静态路由

实验目的：练习静态路由的递归查找。

实验拓扑：

配置步骤：

R1:

ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.2.2 //如果R1上有数据包到达3.3.3.3的话，在路由表中会把下一跳送到10.1.2.2，但是由于地址为10.1.2.2 不是自己直连的，所以在一次通过查表得到下一跳是10.1.1.2，于是把他送到R2。这就是所谓的递归查找。也是路由表查询的一条规则。

ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.2

R1#show ip route static

3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S 3.3.3.0 [1/0] via 10.1.2.2

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets

S 10.1.2.0 [1/0] via 10.1.1.2

R3：

R3#show ip route static

1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S 1.1.1.0 [1/0] via 10.1.1.1

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets

S 10.1.1.0 [1/0] via 10.1.2.1

ip route 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.1

ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.2.1

实验结果：递归查询不是一种很好的实现方法，因为他比较耗费路由器的资源。

实验目的：理解路由表查询的原则之一最长匹配。

实验拓扑：

配置步骤：

R1：

ip route 3.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.1.1.2

ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 Null0 //为了验证路由表查询的最长匹配，在这里写了一条最长的掩码。等会在R1上ping 3.3.3.3时，如果匹配ip route 3.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.1.1.2的话，在R3上debug时会有相应的调试信息出来，如果没有的话，说明匹配下一条路由。

ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.2

R1# show ip route st

3.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

S 3.3.3.0/24 is directly connected, Null0

S 3.0.0.0/8 [1/0] via 10.1.1.2

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets

S 10.1.2.0 [1/0] via 10.1.1.2

R1#ping 3.3.3.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

.....//不能ping通

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

R1#debug ip packet

IP packet debugging is on

R1#ping 3.3.3.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

00:32:43: IP: tableid=0, s=1.1.1.1 (local), d=3.3.3.3 (Null0), routed via RIB//说明匹配了NULL0 的路由。

00:32:43: IP: s=1.1.1.1 (local), d=3.3.3.3 (Null0), len 100, sending.

00:32:45: IP: tableid=0, s=1.1.1.1 (local), d=3.3.3.3 (Null0), routed via RIB

00:32:45: IP: s=1.1.1.1 (local), d=3.3.3.3 (Null0), len 100, sending.

00:32:47: IP: tableid=0, s=1.1.1.1 (local), d=3.3.3.3 (Null0), routed via RIB

00:32:47: IP: s=1.1.1.1 (local), d=3.3.3.3 (Null0), len 100, sending.

00:32:49: IP: tableid=0, s=1.1.1.1 (local), d=3.3.3.3 (Null0), routed via RIB

00:32:49: IP: s=1.1.1.1 (local), d=3.3.3.3 (Null0), len 100, sending.

00:32:51: IP: tableid=0, s=1.1.1.1 (local), d=3.3.3.3 (Null0), routed via RIB

00:32:51: IP: s=1.1.1.1 (local), d=3.3.3.3 (Null0), len 100, sending.

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

R3：

R3#debug ip packet

IP packet debugging is on

R3#

实验结果：

通过实验得出:在路由表同时存在到达同一目的地的路由时，路由会根据最长匹配的原则对其进行查找。

实验目的：

1.通过写静态路由实现负载均衡

2.同时存在两条路由时，要求直走一个路径（浮动静态路由）

实验拓扑：

配置步骤：

R1:

ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 Serial1/1

ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 FastEthernet0/0

ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 Serial1/1

ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 FastEthernet0/0

ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 Serial1/1

R1# show ip route static

2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1

is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S 3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1

is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets

S 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1

R2:

ip route 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 Serial1/0

ip route 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 FastEthernet0/0

ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 Serial1/1

ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 FastEthernet0/0

R2# show ip route static

1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0

is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S 3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1

is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

R3：

ip route 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 Serial1/0

ip route 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 FastEthernet0/0

ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 Serial1/0

ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 FastEthernet0/0

ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 Serial1/0

R3#show ip route static

1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0

is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0

is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets

S 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0

本文转自 gehailong 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/gehailong/297350，如需转载请自行联系原作者