1、中断定义
中断是指cpu在执行过程中，出现了某些突发事件时cpu必须暂停执行当前的程序，转去处理突发事件，处理完毕后cpu又返回原程序被中断的位置并继续执行。
2、中断分类
3、Linux中断处理程序结构
a.在Linux系统中，中断处理程序分解为两个半部：顶半部（TopHalf）和底半部（BottomHalt）。
b.顶半部：完成尽可能少的比较紧急的功能，往往只是简单的读取寄存器中的中断状态并清除中断标志后就进行“登记中断”的工作，也就是将底半部处理程序挂到该设备的底半部执行队列中去，该过程不可中断。
c.底半部：它将完成中断时间的绝大多数任务，该部分任务不是非常紧急，并且相对比较耗时，该部分可以被新的中断打断。
4、中断编程
实现在内核源码kernel/irq/manage.c中
申请中断
IRQF_SHAREED:表示多个设备共享中断
IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM:用于随机数种子的随机采样
IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING:上升沿触发中断
IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING:下降沿触发中断
IRQF_TRIGGER_HIGH:高电平触发中断
IRQF_TRIGGER_LOW:低电平触发中断
申请中断
int request_irq(unsigned int irq, irq_handler_t handler, unsigned long irqflags, const char *name, void *dev_id); irq:待申请的中断号 handler:待注册的中断处理函数 irqflags:中断标志 name:中断设备的名称 dev_id:传递给中断处理函数的指针，通常用于共享中断时传递设备结构体指针 返回：成功返回0， 失败返回负值 -EINVAL:表示申请的中断号无效火种中断处理函数指针为空 -EBUSY:表示中断已经被占用并且不能共享中断申请常见中断标志
IRQF_SHAREED:表示多个设备共享中断
IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM:用于随机数种子的随机采样
IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING:上升沿触发中断
IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING:下降沿触发中断
IRQF_TRIGGER_HIGH:高电平触发中断
IRQF_TRIGGER_LOW:低电平触发中断
中断处理函数
irqreturn_t (*irq_handler_t)(int irq, void *dev_id); irq:中断号 dev_id:通常传递设备结构体指针 返回：IRQ_NONE:未做处理、IRQ_HANDLED:正常处理后应该返回该值中断释放
void free_irq(unsigned int irq, void *dev_id): irq：待释放的IRQ号 dev_id:传递给中断处理函数的指针
/**
*Copyright (c) 2013.TianYuan
*All rights reserved.
*
*文件名称: irq.c
*文件标识: 按键1的中断,测试的时候需要裁剪掉内核中自带的按键驱动
*make menuconfig--- device drivers
*input keyboards ---s3c gpio keypad supports
#cat /proc/interrupts : 32(中断号) :intertupt_demo
*
*当前版本：1.0
*作者：wuyq
*
*取代版本：xxx
*原作者：xxx
*完成日期：2014-02-14
*/
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/gpio.h>
#include <plat/gpio-cfg.h>
#include <linux/spinlock_types.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
#define CDD_MAJOR 200//cat /proc/devices找一个尚未使用的
#define CDD_MINOR 0
#define CDD_COUNT 10
dev_t dev = 0;
u32 cdd_major = 0;
u32 cdd_minor = 0;
struct class *dev_class = NULL;
#define BUF_SIZE 100
struct cdd_cdev{
struct cdev cdev;
struct device *dev_device;
u8 led;
char kbuf[BUF_SIZE];
u32 data_len;//记录缓冲区中已经写入数据的长度
//定义等待队列头
wait_quue_head_t wqh;
};
struct cdd_cdev *cdd_cdevp = NULL;
unsigned long led_gpio_table[2] = {
S5PV210_GPC1(3),//数字
S5PV210_GPC1(4),
};
int cdd_open(struct inode* inode, struct file *filp)
{
struct cdd_cdev *pcdevp = NULL;
printk("enter cdd_open!\n");
pcdevp = container_of(inode->i_cdev, struct cdd_cdev, cdev);
printk("led = %d\n", pcdevp->led);
/*获取信号量*/
//down获取信号量不成功，会导致进程睡眠（第3个进程的时候）
//down(&pcdevp->sem_open);
if(down_interruptible(&pcdevp->sem_open)<0){
return -1;
}
filp->private_data = pcdevp;
//申请gpio管脚
gpio_request(led_gpio_table[0], "GPC1_3");
gpio_request(led_gpio_table[1], "GPC1_4");
return 0;
}
int cdd_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *offset)
{
int ret = 0;
u32 pos = *offset;
u32 cnt = count;
struct cdd_cdev *cdevp = filp->private_data;
#if 0
//定义并初始化一个等待队列
DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wq, current);
//将等待队列添加到wqh指向的链表
add_wait_queue(&pcdevp->wqh, &wq);
//判断设备有没有数据供用户空间读,假设led不为0，表示有数据供用户空间读取
if(pcdevp->led == 0){
printk("no data for reading! sleep...\n");
//设置当前线程为睡眠状态
set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
schedule();//内核调度cpu的算法
printk("have data for reading!\n");
}
//从指定的链表中删除等待队列
remove_wait_queue(&pcdevp->wqh, &wq);
#endif
wait_event_interruptible(pcdevp->wqh, pcdevp->led != 0);
//printk("enter cdd_read!\n");
if(cnt > (cdevp->data_len-pos) ){
cnt = cdevp->data_len - pos;
}
ret = copy_to_user(buf, cdevp->kbuf+pos, cnt);
//printk("kernel kbuf content:%s\n", cdevp->kbuf);
*offset += cnt;
pcdevp->led = 0;
return ret;
}
int cdd_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *offset)
{
int ret = 0;
struct cdd_cdev *cdevp = filp->private_data;
u32 pos = *offset;
u32 cnt = count;
//printk("enter cdd_write!\n");
if(cnt > (BUF_SIZE - pos) ){
cnt = BUF_SIZE - pos;
}
