报错如下:
# pip Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pip", line 5, in <module> from pkg_resources import load_entry_point ImportError: No module named pkg_resources
出现这个问题是因为:虽然已经把Python升级到了2.7版本,但是pip仍然是原来的版本,仍在原来python的site-package里面
CentOS6.8环境下,默认是python2.6.6,site-package在
# /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/
很多模块都被安装在这里。直接输入pip,还是使用的原来的pip。所以我们的思路是:应该在新的Python中安装pip,这样才不会报错。
遇到此问题的人很多,网上博客都是互相抄,没有真正解决问题的。有一国外网站给出了解决方案:
# wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-3.5.1.zip # unzip setuptools-3.5.1.zip # /usr/local/bin/pyton2.7 distribute_setup.py
使用新版本的python来运行这个脚本,这个会自动安装出来一个easy_install,然后使用这个新的easy_install来安装pip就可以了!
# /usr/local/bin/easy_install pip # /usr/local/bin/pip -V pip 9.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg (python 2.7)
安装生成的所有二进制文件,都是在你的PYTHON_HOME/bin/,因为我的是安装在/usr/local/python/,所以命令都在这里,以后再调用pip要使用绝对路径,或者做链接!
2.7的模块是在以下目录
# /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages
附:脚本的原文
#!python """Bootstrap distribute installation If you want to use setuptools in your package's setup.py, just include this file in the same directory with it, and add this to the top of your setup.py:: from distribute_setup import use_setuptools use_setuptools() If you want to require a specific version of setuptools, set a download mirror, or use an alternate download directory, you can do so by supplying the appropriate options to ``use_setuptools()``. This file can also be run as a script to install or upgrade setuptools. """ import os import shutil import sys import time import fnmatch import tempfile import tarfile import optparse from distutils import log try: from site import USER_SITE except ImportError: USER_SITE = None try: import subprocess def _python_cmd(*args): args = (sys.executable,) + args return subprocess.call(args) == 0 except ImportError: # will be used for python 2.3 def _python_cmd(*args): args = (sys.executable,) + args # quoting arguments if windows if sys.platform == 'win32': def quote(arg): if ' ' in arg: return '"%s"' % arg return arg args = [quote(arg) for arg in args] return os.spawnl(os.P_WAIT, sys.executable, *args) == 0 DEFAULT_VERSION = "0.6.49" DEFAULT_URL = "http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/" SETUPTOOLS_FAKED_VERSION = "0.6c11" SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO = """\ Metadata-Version: 1.0 Name: setuptools Version: %s Summary: xxxx Home-page: xxx Author: xxx Author-email: xxx License: xxx Description: xxx """ % SETUPTOOLS_FAKED_VERSION def _install(tarball, install_args=()): # extracting the tarball tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp() log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir) old_wd = os.getcwd() try: os.chdir(tmpdir) tar = tarfile.open(tarball) _extractall(tar) tar.close() # going in the directory subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0]) os.chdir(subdir) log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir) # installing log.warn('Installing Distribute') if not _python_cmd('setup.py', 'install', *install_args): log.warn('Something went wrong during the installation.') log.warn('See the error message above.') # exitcode will be 2 return 2 finally: os.chdir(old_wd) shutil.rmtree(tmpdir) def _build_egg(egg, tarball, to_dir): # extracting the tarball tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp() log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir) old_wd = os.getcwd() try: os.chdir(tmpdir) tar = tarfile.open(tarball) _extractall(tar) tar.close() # going in the directory subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0]) os.chdir(subdir) log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir) # building an egg log.warn('Building a Distribute egg in %s', to_dir) _python_cmd('setup.py', '-q', 'bdist_egg', '--dist-dir', to_dir) finally: os.chdir(old_wd) shutil.rmtree(tmpdir) # returning the result log.warn(egg) if not os.path.exists(egg): raise IOError('Could not build the egg.') def _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay): egg = os.path.join(to_dir, 'distribute-%s-py%d.%d.egg' % (version, sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1])) if not os.path.exists(egg): tarball = download_setuptools(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay) _build_egg(egg, tarball, to_dir) sys.path.insert(0, egg) import setuptools setuptools.bootstrap_install_from = egg def use_setuptools(version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL, to_dir=os.curdir, download_delay=15, no_fake=True): # making sure we use the absolute path to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir) was_imported = 'pkg_resources' in sys.modules or \ 'setuptools' in sys.modules try: try: import pkg_resources # Setuptools 0.7b and later is a suitable (and preferable) # substitute for any Distribute version. try: pkg_resources.require("setuptools>=0.7b") return except (pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound, pkg_resources.VersionConflict): pass if not hasattr(pkg_resources, '_distribute'): if not no_fake: _fake_setuptools() raise ImportError except ImportError: return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay) try: pkg_resources.require("distribute>=" + version) return except pkg_resources.VersionConflict: e = sys.exc_info()[1] if was_imported: