摘要:在我们录入数据时,对数据有效性的验证是必不可少的,
ActiveRecord
中如何去验证数据的有效性呢?本文将详细介绍这一内容。
主要内容
1
.概述
2
.使用Validation
3
.如何扩展
4.深入分析验证
一.概述
在录入数据时,对数据有效性的验证是必不可少的,很多时候我们在
UI
层上就会做一层验证,但有时也需要在底层做一些必要的处理,这就要用到
ActiveRecord
中的数据有效性的验证。
ActiveRecord
为我们提供了如下几个验证:
n
ValidateEmail
n
ValidateIsUnique
n
ValidateRegExp
n
ValidateNotEmpty
n
ValidateConfirmation
二.如何使用
为了使用上面这些验证,我们必须用
ActiveRecordValidationBase
来代替
ActiveRecordBase
,即实体类必须继承于
ActiveRecordValidationBase
。
[ActiveRecord(
"
Customs
"
)]
public class Custom : ActiveRecordValidationBase
{
//
}
public class Custom : ActiveRecordValidationBase
{
//
}
ActiveRecordValidationBase 类为我们提供了如下一个方法和属性:
方法
|
属性
|
说明
|
IsValid()
|
返回验证是否通过
|
ValidationErrorMessages
|
获取验证错误信息数组
|
下面看一个完整的例子代码,在这个程序中我们需要验证用户名不能为空,
Email
地址、邮政编码、电话号码的格式是否正确
[ActiveRecord(
"
Customs
"
)]
public class Custom : ActiveRecordValidationBase
{
private int _id;
private string _name;
private string _email;
private string _address;
private string _post;
private string _phone;
[PrimaryKey(PrimaryKeyType.Native)]
public int ID
{
get { return this._id; }
set { this._id = value; }
}
[Property,ValidateNotEmpty]
public string Name
{
get { return this._name; }
set { this._name = value; }
}
[Property,ValidateEmail]
public string Email
{
get { return this._email; }
set { this._email = value; }
}
[Property]
public string Address
{
get { return this._address; }
set { this._address = value; }
}
[Property,ValidateRegExp(@"\d{6}")]
public string Post
{
get { return this._post; }
set { this._post = value; }
}
[Property,ValidateRegExp(@"(\(\d{3,4}\)|\d{3,4}-)?\d{8}")]
public string Phone
{
get { return this._phone; }
set { this._phone = value; }
}
public static void DeleteAll()
{
ActiveRecordBase.DeleteAll(typeof(Custom));
}
public static Custom[] FindAll()
{
return ((Custom[])(ActiveRecordBase.FindAll(typeof(Custom))));
}
}
public class Custom : ActiveRecordValidationBase
{
private int _id;
private string _name;
private string _email;
private string _address;
private string _post;
private string _phone;
[PrimaryKey(PrimaryKeyType.Native)]
public int ID
{
get { return this._id; }
set { this._id = value; }
}
[Property,ValidateNotEmpty]
public string Name
{
get { return this._name; }
set { this._name = value; }
}
[Property,ValidateEmail]
public string Email
{
get { return this._email; }
set { this._email = value; }
}
[Property]
public string Address
{
get { return this._address; }
set { this._address = value; }
}
[Property,ValidateRegExp(@"\d{6}")]
public string Post
{
get { return this._post; }
set { this._post = value; }
}
[Property,ValidateRegExp(@"(\(\d{3,4}\)|\d{3,4}-)?\d{8}")]
public string Phone
{
get { return this._phone; }
set { this._phone = value; }
}
public static void DeleteAll()
{
ActiveRecordBase.DeleteAll(typeof(Custom));
}
public static Custom[] FindAll()
{
return ((Custom[])(ActiveRecordBase.FindAll(typeof(Custom))));
}
}
编写一些简单的测试代码,大家有兴趣可以看一下:
[Test]
public void TestNameValidation()
{
//姓名为空
Custom custom = new Custom();
custom.Address = "TianJin";
custom.Email = "[email]lhj_cauc@hotmail.com[/email]";
custom.Phone = "022-24096356";
custom.Post = "300192";
//错误消息数
int expectedError = 1;
Assert.IsFalse(custom.IsValid());
Assert.AreEqual(expectedError,custom.ValidationErrorMessages.Length);
}
[Test]
public void TestPostValidation()
{
//邮政编码错误、Email错误
Custom custom = new Custom();
custom.Name = "Terry Lee";
custom.Email = "lhj_cauc#hotmail.com";
custom.Phone = "022-24096356";
custom.Post = "222t";
