摘要:本文将会介绍使用ActiveRecord中的一些技巧。
主要内容
1
.由实体类生成数据表
2
.运行存在的
SQL
脚本
3
.使用空属类型
4
.使用枚举类型的属性
5
.使用
NHibernate
中的日志记录
一.由实体类生成数据表
在前面所用到的例子中我们都是先有数据表结构,然后才有实体类,然而这会让很多朋友认为
ORM
怎么变成了
ROM
了,其实这只是我们平时的一个开发时的习惯问题,
ActiveRecord
是支持先有实体类,再由实体类生成数据库表。只不过我们可以在开发中根据项目的实际情况在这两种之间选择。看下面的代码,要生成数据库表结构,在实体类中需要多提供一些信息,是否为空,字段长度等。
[ActiveRecord(
"
Blogs
"
)]
public class Blog : ActiveRecordBase
{
private int _id;
private String _name;
private String _author;
[PrimaryKey(PrimaryKeyType.Native, "blog_id")]
public int Id
{
get { return _id; }
set { _id = value; }
}
[Property("blog_name", NotNull=true, Length=25)]
public String Name
{
get { return _name; }
set { _name = value; }
}
[Property("blog_author", NotNull=true, Length=50)]
public String Author
{
get { return _author; }
set { _author = value; }
}
}
public class Blog : ActiveRecordBase
{
private int _id;
private String _name;
private String _author;
[PrimaryKey(PrimaryKeyType.Native, "blog_id")]
public int Id
{
get { return _id; }
set { _id = value; }
}
[Property("blog_name", NotNull=true, Length=25)]
public String Name
{
get { return _name; }
set { _name = value; }
}
[Property("blog_author", NotNull=true, Length=50)]
public String Author
{
get { return _author; }
set { _author = value; }
}
}
要生成数据库表需要调用 ActiveRecordStarter.CreateSchema() 方法就可以了。
public
void
Initli()
{
XmlConfigurationSource source = new XmlConfigurationSource("MyConfig.xml");
ActiveRecordStarter.Initialize( source, typeof(Blog),typeof(Post),typeof(Custom));
ActiveRecordStarter.CreateSchema();
}
{
XmlConfigurationSource source = new XmlConfigurationSource("MyConfig.xml");
ActiveRecordStarter.Initialize( source, typeof(Blog),typeof(Post),typeof(Custom));
ActiveRecordStarter.CreateSchema();
}
这里需要注意两点:
看一下 ActiveRecord 提供的空属类型与实际类型对照表
在使用该实体类的 StatusType 属性时,可以这样赋值:
初始化配置在调用 ActiveRecordStarter.Initialize() 方法之前
1
.生成数据库表时只有当该表不存在时
ActiveRecord
才会生成,否则表如果存在
ActiveRecord
不会做任何事情,也不会报任何错误。
2
.如果在实体类中没有指定字段的长度和是否为空,则默认生成的字段是允许为空的,且字符类生成后的字段类型为
Nvarchar
,长度为
255
。
二.运行存在的
SQL
脚本
有时候我们会想在
ActiveRecord
框架启动时运行一个已经存在的
SQL
脚本来生成数据库表结构,
ActiveRecord
同样也提供了这样的功能,通过调用
ActiveRecordStarter.CreateSchemaFromFile()
来实现。示例代码如下:
public
void
Initli()
{
XmlConfigurationSource source = new XmlConfigurationSource("MyConfig.xml");
ActiveRecordStarter.Initialize( source, typeof(Blog));
ActiveRecordStarter.CreateSchemaFromFile("MySqlScript.sql");
}
{
XmlConfigurationSource source = new XmlConfigurationSource("MyConfig.xml");
ActiveRecordStarter.Initialize( source, typeof(Blog));
ActiveRecordStarter.CreateSchemaFromFile("MySqlScript.sql");
}
三.使用空属类型
在进行数据库操作时,有时候需要进行空值的处理,在
ActiveRecord
中给我们提供了一组空属类型,可以方便的进行处理,比如可以这样写属性:
[Property]
public NullableDateTime CreatedDate
{
get { return _createdDate; }
set { _createdDate = value; }
}
[Property]
public NullableInt32 Count
{
get { return _count; }
set { _count = value; }
}
public NullableDateTime CreatedDate
{
get { return _createdDate; }
set { _createdDate = value; }
}
[Property]
public NullableInt32 Count
{
get { return _count; }
set { _count = value; }
}
看一下 ActiveRecord 提供的空属类型与实际类型对照表
CLR Basic Type
|
Nullable Type
|
System.Boolean
|
Nullables.NullableBoolean
|
System.Byte
|
Nullables.NullableByte
|
System.Char
|
Nullables.NullableChar
