7.3.1. SSL POP3 / SMTP / IMAP
SSL POP3 / SMTP / IMAP 端口号
POP3 995 SMTP 465 IMAP 993
openssl s_client -connect localhost:110 -starttls pop3
如果提示 CONNECTED(00000003) 侧省去 -starttls pop3 选项
openssl s_client -connect pop.163.com:995
openssl s_client -connect smtp.163.com:465
openssl s_client -connect imap.163.com:993
生成证书
$ openssl req -new -x509 -keyout server.pem -out server.pem -days 365 -nodes
在一个终端运行以下命令
openssl s_server -accept 2009 -key server.pem -cert server.pem
在另外一个终端运行命令如下
openssl s_client -connect localhost:2009
Example 7.2. 加密传输文件
现在我们来尝试使用使用 openssl 加密传输文件
传输 /etc/passwd 文件
$ cat /etc/passwd | openssl s_server -accept 2009 -key server.pem -cert server.pem
输出类似
$ cat /etc/passwd | openssl s_server -accept 2009 -key server.pem -cert server.pem Using default temp DH parameters Using default temp ECDH parameters ACCEPT bad gethostbyaddr DONE shutdown accept socket shutting down SSL CONNECTION CLOSED 0 items in the session cache 0 client connects (SSL_connect()) 0 client renegotiates (SSL_connect()) 0 client connects that finished 1 server accepts (SSL_accept()) 0 server renegotiates (SSL_accept()) 1 server accepts that finished 0 session cache hits 0 session cache misses 0 session cache timeouts 0 callback cache hits 0 cache full overflows (128 allowed)
另一个服务器上运行
openssl s_client -connect 192.168.6.2:2009
输出类似
# openssl s_client -connect 192.168.6.2:2009
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=0 C = AU, ST = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
verify error:num=18:self signed certificate
verify return:1
depth=0 C = AU, ST = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
verify error:num=9:certificate is not yet valid
notBefore=Sep 2 06:59:06 2013 GMT
verify return:1
depth=0 C = AU, ST = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
notBefore=Sep 2 06:59:06 2013 GMT
verify return:1
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
i:/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
issuer=/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
---
No client certificate CA names sent
---
SSL handshake has read 1583 bytes and written 246 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
SSL-Session:
Protocol : TLSv1
Cipher : DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Session-ID: 7CA47FFBFC896FC90F7E9E5F3147BC9621C07E10882A7C7831BFA7D61AD24EEF
Session-ID-ctx:
Master-Key: 5CB630D741EA2D209E0DC882A2E5C16E2009138A7DB7920ABEFD1E9CC5D6973F7DC7228295B5AC75F5E7CD1726DC3E5F
Key-Arg : None
Krb5 Principal: None
PSK identity: None
PSK identity hint: None
TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 300 (seconds)
TLS session ticket:
0000 - 7d 76 b1 eb bb 9d 63 49-fe 9f 18 c0 78 82 66 bd }v....cI....x.f.
0010 - 65 69 ac 27 11 63 05 8a-57 8d 13 23 d8 85 3c fa ei.'.c..W..#..<.
0020 - 6b 54 4c 39 92 c4 53 22-16 e3 73 98 a0 fe 15 67 kTL9..S"..s....g
0030 - c1 5f 47 66 f9 42 50 f5-67 be 91 a8 70 fa ef eb ._Gf.BP.g...p...
0040 - 1c 51 c2 94 62 ff b0 97-1b 7b de ac 3a c8 39 52 .Q..b....{..:.9R
0050 - 85 d6 51 02 33 48 2c 39-fc db f8 55 87 c5 1b 58 ..Q.3H,9...U...X
0060 - 81 e7 00 0b 9d ae e3 fd-04 dc 0d dd 26 20 3c b2 ............& <.
0070 - b2 0f 56 e1 7c be d2 89-2a 64 42 b4 9f eb b3 e2 ..V.|...*dB.....
0080 - ee 3d 51 ac 3f 9e 14 49-52 f4 b6 d7 9f 59 0b c8 .=Q.?..IR....Y..
