一起谈.NET技术，C#编程笔记（一）-阿里云开发者社区

前段时间，帮朋友用C#做了一个小玩意儿，在开发过程中，发现很多用的着的东西，在网上都没有很好的解决方案，前前后后折腾了近一个月，总算是基本上完成了，在此整理下，权作以后再用到时复习之用。

这个东西有点像星座性格测试那种的，只不过是要C/S的，安装到客户端上，所以做起来限制比较多。首先要有数据录入的功能，提供界面，用户要能向其中录入数据，比如星座测试一条一条的题目；然后要对每个题目，提出相应的反馈、建议；最后，录入完成了，用户还要能够有个界面对指定的数据库进行增删改查：前面是录入的功能。在用户性格测试的时候，要有窗口完成答题，并在提交后，查看测试的结果，有打分，有整体评价，并且对于那些答得不合适的，还有一些建议。

接下来，我会按不同的模块，说一说我是怎么做的。

（1）数据的存储

由于没有数据库管理系统的支持，我选择XML来保存数据。所以，这一模块就是基本的XML的创建、添加、删除。

（1.1）XML文件的新建

我做的这个玩意儿，用的XML的数据格式比较固定，所以，新建XML文件的时候，大的结构就写死了，不希望，也不会发生改变：

EmptyXmlDocumentCreate

1                  this ._fileName = fileName;
2                  this ._xDoc = new XmlDocument();
3                  this ._xDoc.LoadXml(
4                      " <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"gb2312\" ?> " +
5                          " <root> " +
6                              " <Principles> " +
7                              " </Principles> " +
8                              " <Results> " +
9                              " </Results> " +
10                          " </root> "
11                     );
12                  try
13                 {
14                      this ._xDoc.Save(fileName);
15                 }
16                  catch (Exception ex)
17                 {
18                     MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
19                 }

（1.2）向XML文件中的指定位置添加节点

这里要说的是，我要添加的节点的数据结构是<ID,Content,Suggestion>。再者，添加节点的时候，用在树上直接找的办法，比较笨，用xPath会好很多，可惜时间紧没学明白……

addToXMLDocument

1          public void addToXMLDocument( string id, string content, string suggestion)
2         {
3             XmlNode Term = this ._xDoc.CreateNode(XmlNodeType.Element, " Term " , "" );
4
5             XmlElement ID = this ._xDoc.CreateElement( " ID " );
6             ID.InnerText = id;
7             Term.AppendChild(ID);
8
9             XmlElement Content = this ._xDoc.CreateElement( " Content " );
10             Content.InnerText = content;
11             Term.AppendChild(Content);
12
13             XmlElement Suggestion = this ._xDoc.CreateElement( " Suggestion " );
14             Suggestion.InnerText = suggestion;
15             Term.AppendChild(Suggestion);
16
17              this ._xDoc.ChildNodes.Item( 1 ).ChildNodes.Item( 0 ).AppendChild(Term);
18
19              try
20             {
21                  this ._xDoc.Save( this ._fileName);
22             }
23              catch (Exception ex)
24             {
25                 MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
26             }
27         }

（1.3）从XML文件中删除指定的节点

在应用中，我是在ListView中把XML的数据打出来，通过勾选CheckBox选定删除的对象。

DeleteNodeFromXmlDocument

1          private void button4_Click( object sender, EventArgs e)
2         {
3             XmlDocument xDoc = new XmlDocument();
4             xDoc.Load( this ._fileName);
5              foreach (ListViewItem lItem in Listview1.Items)
6             {
7                  if (lItem.Checked == true )
8                 {
9                      // int index = Convert.ToInt32(lItem.SubItems[1].Text, 10);
10                      foreach (XmlNode xNode in xDoc.ChildNodes.Item( 1 ).ChildNodes.Item( 0 ).ChildNodes)
11                     {
12                          if (String.Compare(xNode.ChildNodes[ 0 ].InnerText, lItem.SubItems[ 1 ].Text) == 0 )
13                         {
14                             xDoc.ChildNodes.Item( 1 ).ChildNodes.Item( 0 ).RemoveChild(xNode);
15                         }
16                     }
17                     Listview1.Items.Remove(lItem);
18                 }
19             }
20             xDoc.Save( this ._fileName);
21             Re_Load();
22         }