|
System.DateTime
|
Nullables.NullableDateTime
|
System.Decimal
|
Nullables.NullableDecimal
|
System.Double
|
Nullables.NullableDouble
|
System.Guid
|
Nullables.NullableGuid
|
System.Int16
|
Nullables.NullableInt16
|
System.Int32
|
Nullables.NullableInt32
|
System.Int64
|
Nullables.NullableInt64
|
System.SByte
|
Nullables.NullableSByte
|
System.Single
|
Nullables.NullableSingle
|
注意在使用空属类型时需要添加以下引用
Nullables.dll
Nullables.NHibernate.dll
Nullables.NHibernate.dll
四.使用枚举类型属性
在
ActiveRecord
中我们可以定义一个属性的类型为枚举类型,示例代码:
public
class
Post : ActiveRecordBase
{
//
private StatusType _status_type_id;
public enum StatusType
{
Editing = 0,
Published = 1,
Archived = 2
}
[Property("status_id")]
public StatusType Status
{
get { return _status_type_id; }
set { _status_type_id = value; }
}
}
{
//
private StatusType _status_type_id;
public enum StatusType
{
Editing = 0,
Published = 1,
Archived = 2
}
[Property("status_id")]
public StatusType Status
{
get { return _status_type_id; }
set { _status_type_id = value; }
}
}
在使用该实体类的 StatusType 属性时,可以这样赋值:
Post.Status
=
Post.StatusType.Archived;
五.使用
NHibernate
的日志记录
用过
NHibernate
的朋友都知道,
NHibernate
是用
Log4net
来记录日志的,在
ActiveRecord
中也可以通过简单的配置来使用
Log4net
记录。配置示例:
<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"
?>
< configuration >
< configSections >
< section name ="nhibernate" type ="System.Configuration.NameValueSectionHandler, System, Version=1.0.5000.0,Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" />
< section name ="activerecord" type ="Castle.ActiveRecord.Framework.Config.ActiveRecordSectionHandler, Castle.ActiveRecord" />
< section name ="log4net" type ="log4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler, log4net" />
</ configSections >
< activerecord >
</ activerecord >
< log4net >
<!-- Define some output appenders -->
< appener name ="trace" type ="log4net.Appender.TraceAppender, log4net" > Õ
< layout type ="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout,log4net" >
< param name ="ConversionPattern" value ="%d [%t] %-5p %c [%x] <%P{user}> - %m%n" />
</ layout >
</ appener > Õ
< appener name ="console" type ="log4net.Appender.ConsoleAppender, log4net" > Õ
< layout type ="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout,log4net" >
< param name ="ConversionPattern" value ="%d [%t] %-5p %c [%x] <%P{user}> - %m%n" />
</ layout >
</ appener > Õ
< appener name ="rollingFile" type ="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender,log4net" > Õ
< param name ="File" value ="log.txt" />
< param name ="AppendToFile" value ="true" />
< param name ="RollingStyle" value ="Date" />
< param name ="DatePattern" value ="yyyy.MM.dd" />
< param name ="StaticLogFileName" value ="true" />
< layout type ="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout,log4net" >
< param name ="ConversionPattern" value ="%d [%t] %-5p %c [%x] <%X{auth}> - %m%n" />
</ layout >
</ appener > Õ
< root >
<!-- priority value can be set to ALL|INFO|WARN|ERROR -->
< priority value ="ALL" />
< appener-ref ref ="rollingFile" /> Õ
</ root >
</ log4net >
< nhibernate >
<!-- with this set to true, SQL statements will output to the console window if it's a console app -->