custom.Address = "Tianjin";
//错误消息数
int expectedError = 2;
Assert.IsFalse(custom.IsValid());
Assert.AreEqual(expectedError,custom.ValidationErrorMessages.Length);
}
[Test]
public void TestAllValidation()
{
//全部正确
Custom custom = new Custom();
custom.Name = "Terry Lee";
custom.Email = "[email]lhj_cauc@hotmail.com[/email]";
custom.Phone = "022-24096335";
custom.Address = "TianJin";
custom.Post = "300192";
//错误消息数
int expectedError = 0;
Assert.IsTrue(custom.IsValid());
Assert.AreEqual(expectedError,custom.ValidationErrorMessages.Length);
}
public void TestNameValidation()
{
//姓名为空
Custom custom = new Custom();
custom.Address = "TianJin";
custom.Email = "[email]lhj_cauc@hotmail.com[/email]";
custom.Phone = "022-24096356";
custom.Post = "300192";
//错误消息数
int expectedError = 1;
Assert.IsFalse(custom.IsValid());
Assert.AreEqual(expectedError,custom.ValidationErrorMessages.Length);
}
[Test]
public void TestPostValidation()
{
//邮政编码错误、Email错误
Custom custom = new Custom();
custom.Name = "Terry Lee";
custom.Email = "lhj_cauc#hotmail.com";
custom.Phone = "022-24096356";
custom.Post = "222t";
custom.Address = "Tianjin";
//错误消息数
int expectedError = 2;
Assert.IsFalse(custom.IsValid());
Assert.AreEqual(expectedError,custom.ValidationErrorMessages.Length);
}
[Test]
public void TestAllValidation()
{
//全部正确
Custom custom = new Custom();
custom.Name = "Terry Lee";
custom.Email = "[email]lhj_cauc@hotmail.com[/email]";
custom.Phone = "022-24096335";
custom.Address = "TianJin";
custom.Post = "300192";
//错误消息数
int expectedError = 0;
Assert.IsTrue(custom.IsValid());
Assert.AreEqual(expectedError,custom.ValidationErrorMessages.Length);
}
三.如何扩展
上面这些验证已经能够满足我们绝大多数的需求,但是我们也可以去添加自己的验证。来看看
ActiveRecord
中的
Validation
的类结构图(只画出了部分)
通过上图可以看到,如果想添加自己的验证,需要有一个继承
AbstractValidator
和继承于
AbstractValidationAttribute
的类就可以了,具体可以参考
ActiveRecord
的代码。
四.深入分析验证
通过上面的分析我们都知道所有的实体类都继承于
ActiveRecordValidationBase
基类,那么ActiveRecord是如何通过特性来进行验证的呢?下面我们结合源码进一步分析一下。
我们在属性上加上了验证, Attribute并不做任何实质性的工作,它只是调用验证器进行验证,先来看一下ValidateNotEmptyAttribute的代码:
[Serializable]
public class ValidateNotEmptyAttribute : AbstractValidationAttribute
{
public ValidateNotEmptyAttribute() : base(new NullCheckValidator())
{
}
public ValidateNotEmptyAttribute(String errorMessage) : base(new NullCheckValidator(), errorMessage)
{
}
}
public class ValidateNotEmptyAttribute : AbstractValidationAttribute
{
public ValidateNotEmptyAttribute() : base(new NullCheckValidator())
{
}
public ValidateNotEmptyAttribute(String errorMessage) : base(new NullCheckValidator(), errorMessage)
{
}
}
所有验证工作都是在 Validator中进行的,以 NullCheckValidator为例来看它做了什么操作:
[Serializable]
public class NullCheckValidator : AbstractValidator
{
public NullCheckValidator()
{
}
public override bool Perform(object instance, object fieldValue)
{
return fieldValue != null && fieldValue.ToString().Length != 0;
}
protected override string BuildErrorMessage()
{
return String.Format("{0} is not optional.", Property.Name);
}
}
public class NullCheckValidator : AbstractValidator
{
public NullCheckValidator()
{
}
public override bool Perform(object instance, object fieldValue)
{
return fieldValue != null && fieldValue.ToString().Length != 0;
}
protected override string BuildErrorMessage()
{
return String.Format("{0} is not optional.", Property.Name);
}
}
这个类其实很简单,但我们注意到有一个 Perform的方法,正是这个方法完成了验证工作,拿这个例子来说,如果字段的值为空或长度等于零就返回 false,否则为 true。对于正则验证等其他的也都是在这个方法中完成。回到 ActiveRecordValidationBase中去,看这个类初始化的时候做了什么操作?
