

最近在自己搭建的平台上测试spark-python脚本，发现一个错误如下：

<span style="font-size:14px;">[master@slave1 spark]$ bin/pyspark 
Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Jul 23 2015, 15:22:56) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-11)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
/opt/spark/python/pyspark/sql/context.py:477: DeprecationWarning: HiveContext is deprecated in Spark 2.0.0. Please use SparkSession.builder.enableHiveSupport().getOrCreate() instead.
  DeprecationWarning)
Setting default log level to "WARN".
To adjust logging level use sc.setLogLevel(newLevel).
16/08/01 02:33:38 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/opt/spark/python/pyspark/shell.py", line 43, in <module>
    spark = SparkSession.builder\
  File "/opt/spark/python/pyspark/sql/session.py", line 169, in getOrCreate
    sc = SparkContext.getOrCreate(sparkConf)
  File "/opt/spark/python/pyspark/context.py", line 294, in getOrCreate
    SparkContext(conf=conf or SparkConf())
  File "/opt/spark/python/pyspark/context.py", line 115, in __init__
    conf, jsc, profiler_cls)
  File "/opt/spark/python/pyspark/context.py", line 174, in _do_init
    self._accumulatorServer = accumulators._start_update_server()
  File "/opt/spark/python/pyspark/accumulators.py", line 259, in _start_update_server
    server = AccumulatorServer(("localhost", 0), _UpdateRequestHandler)
  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/SocketServer.py", line 412, in __init__
    self.server_bind()
  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/SocketServer.py", line 423, in server_bind
    self.socket.bind(self.server_address)
  File "<string>", line 1, in bind
socket.gaierror: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution
>>> num = sc.parallelize([1,2,3,4])
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'sc' is not defined</span>

刚开始无从下手，找不到错误的原因，过了一天之后再去看这个问题的时候，仔细一看是socket 即通信的问题，于是谷歌搜索了一番，终于知道原因了：

原因：

      ssh 不能登录localhost 使用 ssh localhost 也报同样的错误说明免密码登录不能登录自己   

      这是因为我在配置hadoop集群时直接清除了/etc/hosts文件里的内容，所以在这里致使ssh localhost 不通

解决办法：

      在/etc/hosts文件中加入以下内容：

<span style="font-size:14px;">localhost localhost4.localdomain4
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6</span>