实现了后端与前端分离,后端提供 RESTful api。
后端 flask 与前端 vue 的数据传输都是 json。
本文使用 vue.js 2.0 对前一个例子:flask, SQLAlchemy, sqlite3 实现 RESTful API 的 todo list进行改写
两个文件
from flask import Flask, jsonify, render_template
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite://'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = True
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
# 定义ORM
class Todo(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
title = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True)
description = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
done = db.Column(db.Boolean)
def __init__(self, title, description, done):
self.title = title
self.description = description
self.done = done
def __repr__(self):
return '<Todo %r>' % self.title
# 创建表格、插入数据
@app.before_first_request
def create_db():
# Recreate database each time for demo
#db.drop_all()
db.create_all()
tasks = [Todo('Buy groceries', 'Milk, Cheese, Pizza, Fruit, Tylenol', False),
Todo('Learn Python', 'Need to find a good Python tutorial on the web', False),
Todo('Mow the lawn', 'Find out some tools', False)]
db.session.add_all(tasks)
db.session.commit()
# ==================================
# 下面是RESTful api
# ==================================
@app.route('/')
def index():
return render_template('formdata_vue.html')
# ==================================
# 下面是RESTful api
# ==================================
# 辅助函数
from flask import url_for
def replace_id_to_uri(task):
return dict(uri = url_for('get_task', task_id=task.id, _external=True),
title = task.title,
description = task.description,
done = task.done)
# 查询全部
@app.route('/todo/api/v1.0/tasks/', methods=['GET'])
def get_tasks():
tasks = Todo.query.all()
return jsonify({'tasks': list(map(replace_id_to_uri, tasks))})
# 查询一个
from flask import abort
@app.route('/todo/api/v1.0/tasks/<int:task_id>', methods=['GET'])
def get_task(task_id):
task = Todo.query.filter_by(id=task_id).first()
if task is None:
abort(404)
return jsonify({'task': replace_id_to_uri(task)})
# 添加
from flask import request
@app.route('/todo/api/v1.0/tasks/', methods=['POST'])
def create_task():
# 没有数据,或者数据缺少 title 项,返回 400,表示请求无效
if not request.json or not 'title' in request.json:
abort(400)
task = Todo(request.json['title'], request.json.get('description', ""), False)
db.session.add(task)
db.session.commit()
return jsonify({'task': replace_id_to_uri(task)}), 201
# 更新
@app.route('/todo/api/v1.0/tasks/<int:task_id>', methods=['PUT'])
def update_task(task_id):
task = Todo.query.filter_by(id=task_id).first()
if task is None:
abort(404)
if not request.json:
abort(400)
if 'title' in request.json and type(request.json['title']) != unicode:
abort(400)
if 'description' in request.json and type(request.json['description']) is not unicode:
abort(400)
if 'done' in request.json and type(request.json['done']) is not bool:
abort(400)
task['title'] = request.json.get('title', task['title'])
task['description'] = request.json.get('description', task['description'])
task['done'] = request.json.get('done', task['done'])
#db.session.update(task)
db.session.commit()
return jsonify({'task': replace_id_to_uri(task)})
# 删除
@app.route('/todo/api/v1.0/tasks/<int:task_id>', methods=['DELETE'])
def delete_task(task_id):
task = Todo.query.filter_by(id=task_id).first()
if task is None:
abort(404)
db.session.delete(task)
db.session.commit()
return jsonify({'result': True})
# 定制404出错页面
@app.errorhandler(404)
def not_found(error):
return jsonify({'error': 'Not found'}), 404
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)
为了避免jinja2 与 vue 同时使用 “{{ }}”而发生冲突,vue 的数据绑定使用 v-text
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='js/vue.min.js') }}"></script>
<!--
<script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='js/fetch.js') }}"></script>
-->
<div id="app">
<form v-on:submit="ajax">
<div class="form-group">
<input type="text" v-model="title" placeholder="任务标题" required="required">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<input type="texteara" v-model="description" placeholder="任务描述" required="required">
</div>
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default" value="添加任务">
</form>
<!-- 任务列表 -->
<ol>
<li v-for="task in tasks">
<span v-text="task.title"></span> --
<span v-text="task.description"></span> --
<span v-text="task.done"></span>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<script>
var vm = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
title: '',
description: '',
tasks: [
// {
// uri: 'todo/api/v1.0/tasks/1',
// title: 'waw the land',
// description: 'do something best',
// done: false
// }
]
},
// 事件钩子
beforeCreate: function () {
// `this` 指向 vm 实例
var _this = this; //this只能到这一层
// 原生 js 实现 ajax
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('GET', '/todo/api/v1.0/tasks/');
xhr.send();
xhr.addEventListener('loadend', function() {
if(xhr.status == 200){
var res = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);
console.log(res);
res["tasks"].map(function(task){_this.tasks.push(task)});
}
}, false);
// fetch 库实现 ajax
//fetch('/todo/api/v1.0/tasks/')
//.then(r => r.json())
//.then(j => {
// console.log(j);
// this.tasks = j.tasks; //暴力替换
//})
},
methods: {
ajax: function(event){
event.preventDefault();
var _this = this; //this只能到这一层
var payload = {
title: _this.title,
description: _this.description
};
console.log(payload);
// 原生 js 实现 ajax
var xhr2 = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr2.open('POST', '/todo/api/v1.0/tasks/');
xhr2.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
xhr2.send(JSON.stringify(payload));// 发送json数据!
xhr2.addEventListener('loadend', function() {
if(xhr2.status == 201){ // 注意,这里是201,与后台一致!!
var res2 = JSON.parse(xhr2.responseText);
console.log(res2["task"]);
//[res2["task"]].map(function(task){_this.tasks.push(task)}); // 这里也用map,没别的目的,只想与前面的形式一致
_this.tasks.push(res2["task"]); //动作温柔
}
}, false);
// fetch 库实现 ajax
//fetch('/todo/api/v1.0/tasks/', {
// method: 'POST',
// headers: {
// 'Content-Type': 'application/json'
// },
// body: JSON.stringify(payload)
//})
//.then(r => r.json())
//.then(j => {
// console.log(j);
//[j.task].map(function(task){_this.tasks.push(task)});
// _this.tasks.push(j.task); //动作温柔
//})
}
}
});
</script>
效果图
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