ret = copy_from_user(cdevp->kbuf+pos, buf, cnt);
*offset += cnt;
if(*offset > cdevp->data_len){
cdevp->data_len = *offset;
}
pcdevp->led = 1;
//唤醒等待队列头中的一个等待队列
wake_up_interruptible(&pcdevp->wqh);
return ret;
}
int cdd_ioctl(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long data)
{
//printk("enter cdd_ioctl!\n");
switch(cmd){
case 1://点亮灯
//设置管脚为输出功能
//参数：1.要设置的管脚编号2.默认的输出值 0低电平1高电平
gpio_direction_output(led_gpio_table[data], 0);
//禁止内部上拉
s3c_gpio_setpull(led_gpio_table[data], SEC_GPIO_PULL_NONE);
//设置输出值
gpio_set_value(led_gpio_table[data], 1);
break;
case 0://熄灭灯
//设置管脚为输出功能
//参数：1.要设置的管脚编号2.默认的输出值 0低电平1高电平
gpio_direction_output(led_gpio_table[data], 0);
//禁止内部上拉
s3c_gpio_setpull(led_gpio_table[data], SEC_GPIO_PULL_NONE);
//设置输出值
gpio_set_value(led_gpio_table[data], 0);
break;
default:
return -EINVAL;
}
return 0;
}
int cdd_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
struct cdd_cdev *pcdevp = filp->private_data;
printk("enter cdd_release!\n");
gpio_free(led_gpio_table[0]);
gpio_free(led_gpio_table[1]);
up(&pcdevp->sem_open);
return 0;
}
loff_t cdd_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t offset, int whence)
{
struct cdd_cdev *pcdevp = filp->private_data;
loff_t newpos = 0;
switch(whence){
case SEEK_SET:
newpos = offset;
break;
case SEEK_CUR:
newpos = filp->f_pos + offset;
break;
case SEEK_END:
newpos = pcdevp->data_len + offset;
break;
default:
return -EINVAL;//无效的参数
}
if( newpos<0 || newpos>= BUF_SIZE ){
return -EINVAL;
}
filp->f_pos = newpos;
return newpos;
}
unsigned int cdd_poll(struct file *filp, struct poll_table_struct *wait)
{
unsigned int mask = 0;
struct cdd_cdev pcdevp = filp->private_data;
printk("enter cdd_poll!\n");
poll_wait(filp, &pcdep->wqh, wait);
//led不为0即可读
if(pcdevp->led){
mask = POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
}
return mask;
}
struct file_operations cdd_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = cdd_open,
.read = cdd_read,
.write = cdd_write,
.ioctl = cdd_ioctl,
.release = cdd_release,
.llseek = cdd_llseek,
.poll = cdd_poll,
};
irqreturn_t cdd_isr(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
printk("occur up key press or release!\n");
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
int __init cdd_init(void)
{
int ret = 0;
int i = 0;
if(cdd_major){
dev = MKDEV(CDD_MAJOR, CDD_MINOR);//生成设备号
//注册设备号;1、要注册的起始设备号2、连续注册的设备号个数3、名字
ret = register_chrdev_region(dev, CDD_COUNT, "cdd_demo");
}else{
// 动态分配设备号
ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev, cdd_minor, CDD_COUNT, "cdd_demo02");
}
if(ret < 0){
printk("register_chrdev_region failed!\n");
goto failure_register_chrdev;
}
//获取主设备号
cdd_major = MAJOR(dev);
printk("cdd_major = %d\n", cdd_major);
cdd_cdevp = kzalloc(sizeof(struct cdd_cdev)*CDD_COUNT, GFP_KERNEL);
if(IS_ERR(cdd_cdevp)){
printk("kzalloc failed!\n");
goto failure_kzalloc;
}
/*创建设备类*/
dev_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "cdd_class");
if(IS_ERR(dev_class)){
printk("class_create failed!\n");
goto failure_dev_class;
}
for(i=0; i<CDD_COUNT; i++){
/*初始化cdev*/
cdev_init(&(cdd_cdevp[i].cdev), &cdd_fops);
/*添加cdev到内核*/
cdev_add(&(cdd_cdevp[i].cdev), dev+i, 1);
/* “/dev/xxx” */
device_create(dev_class, NULL, dev+i, NULL, "cdd%d", i);
cdd_cdevp[i].led = i;
//初始化等待队列头
init_waitqueue_head(&cdd_cdevp[i].wqh);
}
//注册中断
request_irq(IRQ_EINT0, cdd_isr, IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING | IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING, "interrupt_demo", NULL);
return 0;
failure_dev_class:
kfree(cdd_cdevp);
failure_kzalloc:
unregister_chrdev_region(dev, CDD_COUNT);
failure_register_chrdev:
return ret;
}
void __exit cdd_exit(void)
{
/*逆序消除*/
int i = 0;
for(; i < CDD_COUNT; i++){
device_destroy(dev_class, dev+i);
cdev_del(&(cdd_cdevp[i].cdev));
//cdev_del(&((cdd_cdevp+i)->cdev));
}
class_destroy(dev_class);
kfree(cdd_cdevp);
unregister_chrdev_region(dev, CDD_COUNT);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, NULL);
}
module_init(cdd_init);
module_exit(cdd_exit);