（2）动态界面生成

这个算是我在第一阶段遇到的最大的一个问题。作为一个C#的菜鸟，习惯了拖拖拽拽弄出一个窗口界面，当被要求根据用户输入，动态生成界面的时候，直接歇菜了……

在网上找了很多，可惜很多都不适用，忘记后来是在哪里找到的答案，向那位记不起名儿的童鞋致敬了。

是这样的，所谓的动态生成，就是把原来在Form.Designer.cs中代码，搬到你自己的代码中去。比如，你原来在Form.Designer.cs中有这样的代码

Example: Form.Designer.cs

1              //
2              // button1
3              //
4              this .button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point( 57 , 97 );
5              this .button1.Name = " button1 " ;
6              this .button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size( 75 , 23 );
7              this .button1.TabIndex = 0 ;
8              this .button1.Text = " button1 " ;
9              this .button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true ;

你可以写到你自定义的Button2的Click事件中，这样，在你点击Button2后，就会在窗口上新加一个Button1出来

Example: ButtonClick

1          private void button2_Click( object sender, EventArgs e)
2         {
3              //
4              // button1
5              //
6              this .button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point( 57 , 97 );
7              this .button1.Name = " button1 " ;
8              this .button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size( 75 , 23 );
9              this .button1.TabIndex = 0 ;
10              this .button1.Text = " button1 " ;
11              this .button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true ;
12              this .Controls.Add( this .button1);
13              this .ResumeLayout( false );
14         }

（2.1）说一说我自己做的那个东西，我设计如下：在Form中先放好一个大Panel，然后，根据用户输入，动态加入指定个数的组件Component。在每个Component里面，包含一个GroupBox，三个Label，三个TextBox，还有一些坐标的参数。

要说一下，窃以为，动态加入组件，最麻烦的就是算坐标。那么多的东西，你需要事先把每个组件的坐标位置和大小都算好了，然后，你才可以保证你按下“添加”之后，你的组件能按照你想要的方式，呈现在窗口上。所以我对应每一条要添加的数据项，构造了上面的一个Component，然后给每个Component设置索引值，只要得到索引值，那么，这个Component的位置也就确定了。

比较欣慰的是，这个组件的坐标是按相对位置计算的：你设置GroupBox的坐标时，你只要算好你在Panel中的位置就可以了，你不用管Panel在Form的哪里。同样，你的Label，TextBox只要算好在一个200*50的GroupBox中的位置就可以了，剩下的你就不用管了。或许是以前没有注意过这个问题，反正我觉得这一性质在我做的过程中，省了不少的事儿。

这就完了么？No，还有一个我开始都没注意到的问题：最大化。对，你算的坐标是死的，当用户点击“最大化”按钮后，你的界面就会面目全非，所以，这里又要加入一个新的东西：TableLayoutPanel。Yes，需要把前面的那些写死的坐标，都放到这个TableLayoutPanel里面来，设置好每个组件的位置，这样，在“最大化”之后，依然能够保持良好的布局。

Component

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace app01_Generate
{
     class Component
    {
         #region 成员变量定义

         public static int OFFSET = 3 ;
         public static int HEIGHT = 98 ;
         private int _weight;
         private int _index;
         private GroupBox _gb;
         private Label _lb1, _lb2, _lb3;
         private TextBox _tb1, _tb2, _tb3;
         private TableLayoutPanel _tlp;