0090 - fa f2 74 38 e0 c8 12 1a-b3 81 e8 2f 13 cf 44 44 ..t8......./..DD
Start Time: 1378104227
Timeout : 300 (sec)
Verify return code: 9 (certificate is not yet valid)
---
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/bin/sh
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/bin/sh
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/sh
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/bin/sh
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/sh
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/bin/sh
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/bin/sh
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/bin/sh
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/bin/sh
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/bin/sh
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/bin/sh
gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/bin/sh
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/bin/sh
libuuid:x:100:101::/var/lib/libuuid:/bin/sh
syslog:x:101:103::/home/syslog:/bin/false
messagebus:x:102:105::/var/run/dbus:/bin/false
whoopsie:x:103:106::/nonexistent:/bin/false
landscape:x:104:109::/var/lib/landscape:/bin/false
sshd:x:105:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin
neo:x:1000:1000:neo,,,:/home/neo:/bin/bash
ntop:x:106:114::/var/lib/ntop:/bin/false
redis:x:107:116:redis server,,,:/var/lib/redis:/bin/false
postgres:x:108:117:PostgreSQL administrator,,,:/var/lib/postgresql:/bin/bash
colord:x:109:120:colord colour management daemon,,,:/var/lib/colord:/bin/false
mysql:x:110:121:MySQL Server,,,:/nonexistent:/bin/false
zookeeper:x:111:122:ZooKeeper,,,:/var/lib/zookeeper:/bin/false
read:errno=0
[www@netkiller ~]$ openssl s_client -connect www.google.com:443 -state
CONNECTED(00000003)
SSL_connect:before/connect initialization
SSL_connect:SSLv2/v3 write client hello A
SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server hello A
depth=3 C = US, O = Equifax, OU = Equifax Secure Certificate Authority
verify return:1
depth=2 C = US, O = GeoTrust Inc., CN = GeoTrust Global CA
verify return:1
depth=1 C = US, O = Google Inc, CN = Google Internet Authority G2
verify return:1
depth=0 C = US, ST = California, L = Mountain View, O = Google Inc, CN = www.google.com
verify return:1
SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server certificate A
SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server key exchange A
SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server done A
SSL_connect:SSLv3 write client key exchange A
SSL_connect:SSLv3 write change cipher spec A
SSL_connect:SSLv3 write finished A
SSL_connect:SSLv3 flush data
SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server session ticket A
SSL_connect:SSLv3 read finished A
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Google Inc/CN=www.google.com
i:/C=US/O=Google Inc/CN=Google Internet Authority G2
1 s:/C=US/O=Google Inc/CN=Google Internet Authority G2
i:/C=US/O=GeoTrust Inc./CN=GeoTrust Global CA
2 s:/C=US/O=GeoTrust Inc./CN=GeoTrust Global CA
i:/C=US/O=Equifax/OU=Equifax Secure Certificate Authority
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIEgDCCA2igAwIBAgIISCr6QCbz5rowDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwSTELMAkGA1UE
BhMCVVMxEzARBgNVBAoTCkdvb2dsZSBJbmMxJTAjBgNVBAMTHEdvb2dsZSBJbnRl
cm5ldCBBdXRob3JpdHkgRzIwHhcNMTYxMjE1MTQwNzU2WhcNMTcwMzA5MTMzNTAw
WjBoMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzETMBEGA1UECAwKQ2FsaWZvcm5pYTEWMBQGA1UEBwwN
TW91bnRhaW4gVmlldzETMBEGA1UECgwKR29vZ2xlIEluYzEXMBUGA1UEAwwOd3d3
Lmdvb2dsZS5jb20wggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQC8vLLz
GhY7xvadKOHvjpKbE7Kue1CP8LTgNo0JAOSEUVd/bDll8KEgyTc2ZOEGZPJ2biuX
