Centos下部署DRBD+NFS+Keepalived高可用环境记录

简介:

使用NFS服务器(比如图片业务),一台为主,一台为备。通常主到备的数据同步是通过rsync来做(可以结合inotify做实时同步)。由于NFS服务是存在单点的,出于对业务在线率和数据安全的保障,可以采用"DRBD+NFS+Keepalived"架构来完成高可用方案部署。之前介绍了DRBD详细解说及配置过程记录,废话不多说了,基于之前的那篇文档的机器配置信息,以下记录部署过程:

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思路:
1)在两台机器上安装keepalived,VIP为192.168.1.200
2)将DRBD的挂载目录 /data 作为NFS的挂载目录。远程客户机使用vip地址挂载NFS
3)当Primary主机发生宕机或NFS挂了的故障时,Secondary主机提权升级为DRBD的主节点,并且VIP资源也会转移过来。
    当Primary主机的故障恢复时,会再次变为DRBD的主节点,并重新夺回VIP资源。从而实现故障转移
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary和Secondary两台主机的DRBD环境部署,参见http: //www .cnblogs.com /kevingrace/p/5740940 .html
  
Primary主机(192.168.1.151)默认作为DRBD的主节点,DRBD挂载目录是 /data
Secondary主机(192.168.1.152)是DRBD的备份节点
  
在Primary主机上查看DRBD状态,如下,可知Primary主机是DRBD的主节点
[root@Primary ~] # /etc/init.d/drbd status
drbd driver loaded OK; device status:
version: 8.3.16 (api:88 /proto :86-97)
GIT- hash : a798fa7e274428a357657fb52f0ecf40192c1985 build by phil@Build64R6, 2014-11-24 14:51:37
m:res  cs         ro                 ds                 p  mounted  fstype
0:r0   Connected  Primary /Secondary   UpToDate /UpToDate   C   /data     ext4
  
如下,DRBD已完成挂载,挂载目录是 /data
[root@Primary ~] # df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
                       156G   36G  112G  25% /
tmpfs                 2.9G     0  2.9G   0%  /dev/shm
/dev/vda1              190M   98M   83M  55%  /boot
/dev/drbd0             9.8G   23M  9.2G   1%  /data
  
DRBD数据如下
[root@Primary ~] # cd /data
[root@Primary data] # ll
total 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9 May 25 09:33 test3
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5 May 25 09:34 wangshibo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5 May 25 09:34 wangshibo1
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5 May 25 09:34 wangshibo2
  
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
在Primary和Secondary两台主机上安装NFS(可以参考:http: //www .cnblogs.com /kevingrace/p/6084604 .html)
[root@Primary ~] # yum install rpcbind nfs-utils
[root@Primary ~] # vim /etc/exports
/data  192.168.1.0 /24 (rw, sync ,no_root_squash)
  
[root@Primary ~] # /etc/init.d/rpcbind start
[root@Primary ~] # /etc/init.d/nfs start
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
关闭两台主机的iptables防火墙
防火墙最好关闭,否则可能导致客户机挂载nfs时会失败!
若开启防火墙,需要在iptables中开放nfs相关端口机以及VRRP组播地址
[root@Primary ~] # /etc/init.d/iptables stop
 
两台机器上的selinux一定要关闭!!!!!!!!!!
否则下面在keepalived.conf里配置的notify_master.sh等脚本执行失败!这是曾经踩过的坑!
[root@Primary ~] # setenforce 0     //临时关闭。永久关闭的话,还需要在/etc/sysconfig/selinux 文件里将SELINUX改为disabled
[root@Primary ~] # getenforce
Permissive
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
在两台主机上安装Keepalived,配合keepalived实现自动fail-over
  
安装Keepalived
[root@Primary ~] # yum install -y openssl-devel popt-devel
[root@Primary ~] # cd /usr/local/src/
[root@Primary src] # wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.3.5.tar.gz
[root@Primary src] # tar -zvxf keepalived-1.3.5.tar.gz
[root@Primary src] # cd keepalived-1.3.5
[root@Primary keepalived-1.3.5] # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
[root@Primary keepalived-1.3.5] # make && make install
        