/// <summary>
/// Constructs an ActiveRecordValidationBase
/// </summary>
public ActiveRecordValidationBase()
{
CollectValidators( this.GetType() );
}
/// <summary>
/// Collect the validations applied to this class properties.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="targetType"></param>
private void CollectValidators( Type targetType )
{
ActiveRecordModel model = GetModel( targetType );
if (model == null)
{
throw new ActiveRecordException("Seems that the framework wasn't initialized properly. (ActiveRecordModel could not obtained)");
}
__validators.AddRange( model.Validators );
while( model.Parent != null )
{
__validators.AddRange( model.Parent.Validators );
model = model.Parent;
}
}
/// Constructs an ActiveRecordValidationBase
/// </summary>
public ActiveRecordValidationBase()
{
CollectValidators( this.GetType() );
}
/// <summary>
/// Collect the validations applied to this class properties.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="targetType"></param>
private void CollectValidators( Type targetType )
{
ActiveRecordModel model = GetModel( targetType );
if (model == null)
{
throw new ActiveRecordException("Seems that the framework wasn't initialized properly. (ActiveRecordModel could not obtained)");
}
__validators.AddRange( model.Validators );
while( model.Parent != null )
{
__validators.AddRange( model.Parent.Validators );
model = model.Parent;
}
}
在初始化的时候,通过
ActiveRecordModel
获取到当前实体所有属性对应的
Validator
,并放在了一个
ArrayList
中去,然后在
IsValid()
方法中再逐一调用
Validator
的
Perform()
方法来判断验证是否通过,因为所有的验证器都实现了Ivalidator。如果有验证发生错误,则把错误信息保存再一个字符数组中,可以通过属性ValidationErrorMessages来获取错误信息。
public
bool
IsValid()
{
ArrayList errorlist = new ArrayList();
__failedProperties = new Hashtable();
foreach(IValidator validator in __validators)
{
if (!validator.Perform(this))
{
String errorMessage = validator.ErrorMessage;
errorlist.Add( errorMessage );
ArrayList items = null;
if (__failedProperties.Contains(validator.Property))
{
items = (ArrayList) __failedProperties[validator.Property];
}
else
{
items = new ArrayList();
__failedProperties[validator.Property] = items;
}
items.Add(errorMessage);
}
}
_errorMessages = (String[]) errorlist.ToArray( typeof(String) );
return errorlist.Count == 0;
}
{
ArrayList errorlist = new ArrayList();
__failedProperties = new Hashtable();
foreach(IValidator validator in __validators)
{
if (!validator.Perform(this))
{
String errorMessage = validator.ErrorMessage;
errorlist.Add( errorMessage );
ArrayList items = null;
if (__failedProperties.Contains(validator.Property))
{
items = (ArrayList) __failedProperties[validator.Property];
}
else
{
items = new ArrayList();
__failedProperties[validator.Property] = items;
}
items.Add(errorMessage);
}
}
_errorMessages = (String[]) errorlist.ToArray( typeof(String) );
return errorlist.Count == 0;
}
在
ActiveRecord
中的数据有效性验证就介绍到这儿了,下篇我会介绍
ActiveRecord
常用的一些技巧。
[
非常感谢
idior
大哥提出的意见
]
本文转自lihuijun51CTO博客,原文链接:
http://blog.51cto.com/terrylee/67666
,如需转载请自行联系原作者