< add key ="hibernate.show_sql" value ="true" />
</ nhibernate >
</ configuration >
< configuration >
< configSections >
< section name ="nhibernate" type ="System.Configuration.NameValueSectionHandler, System, Version=1.0.5000.0,Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" />
< section name ="activerecord" type ="Castle.ActiveRecord.Framework.Config.ActiveRecordSectionHandler, Castle.ActiveRecord" />
< section name ="log4net" type ="log4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler, log4net" />
</ configSections >
< activerecord >
</ activerecord >
< log4net >
<!-- Define some output appenders -->
< appener name ="trace" type ="log4net.Appender.TraceAppender, log4net" > Õ
< layout type ="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout,log4net" >
< param name ="ConversionPattern" value ="%d [%t] %-5p %c [%x] <%P{user}> - %m%n" />
</ layout >
</ appener > Õ
< appener name ="console" type ="log4net.Appender.ConsoleAppender, log4net" > Õ
< layout type ="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout,log4net" >
< param name ="ConversionPattern" value ="%d [%t] %-5p %c [%x] <%P{user}> - %m%n" />
</ layout >
</ appener > Õ
< appener name ="rollingFile" type ="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender,log4net" > Õ
< param name ="File" value ="log.txt" />
< param name ="AppendToFile" value ="true" />
< param name ="RollingStyle" value ="Date" />
< param name ="DatePattern" value ="yyyy.MM.dd" />
< param name ="StaticLogFileName" value ="true" />
< layout type ="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout,log4net" >
< param name ="ConversionPattern" value ="%d [%t] %-5p %c [%x] <%X{auth}> - %m%n" />
</ layout >
</ appener > Õ
< root >
<!-- priority value can be set to ALL|INFO|WARN|ERROR -->
< priority value ="ALL" />
< appener-ref ref ="rollingFile" /> Õ
</ root >
</ log4net >
< nhibernate >
<!-- with this set to true, SQL statements will output to the console window if it's a console app -->
< add key ="hibernate.show_sql" value ="true" />
</ nhibernate >
</ configuration >
初始化配置在调用 ActiveRecordStarter.Initialize() 方法之前
public
void
Initli()
{
XmlConfigurationSource source = new XmlConfigurationSource("MyConfig.xml");
log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator.Configure();
ActiveRecordStarter.Initialize( source, typeof(Blog));
}
{
XmlConfigurationSource source = new XmlConfigurationSource("MyConfig.xml");
log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator.Configure();
ActiveRecordStarter.Initialize( source, typeof(Blog));
}
六.
Hooks
比如说我们想在保存的时候设置 Post 的创建时间为当前时间,可以这样去写
有时候我们会在保存,加载,删除等操作时做一些必需的处理,这时可以通过重载以下三个方法来实现:
BeforeSave(IDictionary state)
BeforeLoad(IDictionary state)
BeforeDelete(IDictionary state)
BeforeLoad(IDictionary state)
BeforeDelete(IDictionary state)
比如说我们想在保存的时候设置 Post 的创建时间为当前时间,可以这样去写
protected
override
bool
BeforeSave(IDictionary state)
{
state["Created"] = DateTime.Now;
return true;
}
{
state["Created"] = DateTime.Now;
return true;
}
本文就到这里了,同时本篇也是
Castle ActiveRecord
学习实践系列的最后一篇,过几天我会提供一个完整的
ActiveRecord
的例子程序。下面有时间我会继续写
Castle
中的其他部分,包括
IOC
及
Facility
,
Aspect#
,
DynamicProxy
等。
本文转自lihuijun51CTO博客,原文链接:
http://blog.51cto.com/terrylee/67667
,如需转载请自行联系原作者