sys.stderr.write( "The required version of distribute (>=%s) is not available,\n" "and can't be installed while this script is running. Please\n" "install a more recent version first, using\n" "'easy_install -U distribute'." "\n\n(Currently using %r)\n" % (version, e.args[0])) sys.exit(2) else: del pkg_resources, sys.modules['pkg_resources'] # reload ok return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay) except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay) finally: if not no_fake: _create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info(to_dir) def download_setuptools(version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL, to_dir=os.curdir, delay=15): """Download distribute from a specified location and return its filename `version` should be a valid distribute version number that is available as an egg for download under the `download_base` URL (which should end with a '/'). `to_dir` is the directory where the egg will be downloaded. `delay` is the number of seconds to pause before an actual download attempt. """ # making sure we use the absolute path to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir) try: from urllib.request import urlopen except ImportError: from urllib2 import urlopen tgz_name = "distribute-%s.tar.gz" % version url = download_base + tgz_name saveto = os.path.join(to_dir, tgz_name) src = dst = None if not os.path.exists(saveto): # Avoid repeated downloads try: log.warn("Downloading %s", url) src = urlopen(url) # Read/write all in one block, so we don't create a corrupt file # if the download is interrupted. data = src.read() dst = open(saveto, "wb") dst.write(data) finally: if src: src.close() if dst: dst.close() return os.path.realpath(saveto) def _no_sandbox(function): def __no_sandbox(*args, **kw): try: from setuptools.sandbox import DirectorySandbox if not hasattr(DirectorySandbox, '_old'): def violation(*args): pass DirectorySandbox._old = DirectorySandbox._violation DirectorySandbox._violation = violation patched = True else: patched = False except ImportError: patched = False try: return function(*args, **kw) finally: if patched: DirectorySandbox._violation = DirectorySandbox._old del DirectorySandbox._old return __no_sandbox def _patch_file(path, content): """Will backup the file then patch it""" f = open(path) existing_content = f.read() f.close() if existing_content == content: # already patched log.warn('Already patched.') return False log.warn('Patching...') _rename_path(path) f = open(path, 'w') try: f.write(content) finally: f.close() return True _patch_file = _no_sandbox(_patch_file) def _same_content(path, content): f = open(path) existing_content = f.read() f.close() return existing_content == content def _rename_path(path): new_name = path + '.OLD.%s' % time.time() log.warn('Renaming %s to %s', path, new_name) os.rename(path, new_name) return new_name def _remove_flat_installation(placeholder): if not os.path.isdir(placeholder): log.warn('Unkown installation at %s', placeholder) return False found = False for file in os.listdir(placeholder): if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, 'setuptools*.egg-info'): found = True break if not found: log.warn('Could not locate setuptools*.egg-info') return log.warn('Moving elements out of the way...') pkg_info = os.path.join(placeholder, file) if os.path.isdir(pkg_info): patched = _patch_egg_dir(pkg_info) else: patched = _patch_file(pkg_info, SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO) if not patched: log.warn('%s already patched.', pkg_info) return False # now let's move the files out of the way for element in ('setuptools', 'pkg_resources.py', 'site.py'): element = os.path.join(placeholder, element) if os.path.exists(element): _rename_path(element) else: log.warn('Could not find the %s element of the ' 'Setuptools distribution', element) return True _remove_flat_installation = _no_sandbox(_remove_flat_installation) def _after_install(dist): log.warn('After install bootstrap.') placeholder = dist.get_command_obj('install').install_purelib _create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info(placeholder) def _create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info(placeholder): if not placeholder or not os.path.exists(placeholder): log.warn('Could not find the install location') return pyver = '%s.%s' % (sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1]) setuptools_file = 'setuptools-%s-py%s.egg-info' % \ (SETUPTOOLS_FAKED_VERSION, pyver) pkg_info = os.path.join(placeholder, setuptools_file) if os.path.exists(pkg_info): log.warn('%s already exists', pkg_info) return log.warn('Creating %s', pkg_info) try: f = open(pkg_info, 'w') except EnvironmentError: log.warn("Don't have permissions to write %s, skipping", pkg_info) return try: f.write(SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO) finally: f.close() pth_file = os.path.join(placeholder, 'setuptools.pth') log.warn('Creating %s', pth_file) f = open(pth_file, 'w') try: f.write(os.path.join(os.curdir, setuptools_file)) finally: f.close() _create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info = _no_sandbox( _create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info ) def _patch_egg_dir(path): # let's check if it's already patched pkg_info = os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO', 