AI 助理
备案控制台
开发者社区 开发与运维 文章 正文

手工搭建Data Guard

2016-02-23 681
版权
版权声明：
本文内容由阿里云实名注册用户自发贡献，版权归原作者所有，阿里云开发者社区不拥有其著作权，亦不承担相应法律责任。具体规则请查看《 阿里云开发者社区用户服务协议》和 《阿里云开发者社区知识产权保护指引》。如果您发现本社区中有涉嫌抄袭的内容，填写 侵权投诉表单进行举报，一经查实，本社区将立刻删除涉嫌侵权内容。
简介： Data Guard的搭建可以使用GC图形化安装，优缺点很明显，优点就是图形化操作，符合国人的习惯(据secooler介绍外国程序员能用图形化做的事就一定用图形做，因为boss看得懂，和国人正相反。

Data Guard的搭建可以使用GC图形化安装，优缺点很明显，优点就是图形化操作，符合国人的习惯(据secooler介绍外国程序员能用图形化做的事就一定用图形做，因为boss看得懂，和国人正相反。。。)，缺点就是如同Windows一样，宛如黑盒，换句话说，要时刻祈祷不要出问题，否则有时很难知道他为什么挂了。。。

Data Guard还可以使用命令行操作，正如各位所知，图形化的任何操作背后，其实都是使用的命令。OCM第七场景考试中，我也是纠结了许久，临开始前才决定使用手工方式创建DG，怕的就是图形安装的不确定性。

当然，作为练习，两种方式都熟悉下没什么不好。最近新找了两台机器资源，于是决定搭建一下DG的测试环境，以备后用。

环境准备：
OS：RH Linux
配置：2C4G，40G磁盘空间
数据库：11.2.0.4
主库SID：BEIJING，单实例
备库SID：GUOAN，单实例

1.主库准备工作

编辑listener.ora，配置主库静态监听：

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = BEIJING)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4)
      (SID_NAME = BEIJING)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bill02)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

编辑tnsnames.ora，配置备库连接串：

GUOAN =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bill01)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = GUOAN)
    )
  )

设置force_logging参数：

SYS@BEIJING> alter database force logging;

查看是否开启归档：

SYS@BEIJING> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     6
Next log sequence to archive   8
Current log sequence           8

若未开启，将库置于mount状态，执行：

alter database archivelog;

确认shared_servers、max_shared_servers、dispatchers和max_dispatchers参数是否置空。(此步骤为了防止创建过程出错，实际验证不设置亦可)。

查看主库日志组：

SYS@BEIJING> select group#, member from v$logfile;
    GROUP# MEMBER
---------- --------------------------------------------------
         1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEIJING/redo01.log
         2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEIJING/redo02.log
         3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEIJING/redo03.log

一共有三组，再增加四组standby日志：

SYS@BEIJING> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEIJING/redo04.log' size 100M;
SYS@BEIJING> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEIJING/redo05.log' size 100M;
SYS@BEIJING> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEIJING/redo06.log' size 100M;
SYS@BEIJING> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEIJING/redo07.log' size 100M;

SYS@BEIJING> select group#, member, type from v$logfile;
GROUP# MEMBER                                        TYPE
---------- ---------------------------------------- -------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEIJING/redo01.log         ONLINE
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEIJING/redo02.log         ONLINE
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEIJING/redo03.log         ONLINE
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEIJING/redo04.log         STANDBY
5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEIJING/redo05.log         STANDBY
6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEIJING/redo06.log         STANDBY
7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEIJING/redo07.log         STANDBY

编辑pfile文件，

DB_NAME=BEIJING
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=BEIJING
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(BEIJING,GUOAN)’  －－顺序填写主备库
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=
 'LOCATION=/home/oracle/flash                   －－location表示本机
  VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)            －－填写主库归档路径
  DB_UNIQUE_NAME=BEIJING'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=
 'SERVICE=GUOAN ASYNC                           －－service表示另一台机器
  VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)
  DB_UNIQUE_NAME=GUOAN’                         －－填写备库DB名称
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc
LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4        －－最大归档进程数官方文档默认30，此处改为4

FAL_SERVER=GUOAN        －－为了切换后主备角色互换使用，Fetch Archived Log缩写
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='GUOAN',’BEIJING’          －－数据文件目录结构对应关系
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='GUOAN',’BEIJING’         －－日志文件目录结构对应关系
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO    －－主库数据文件修改，备库可以选择自动或手工管理

将主库已经改好的参数文件和密码文件传至备库dbs路径下：

[oracle@bill02 dbs]$ scp initBEIJING.ora oracle@bill01:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbs/initGUOAN.ora
[oracle@bill02 dbs]$ scp orapwBEIJING oracle@bill01:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbs/orapwGUOAN

创建主库spfile，并启动：

SYS@BEIJING> create spfile from pfile;
SYS@BEIJING> startup;

2.备库准备工作

编辑tnsnames.ora文件，创建主库连接串：

BEIJING =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bill02)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = BEIJING)
    )
  )

创建备库监听：略

编辑备库pfile文件，

db_name=‘BEIJING’                   －－注意此处，主备库的db_name参数要一致
memory_target=1G
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/guoan/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=GUOANXDB)'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS'
control_files = (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/control01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/control02.ctl)
compatible ='11.2.0'