[root@Primary keepalived-1.3.5] # cp /usr/local/src/keepalived-1.3.5/keepalived/etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/
[root@Primary keepalived-1.3.5] # cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
[root@Primary keepalived-1.3.5] # mkdir /etc/keepalived/
[root@Primary keepalived-1.3.5] # cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
[root@Primary keepalived-1.3.5] # cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
[root@Primary keepalived-1.3.5] # echo "/etc/init.d/keepalived start" >> /etc/rc.local
         
[root@Primary keepalived-1.3.5] # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived      #添加执行权限
[root@Primary keepalived-1.3.5] # chkconfig keepalived on                   #设置开机启动
[root@Primary keepalived-1.3.5] # service keepalived start                   #启动
[root@Primary keepalived-1.3.5] # service keepalived stop                    #关闭
[root@Primary keepalived-1.3.5] # service keepalived restart                 #重启
  
  
-----------Primary主机的keepalived.conf配置
[root@Primary ~] # cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf-bak
[root@Primary ~] # vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File  for  keepalived
global_defs {
   notification_email {
     root@localhost
     }
     
notification_email_from keepalived@localhost
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id DRBD_HA_MASTER
}
     
vrrp_script chk_nfs {
         script  "/etc/keepalived/check_nfs.sh"
         interval 5
     }
     vrrp_instance VI_1 {
         state MASTER
         interface eth0
         virtual_router_id 51
         priority 100
         advert_int 1
         authentication {
             auth_type PASS
             auth_pass 1111
         }
         track_script {
             chk_nfs
         }
     notify_stop  /etc/keepalived/notify_stop .sh       
     notify_master  /etc/keepalived/notify_master .sh   
     virtual_ipaddress {
         192.168.1.200
     }
}
  
启动keepalived服务
[root@Primary data] # /etc/init.d/keepalived start
Starting keepalived:                                       [  OK  ]
[root@Primary data] # ps -ef|grep keepalived
root     30937     1  0 11:49 ?        00:00:00 keepalived -D
root     30939 30937  0 11:49 ?        00:00:00 keepalived -D
root     30940 30937  0 11:49 ?        00:00:00 keepalived -D
root     31123 10364  0 11:50 pts /1     00:00:00  grep  --color keepalived
  
查看VIP
[root@Primary data] # ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
     link /loopback  00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
     inet 127.0.0.1 /8  scope host lo
     inet6 ::1 /128  scope host
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
     link /ether  fa:16:3e:35:d1:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
     inet 192.168.1.151 /24  brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
     inet 192.168.1.200 /32  scope global eth0
     inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe35:d1d6 /64  scope link
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  
-----------Secondary主机的keepalived.conf配置
[root@Secondary ~] # cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf-bak
[root@Secondary ~] # vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File  for  keepalived
global_defs {
   notification_email {
     root@localhost
     }
     
notification_email_from keepalived@localhost
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id DRBD_HA_BACKUP
}
     
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
     state BACKUP
     interface eth0
     virtual_router_id 51
     priority 90
     advert_int 1
     authentication {
         auth_type PASS
         auth_pass 1111
     }
     notify_master  /etc/keepalived/notify_master .sh                // 当此机器为keepalived的master角色时执行这个脚本
  
     notify_backup  /etc/keepalived/notify_backup .sh                // 当此机器为keepalived的backup角色时执行这个脚本
  
     virtual_ipaddress {
         192.168.1.200
     }
}
  
启动keepalived服务
[root@Secondary ~] # /etc/init.d/keepalived start
Starting keepalived:                                       [  OK  ]
[root@Secondary ~] # ps -ef|grep keepalived
root     17128     1  0 11:50 ?        00:00:00 keepalived -D
root     17129 17128  0 11:50 ?        00:00:00 keepalived -D
root     17131 17128  0 11:50 ?        00:00:00 keepalived -D
root     17219 29939  0 11:50 pts /1     00:00:00  grep  --color keepalived
  
-------------四个脚本配置---------------
1)此脚本只在Primary机器上配置
[root@Primary ~] # vim /etc/keepalived/check_nfs.sh
#!/bin/sh
  
