第 5 章 Shell command

目录

5.1. Help Commands

5.1.1. man - an interface to the on-line reference manuals

5.1.1.1. manpath.config

5.1.1.2. 查看man手册位置

5.1.1.3. 指定手册位置

5.2. getconf - Query system configuration variables

5.3. Directory and File System Related

5.3.1. dirname

5.3.2. filename

5.3.2.1. 排除扩展名

5.3.2.2. 取扩展名

5.3.3. test - check file types and compare values

5.3.4. file — determine file type

5.3.5. stat

5.3.6. mkdir - make directories

5.3.7. rename

5.3.8. touch

5.3.9. truncate

5.3.10. ls - list directory contents

5.3.10.1. full-time / time-style 定义日期时间格式

5.3.11. cp - copy files and directories

5.3.11.1. copy directories recursively

5.3.11.2. overwrite an existing file

5.3.11.3. -a, --archive same as -dR --preserve=all

5.3.12. rm - remove files or directories

5.3.12.1. -bash: /bin/rm: Argument list too long

5.3.12.2. zsh: sure you want to delete all the files in /tmp [yn]?

5.3.13. df - report file system disk space usage

5.3.14. du - estimate file space usage

5.3.15. tac - concatenate and print files in reverse

5.3.16. split - split a file into pieces

5.3.16.1. 按行分割文件

5.3.16.2. 按尺寸分割文件

5.3.17. find - search for files in a directory hierarchy

5.3.17.1. name

5.3.17.2. regex

5.3.17.3. user

5.3.17.4. perm

5.3.17.5. type

5.3.17.6. -delete

5.3.17.7. exec

5.3.17.8. 排除目录

5.3.17.9. -mmin n File's data was last modified n minutes ago.

5.3.17.10. -ctime

5.3.17.11. -mtime / -mmin

5.3.17.12. --newer

5.3.17.13. -print / -printf

5.3.17.14. -size

5.3.17.15. -path

5.3.17.16. -maxdepth

5.3.17.17. xargs

5.4. package / compress and decompress

5.4.1. tar — The GNU version of the tar archiving utility

5.4.1.1. tar examples

5.4.1.2. gunzip

5.4.1.3. b2zip

5.4.1.4. compress

5.4.1.5. -t, --list

5.4.1.6. tar: Removing leading `/’ from member names

5.4.1.7. -C, --directory=DIR

5.4.1.8. --exclude

5.4.1.9. -T

5.4.1.10. 日期过滤

5.4.1.11. 保留权限

5.4.1.12. -r, --append

5.4.1.13. 远程传输

5.4.1.14. 分卷压缩

5.4.2. cpio - copy files to and from archives

5.4.3. gzip

5.4.4. zip, zipcloak, zipnote, zipsplit - package and compress (archive) files

5.4.5. RAR

5.4.6. 7-Zip

5.4.6.1. 压缩

5.4.6.2. 浏览压缩包

5.4.6.3. 解压

5.4.6.4. Creates self extracting archive.

5.4.7.

5.5. date and time

5.5.1. 日期格式

5.5.1.1. weekday name

5.5.2. -d --date=

5.5.2.1. 日期偏移量

5.5.2.2. 时间偏移

5.5.3. 时间戳

5.5.4. RFC 2822

5.5.5. UTC

5.6. Numeric

5.6.1. 数值运算

5.6.2. seq - print a sequence of numbers

5.6.3. bc - An arbitrary precision calculator language

5.7. Text Processing

5.7.1. iconv - Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another

5.7.1.1. cconv - A iconv based simplified-traditional chinese conversion tool

5.7.1.2. uconv - convert data from one encoding to another

5.7.2. 字符串处理命令expr

5.7.3. cat - concatenate files and print on the standard output

5.7.3.1. -s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines

5.7.3.2. -v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB

5.7.4. nl - number lines of files

5.7.5. od - dump files in octal and other formats

5.7.5.1. 16进制

5.7.6. tr - translate or delete characters

5.7.7. cut - remove sections from each line of files

5.7.8. printf - format and print data

5.7.9. Free `recode' converts files between various character sets and surfaces.

5.7.10. /dev/urandom 随机字符串

5.7.11. col - filter reverse line feeds from input

5.7.12. apg - generates several random passwords

5.7.13. head/tail

5.7.14. 反转字符串或文件内容

5.8. grep, egrep, fgrep, rgrep - print lines matching a pattern

5.8.1. 删除空行

5.8.2. -v, --invert-match

5.8.3. Output control

5.8.3.1. -o, --only-matching show only the part of a line matching PATTERN

5.8.3.2. 递归操作

5.8.3.3. -c, --count print only a count of matching lines per FILE

5.8.4. Context control

5.8.4.1. -A, --after-context=NUM print NUM lines of trailing context

5.8.4.2. -B, --before-context=NUM print NUM lines of leading context

5.8.4.3. -C, --context=NUM print NUM lines of output context

5.8.4.4. --color

5.8.5. Regexp selection and interpretation

5.8.5.1. .*

5.8.5.2. 2010:(13|14|15|16)

5.8.5.3. []与{}

5.8.5.4. -P, --perl-regexp Perl正则表达式

5.8.6. fgrep

5.8.7. egrep

5.9. sort - sort lines of text files

5.9.1. 对列排序

5.9.2. -s, --stable stabilize sort by disabling last-resort comparison

5.10. uniq

5.11. 表格操作/行列转换

5.11.1. column - columnate lists

5.11.2. paste - merge lines of files

5.11.3. join

5.12. standard input/output

5.12.1. xargs - build and execute command lines from standard input

5.12.1.1. 格式化

5.12.1.2. standard input

5.12.1.3. -I 替换操作

5.12.1.4. -n, --max-args=MAX-ARGS use at most MAX-ARGS arguments per command line

5.12.1.5. -t, --verbose print commands before executing them

5.12.1.6. -d, --delimiter=CHARACTER items in input stream are separated by CHARACTER, not by whitespace; disables quote and backslash processing and logical EOF processing

5.12.1.7. -0, --null items are separated by a null, not whitespace; disables quote and backslash processing and logical EOF processing

5.12.1.8. -r, --no-run-if-empty if there are no arguments, then do not run COMMAND; if this option is not given, COMMAND will be

5.12.1.9. -p, --interactive prompt before running commands

5.13. flock - manage locks from shell scripts

5.14. Logging

5.14.1. logger - a shell command interface to the syslog(3) system log module

5.15. Password

5.15.1. Shadow password suite configuration.

5.15.2. newusers - update and create new users in batch

5.15.3. chpasswd - update passwords in batch mode

5.16. binutils

5.16.1. strings - print the strings of printable characters in files.