SvtOWqg1+Q1zxev8/5Ym0OS7xqLZH+6wVY+trJlka2VZ3oGkF8jmNW4hofJK0tnD
v4gyG0d9AOjXCzCY/HSzGYA6oR6hdxfjnHkbwspPWfvyvQ1fxuMAzS6mTl2x6DdA
JUo1I+BVS54gAze3/kHoamovRHZyOn4dp2wkCv3eXRu4Eh8ZT3XWTie25jcnNhQR
tDvBqtlPtsFPUUhfonRGkUNojGIiFL6UdkfOIo/mlv5BQYWdqRCaCW78vUP6Tcaj
VZqeB4v5sR7O0SJJAgMBAAGjggFLMIIBRzAdBgNVHSUEFjAUBggrBgEFBQcDAQYI
KwYBBQUHAwIwGQYDVR0RBBIwEIIOd3d3Lmdvb2dsZS5jb20waAYIKwYBBQUHAQEE
XDBaMCsGCCsGAQUFBzAChh9odHRwOi8vcGtpLmdvb2dsZS5jb20vR0lBRzIuY3J0
MCsGCCsGAQUFBzABhh9odHRwOi8vY2xpZW50czEuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS9vY3NwMB0G
A1UdDgQWBBS7Scfe9bno5yvK3NosrZJ6/SZVvTAMBgNVHRMBAf8EAjAAMB8GA1Ud
IwQYMBaAFErdBhYbvPZotXb1gba7Yhq6WoEvMCEGA1UdIAQaMBgwDAYKKwYBBAHW
eQIFATAIBgZngQwBAgIwMAYDVR0fBCkwJzAloCOgIYYfaHR0cDovL3BraS5nb29n
bGUuY29tL0dJQUcyLmNybDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAlM1mVYPxFn1G2GYh
BuzGnXwcK8H2T7c+zQGtab2hgWp8lvWcJ/O0PPb7XfXVIx+umAQUJ9Vx/3gUHLNH
hN0k+ElUSSAIagKgx/tg+S9GizsWM926tqXdq6JpBLJr9nE5zg9/TE9kI7Ycplx9
rAqYyqJG13a6xzde+Y2Ua8bvqgtPvte9cvqU4HULBptsHLAhMDe/ln5CsI6EK3UC
cb9reU8in8yCaH8dtzrFyUracpMureWnBeajOYXRPTdCFccejAh/xyH5SKDOOZ4v
3TP9GBtClAH1mSXoPhX73dp7jipZqgbY4kiEDNx+hformTUFBDHD0eO/s2nqwuWL
pBH6XQ==
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Google Inc/CN=www.google.com
issuer=/C=US/O=Google Inc/CN=Google Internet Authority G2
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Server Temp Key: ECDH, prime256v1, 256 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 3727 bytes and written 373 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
SSL-Session:
Protocol : TLSv1.2
Cipher : ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
Session-ID: E90DBF6A7E78AAA949938879913996225FE815F91B34A65BA9C84CDFD222EB6C
Session-ID-ctx:
Master-Key: ED751A4B1BCC2EB08AF01A69F5474960E289EC77065C84FEB6E93C0923834DC03265F8B1CFD3AED0454EDB6CE7855AB6
Key-Arg : None
Krb5 Principal: None
PSK identity: None
PSK identity hint: None
TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 100800 (seconds)
TLS session ticket:
0000 - 60 81 b9 6b 8a 3b 30 0f-50 bc 0b 16 de 4b b2 e3 `..k.;0.P....K..
0010 - df b1 67 c1 28 2a 9c 2d-fc 64 76 f8 3f f0 a3 b1 ..g.(*.-.dv.?...
0020 - e0 70 5a 7a b8 2b 08 80-77 0d 21 e8 b8 82 fc 66 .pZz.+..w.!....f
0030 - df c4 c0 da a5 6a 8f f8-66 05 0c 22 07 5c a4 3b .....j..f..".\.;
0040 - d8 af 31 37 28 6f 8c 2f-24 2d c0 40 f5 0d 6c da ..17(o./$-.@..l.
0050 - c6 10 6e bf 16 55 8e 98-14 c8 ff 6a b6 22 51 f7 ..n..U.....j."Q.
0060 - 5b c0 11 ed 04 d0 62 40-e2 ad a5 9f 93 69 2b 72 [.....b@.....i+r
0070 - e0 ff 8f 34 5f 78 0c 58-e4 a6 6a 08 11 f9 da d4 ...4_x.X..j.....
0080 - f4 1a 6e 1f b6 ff 2b 60-3b de 7e 57 fb 9a 79 33 ..n...+`;.~W..y3
0090 - 1f bd 92 d8 ae df 1d 0a-53 20 cd 9c 37 a9 e3 83 ........S ..7...
00a0 - 1c 72 84 30 .r.0
Start Time: 1482905312
Timeout : 300 (sec)
Verify return code: 0 (ok)
---
注意下面证书链，通常有三级，根证书，中级证书，服务器证书
--- Certificate chain 0 s:/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Google Inc/CN=www.google.com i:/C=US/O=Google Inc/CN=Google Internet Authority G2 1 s:/C=US/O=Google Inc/CN=Google Internet Authority G2 i:/C=US/O=GeoTrust Inc./CN=GeoTrust Global CA 2 s:/C=US/O=GeoTrust Inc./CN=GeoTrust Global CA i:/C=US/O=Equifax/OU=Equifax Secure Certificate Authority ---
GeoTrust Global CA 是根证书上
Google Internet Authority G2 中级证书
www.google.com 是服务器证书
![[Tip]](https://ucc.alicdn.com/xlyqrd2zxlspg/developer-article325440/20241017/b057aa3d7b2b451d9d1fc14aaa6c68f3.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_1400/format,webp) |
Tip |
|---|---|
没有根证书WEB浏览器通常是可以正常访问的，因为证书厂商已经根微软签了协议，根证书已经安装到了Windows中。 开发中会遇到一些问题例如JDK他又自己的根证书管里，很多厂商的根证书没有根Oracle签协议并放到java/jre/lib/security/cacerts中，这是代码访问https服务器就不信任这些厂商的证书。 |