###检查nfs可用性:进程和是否能够挂载
/sbin/service  nfs status &> /dev/null
if  [ $? - ne  0 ]; then
     ###如果服务状态不正常,先尝试重启服务
     /sbin/service  nfs restart
     /sbin/service  nfs status &> /dev/null
     if  [ $? - ne  0 ]; then
         ###若重启nfs服务后,仍不正常
         ###卸载drbd设备
         umount  /dev/drbd0
         ###将drbd主降级为备
         drbdadm secondary r0
         #关闭keepalived
         /sbin/service  keepalived stop
     fi
fi
  
[root@Primary ~] # chmod 755 /etc/keepalived/check_nfs.sh
  
  
2)此脚本只在Primary机器上配置
[root@Primary ~] # mkdir /etc/keepalived/logs
[root@Primary ~] # vim /etc/keepalived/notify_stop.sh
#!/bin/bash
  
time =` date  "+%F  %H:%M:%S" `
echo  -e  "$time  ------notify_stop------\n"  >>  /etc/keepalived/logs/notify_stop .log
/sbin/service  nfs stop &>>  /etc/keepalived/logs/notify_stop .log
/bin/umount  /data  &>>  /etc/keepalived/logs/notify_stop .log
/sbin/drbdadm  secondary r0 &>>  /etc/keepalived/logs/notify_stop .log
echo  -e  "\n"  >>  /etc/keepalived/logs/notify_stop .log
  
[root@Primary ~] # chmod 755 /etc/keepalived/notify_stop.sh
  
3)此脚本在两台机器上都要配置
[root@Primary ~] # vim /etc/keepalived/notify_master.sh
#!/bin/bash
  
time =` date  "+%F  %H:%M:%S" `
echo  -e  "$time    ------notify_master------\n"  >>  /etc/keepalived/logs/notify_master .log
/sbin/drbdadm  primary r0 &>>  /etc/keepalived/logs/notify_master .log
/bin/mount  /dev/drbd0  /data  &>>  /etc/keepalived/logs/notify_master .log
/sbin/service  nfs restart &>>  /etc/keepalived/logs/notify_master .log
echo  -e  "\n"  >>  /etc/keepalived/logs/notify_master .log
  
[root@Primary ~] # chmod 755 /etc/keepalived/notify_master.sh
  
4)此脚本只在Secondary机器上配置
[root@Secondary ~] # mkdir /etc/keepalived/logs
[root@Secondary ~] # vim /etc/keepalived/notify_backup.sh
#!/bin/bash
  
time =` date  "+%F  %H:%M:%S" `
echo  -e  "$time    ------notify_backup------\n"  >>  /etc/keepalived/logs/notify_backup .log
/sbin/service  nfs stop &>>  /etc/keepalived/logs/notify_backup .log
/bin/umount  /dev/drbd0  &>>  /etc/keepalived/logs/notify_backup .log
/sbin/drbdadm  secondary r0 &>>  /etc/keepalived/logs/notify_backup .log
echo  -e  "\n"  >>  /etc/keepalived/logs/notify_backup .log
  
[root@Secondary ~] # chmod 755 /etc/keepalived/notify_backup.sh
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
在远程客户机上挂载NFS
客户端只需要安装rpcbind程序,并确认服务正常
[root@huanqiu ~] # yum install rpcbind nfs-utils
[root@huanqiu ~] # /etc/init.d/rpcbind start
  
挂载NFS
[root@huanqiu ~] # mount -t nfs 192.168.1.200:/data /web
  
如下查看,发现已经成功挂载了NFS
[root@huanqiu ~] # df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
                       107G   15G   87G  14% /
tmpfs                 2.9G     0  2.9G   0%  /dev/shm
/dev/vda1              190M   67M  113M  38%  /boot
192.168.1.200: /data    9.8G   23M  9.2G   1%  /web
  
[root@huanqiu ~] # cd /web/
[root@huanqiu web] # ll
total 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9 May 25 09:33 test3
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5 May 25 09:34 wangshibo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5 May 25 09:34 wangshibo1
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5 May 25 09:34 wangshibo2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
接着进行fail-over(故障)自动切换测试:
  