'PKG-INFO') if os.path.exists(pkg_info): if _same_content(pkg_info, SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO): log.warn('%s already patched.', pkg_info) return False _rename_path(path) os.mkdir(path) os.mkdir(os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO')) pkg_info = os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO', 'PKG-INFO') f = open(pkg_info, 'w') try: f.write(SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO) finally: f.close() return True _patch_egg_dir = _no_sandbox(_patch_egg_dir) def _before_install(): log.warn('Before install bootstrap.') _fake_setuptools() def _under_prefix(location): if 'install' not in sys.argv: return True args = sys.argv[sys.argv.index('install') + 1:] for index, arg in enumerate(args): for option in ('--root', '--prefix'): if arg.startswith('%s=' % option): top_dir = arg.split('root=')[-1] return location.startswith(top_dir) elif arg == option: if len(args) > index: top_dir = args[index + 1] return location.startswith(top_dir) if arg == '--user' and USER_SITE is not None: return location.startswith(USER_SITE) return True def _fake_setuptools(): log.warn('Scanning installed packages') try: import pkg_resources except ImportError: # we're cool log.warn('Setuptools or Distribute does not seem to be installed.') return ws = pkg_resources.working_set try: setuptools_dist = ws.find( pkg_resources.Requirement.parse('setuptools', replacement=False) ) except TypeError: # old distribute API setuptools_dist = ws.find( pkg_resources.Requirement.parse('setuptools') ) if setuptools_dist is None: log.warn('No setuptools distribution found') return # detecting if it was already faked setuptools_location = setuptools_dist.location log.warn('Setuptools installation detected at %s', setuptools_location) # if --root or --preix was provided, and if # setuptools is not located in them, we don't patch it if not _under_prefix(setuptools_location): log.warn('Not patching, --root or --prefix is installing Distribute' ' in another location') return # let's see if its an egg if not setuptools_location.endswith('.egg'): log.warn('Non-egg installation') res = _remove_flat_installation(setuptools_location) if not res: return else: log.warn('Egg installation') pkg_info = os.path.join(setuptools_location, 'EGG-INFO', 'PKG-INFO') if (os.path.exists(pkg_info) and _same_content(pkg_info, SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO)): log.warn('Already patched.') return log.warn('Patching...') # let's create a fake egg replacing setuptools one res = _patch_egg_dir(setuptools_location) if not res: return log.warn('Patching complete.') _relaunch() def _relaunch(): log.warn('Relaunching...') # we have to relaunch the process # pip marker to avoid a relaunch bug _cmd1 = ['-c', 'install', '--single-version-externally-managed'] _cmd2 = ['-c', 'install', '--record'] if sys.argv[:3] == _cmd1 or sys.argv[:3] == _cmd2: sys.argv[0] = 'setup.py' args = [sys.executable] + sys.argv sys.exit(subprocess.call(args)) def _extractall(self, path=".", members=None): """Extract all members from the archive to the current working directory and set owner, modification time and permissions on directories afterwards. `path' specifies a different directory to extract to. `members' is optional and must be a subset of the list returned by getmembers(). """ import copy import operator from tarfile import ExtractError directories = [] if members is None: members = self for tarinfo in members: if tarinfo.isdir(): # Extract directories with a safe mode. directories.append(tarinfo) tarinfo = copy.copy(tarinfo) tarinfo.mode = 448 # decimal for oct 0700 self.extract(tarinfo, path) # Reverse sort directories. if sys.version_info < (2, 4): def sorter(dir1, dir2): return cmp(dir1.name, dir2.name) directories.sort(sorter) directories.reverse() else: directories.sort(key=operator.attrgetter('name'), reverse=True) # Set correct owner, mtime and filemode on directories. for tarinfo in directories: dirpath = os.path.join(path, tarinfo.name) try: self.chown(tarinfo, dirpath) self.utime(tarinfo, dirpath) self.chmod(tarinfo, dirpath) except ExtractError: e = sys.exc_info()[1] if self.errorlevel > 1: raise else: self._dbg(1, "tarfile: %s" % e) def _build_install_args(options): """ Build the arguments to 'python setup.py install' on the distribute package """ install_args = [] if options.user_install: if sys.version_info < (2, 6): log.warn("--user requires Python 2.6 or later") raise SystemExit(1) install_args.append('--user') return install_args def _parse_args(): """ Parse the command line for options """ parser = optparse.OptionParser() parser.add_option( '--user', dest='user_install', action='store_true', default=False, help='install in user site package (requires Python 2.6 or later)') parser.add_option( '--download-base', dest='download_base', metavar="URL", default=DEFAULT_URL, help='alternative URL from where to download the distribute package') options, args = parser.parse_args() # positional arguments are ignored return options def main(version=DEFAULT_VERSION): """Install or upgrade setuptools and EasyInstall""" options = _parse_args() tarball = download_setuptools(download_base=options.download_base) return _install(tarball, _build_install_args(options)) if __name__ == '__main__': sys.exit(main())
此文在作者原文基础上修改整理而成。
注:转载需注明出处及作者。