DB_UNIQUE_NAME=GUOAN
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(GUOAN,BEIJING)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=
 'LOCATION=/home/oracle/flash
  VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)
  DB_UNIQUE_NAME=GUOAN'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=
 'SERVICE=BEIJING ASYNC
  VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)
  DB_UNIQUE_NAME=BEIJING'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc
LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4

FAL_SERVER=BEIJING
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='BEIJING','GUOAN'
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='BEIJING','GUOAN'
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

可以采用替换的方式来修改备库pfile文件：
(1) 将BEIJING替换为中间变量TMP_BEIJING；
(2) 将GUOAN替换为BEIJING；
(3) 将TMP_BEIJING替换为GUOAN；

创建spfile，启动备库：

SYS@GUOAN> create spfile from pfile;

SYS@GUOAN> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
Fixed Size                  2260088 bytes
Variable Size             671089544 bytes
Database Buffers          390070272 bytes
Redo Buffers                5517312 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

此处有报错，可以暂时忽略，因为备库还未有控制文件。

3.主备库文件传输

此处我们采用RMAN来将主库文件传至备库：

oracle@bill02 dbs]$ rman target / auxiliary sys/oracle@guoan

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jul 29 09:46:22 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: BEIJING (DBID=882855131)
connected to auxiliary database: BEIJING (not mounted)

执行复制：

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database;

Starting Duplicate Db at 29-JUL-16
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK

contents of Memory Script:
{
   backup as copy reuse
   targetfile  '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbs/orapwBEIJING' auxiliary format 
 '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbs/orapwGUOAN'   ;
}
executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 29-JUL-16
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 29-JUL-16

contents of Memory Script:
{
   backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/control01.ctl';
   restore clone controlfile to  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/control02.ctl' from 
 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/control01.ctl';
}
executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 29-JUL-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbs/snapcf_BEIJING.f tag=TAG20160729T094647 RECID=1 STAMP=918467209
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 29-JUL-16

Starting restore at 29-JUL-16
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 29-JUL-16

contents of Memory Script:
{
   sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter database mount standby database

contents of Memory Script:
{
   set newname for tempfile  1 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/temp01.dbf";
   switch clone tempfile all;
   set newname for datafile  1 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/system01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  2 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/sysaux01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  3 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/undotbs01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  4 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/users01.dbf";
   backup as copy reuse
   datafile  1 auxiliary format 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/system01.dbf"   datafile 
 2 auxiliary format 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/sysaux01.dbf"   datafile 
 3 auxiliary format 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/undotbs01.dbf"   datafile 
 4 auxiliary format 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/users01.dbf"   ;
   sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/temp01.dbf in control file

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting backup at 29-JUL-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEIJING/system01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/system01.dbf tag=TAG20160729T094657
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEIJING/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20160729T094657
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEIJING/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20160729T094657
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEIJING/users01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/users01.dbf tag=TAG20160729T094657
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished backup at 29-JUL-16

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:
{
   switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=918381060 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=918381060 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=918381060 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=918381060 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/GUOAN/users01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 29-JUL-16

回显所使用的文件传输脚本和过程。

此时从备库可以使用watch监控文件传输进度：

watch ls
Every 2.0s: ls
文章标签：
数据库备份
关系型数据库
Oracle
SQL
网络协议
Java
测试技术
监控
Linux
内存技术
程序员
bisal
目录
相关文章
嗯哼9925
|
Oracle 关系型数据库 数据库
模拟storage copy 功能失败的记录
嗯哼9925
1154 0
科技探索者
|
SQL 数据库
Data guard概念篇一(转载)
科技探索者
1343 0
余二五
|
Oracle 关系型数据库 Go
Oracle 12c 在生产库停止Data Guard怎么搞？
余二五
1221 0
技术小美
|
SQL 数据库
DATA GUARD架构（一）
技术小美
1441 0
技术小胖子
|
关系型数据库
HP data protector软件学习3--备份和备份数据拷贝
技术小胖子
1072 0
科技探索者
|
存储 SQL Oracle
Data guard概念篇二(转载)
科技探索者
1435 0
余二五
|
Oracle 网络协议 关系型数据库
逐步创建Data Guard
余二五
876 0
晚来风急
|
SQL Oracle 关系型数据库
Oracle Active Data Guard调整案例
晚来风急
1590 0
jeanron100
|
Oracle 关系型数据库 测试技术
Oracle Data Guard压缩归档测试（二）（r12笔记第27天）
昨天对Data Guard的归档压缩进行了一个初步的测试，我今天又做了一些补充。    1.昨天测试的是默认50M的redo，如果redo增大，在IO bound的场景中，是否有很大的变化    2.对于归档压缩来说，数据量如果增大，是否会有较大的抖动，昨天测试的是20G的数据量，初始化了50%    3.对于整个数据初始化的过程中，主备的延迟到底有多大，是否有延迟回落的现象。
jeanron100
1278 0
jeanron100
|
SQL 监控 Oracle
Oracle Data Guard延迟的几个可能(r11笔记第69天)
     Oracle Data Guard中很可能出现延迟的情况，而数据一旦出现延迟就意味着丢数据。退一步来说丢数据总比数据乱了好，但是回过头来，能不丢数据但是丢了，这就有些说不过去了。
jeanron100
1262 0