1)
先关闭Primary主机上的keepalived服务。就会发现VIP资源已经转移到Secondary主机上了。
同时,Primary主机的nfs也会主动关闭,同时Secondary会升级为DRBD的主节点
[root@Primary ~] # /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
Stopping keepalived:                                       [  OK  ]
[root@Primary ~] # ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
     link /loopback  00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
     inet 127.0.0.1 /8  scope host lo
     inet6 ::1 /128  scope host
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
     link /ether  fa:16:3e:35:d1:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
     inet 192.168.1.151 /24  brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
     inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe35:d1d6 /64  scope link
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  
查看系统日志,也能看到VIP资源转移信息
[root@Primary ~] # tail -1000 /var/log/messages
........
May 25 11:50:03 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[30940]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0  for  192.168.1.200
May 25 11:50:03 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[30940]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0  for  192.168.1.200
May 25 11:50:03 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[30940]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0  for  192.168.1.200
May 25 11:50:03 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[30940]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0  for  192.168.1.200
May 25 11:58:51 localhost Keepalived[30937]: Stopping
May 25 11:58:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[30940]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sent 0 priority
May 25 11:58:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[30940]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
  
[root@Primary ~] # ps -ef|grep nfs
root       588 10364  0 12:13 pts /1     00:00:00  grep  --color nfs
[root@Primary ~] # df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
                       156G   36G  112G  25% /
tmpfs                 2.9G     0  2.9G   0%  /dev/shm
/dev/vda1              190M   98M   83M  55%  /boot
[root@Primary ~] # /etc/init.d/drbd status
drbd driver loaded OK; device status:
version: 8.3.16 (api:88 /proto :86-97)
GIT- hash : a798fa7e274428a357657fb52f0ecf40192c1985 build by phil@Build64R6, 2014-11-24 14:51:37
m:res  cs         ro                   ds                 p  mounted  fstype
0:r0   Connected  Secondary /Secondary   UpToDate /UpToDate   C
  
登录到Secondary备份机器上,发现VIP资源已经转移过来
[root@Secondary ~] # ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
     link /loopback  00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
     inet 127.0.0.1 /8  scope host lo
     inet6 ::1 /128  scope host
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
     link /ether  fa:16:3e:4c:7e:88 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
     inet 192.168.1.152 /24  brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
     inet 192.168.1.200 /32  scope global eth0
     inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe4c:7e88 /64  scope link
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  
[root@Secondary ~] # tail -1000 /var/log/messages
........
May 25 11:58:53 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[17131]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0  for  192.168.1.200
May 25 11:58:53 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[17131]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0  for  192.168.1.200
May 25 11:58:53 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[17131]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0  for  192.168.1.200
May 25 11:58:53 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[17131]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0  for  192.168.1.200
May 25 11:58:58 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[17131]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0  for  192.168.1.200
May 25 11:58:58 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[17131]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending /queueing  gratuitous ARPs on eth0  for  192.168.1.200
  
[root@Secondary ~] # ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
     link /loopback  00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
     inet 127.0.0.1 /8  scope host lo
     inet6 ::1 /128  scope host
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
     link /ether  fa:16:3e:4c:7e:88 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
     inet 192.168.1.152 /24  brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
     inet 192.168.1.200 /32  scope global eth0
     inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe4c:7e88 /64  scope link
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@Secondary ~] # df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
                       156G   13G  135G   9% /
tmpfs                 2.9G     0  2.9G   0%  /dev/shm
/dev/vda1              190M   89M   92M  50%  /boot
/dev/drbd0             9.8G   23M  9.2G   1%  /data
  
当Primary机器的keepalived服务恢复启动后,VIP资源又会强制夺回来(可以查看 /var/log/message 系统日志)
并且Primary还会再次变为DRBD的主节点
  
2)
关闭Primary主机的nfs服务。根据监控脚本,会主动去启动nfs,只要当启动失败时,才会强制由DRBD的主节点降为备份节点,并关闭keepalived。
从而跟上面流程一样实现故障转移
  
结论:
在上面的主从故障切换过程中,对于客户端来说,挂载NFS不影响使用,只是会有一点的延迟。
这也验证了drbd提供的数据一致性功能(包括文件的打开和修改状态等),在客户端看来,真个切换过程就是 "一次nfs重启" (主nfs停,备nfs启)。
***************当你发现自己的才华撑不起野心时,就请安静下来学习吧***************
本文转自散尽浮华博客园博客,原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5740953.html ,如需转载请自行联系原作者
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