         #endregion

         public Component( int index, int weight)
        {
             this ._index = index;
             this ._weight = weight;

             this ._gb = new GroupBox();
             this ._gb.Location = new Point( 3 , OFFSET + this ._index * HEIGHT);
             this ._gb.Size = new System.Drawing.Size( this ._weight, 92 );
             this ._gb.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)(((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)
                         | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));

             this ._tlp = new TableLayoutPanel();
             this ._tlp.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom)
                         | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)
                         | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
             this ._tlp.ColumnCount = 25 ;
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
             this ._tlp.Location = new System.Drawing.Point( 6 , 20 );
             this ._tlp.Name = " _tlp " ;
             this ._tlp.RowCount = 1 ;
             this ._tlp.RowStyles.Add( new System.Windows.Forms.RowStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 100F));
             this ._tlp.Size = new System.Drawing.Size( this ._weight - 12 , 66 );

             this ._lb1 = new Label();
             this ._lb1.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)(( System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
             this ._lb1.AutoSize = true ;
             this ._tlp.SetColumnSpan( this ._lb1, 2 );
             this ._lb1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font( " 微软雅黑 " , 10.5F , System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, (( byte )( 134 )));
             this ._lb1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(( int )(( this ._weight - 12 ) * 8 / 741 ), 0 );
             this ._lb1.Name = " _lb1 " ;
             this ._lb1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size( 47 , 19 );
             this ._lb1.Text = " ID " ;

             this ._lb2 = new Label();
             this ._lb2.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)(( System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
             this ._lb2.AutoSize = true ;
             this ._tlp.SetColumnSpan( this ._lb2, 2 );
             this ._lb2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font( " 微软雅黑 " , 10.5F , System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, (( byte )( 134 )));
             this ._lb2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(( int )(( this ._weight - 12 ) * 124 / 741 ), 0 );
             this ._lb2.Name = " _lb2 " ;
             this ._lb2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size( 47 , 38 );
             this ._lb2.Text = " Content " ;

             this ._lb3 = new Label();
             this ._lb3.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)(( System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
             this ._lb3.AutoSize = true ;
             this ._tlp.SetColumnSpan( this ._lb3, 2 );
             this ._lb3.Font = new System.Drawing.Font( " 微软雅黑 " , 10.5F , System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, (( byte )( 134 )));
             this ._lb3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(( int )(( this ._weight - 12 ) * 501 / 741 ), 0 );
             this ._lb3.Name = " _lb3 " ;
             this ._lb3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size( 47 , 38 );
             this ._lb3.Text = " Suggestion " ;

             this ._tb1 = new TextBox();
             this ._tb1.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((( System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)
             | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
             this ._tlp.SetColumnSpan( this ._tb1, 2 );
             this ._tb1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font( " 仿宋 " , 10.5F , System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, (( byte )( 134 )));
             this ._tb1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(( int )(( this ._weight - 12 ) * 61 / 741 ), 3 );
             this ._tb1.Name = " _tb1 " ;
             this ._tb1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size( 52 , 29 );

             this ._tb2 = new TextBox();
             this ._tb2.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((( System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)
                         | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
             this ._tlp.SetColumnSpan( this ._tb2, 11 );
             this ._tb2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font( " 仿宋 " , 10.5F , System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, (( byte )( 134 )));
             this ._tb2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(( int )(( this ._weight - 12 ) * 177 / 741 ), 3 );
             this ._tb2.Multiline = true ;
             this ._tb2.Name = " _tb2 " ;
             this ._tb2.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.ScrollBars.Vertical;
             this ._tb2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size( 313 , 48 );

             this ._tb3 = new TextBox();
             this ._tb3.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((( System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)
                         | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
             this ._tlp.SetColumnSpan( this ._tb3, 6 );
             this ._tb3.Font = new System.Drawing.Font( " 仿宋 " , 10.5F , System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, (( byte )( 134 )));
             this ._tb3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(( int )(( this ._weight - 12 ) * 554 / 741 ), 3 );
             this ._tb3.Multiline = true ;
             this ._tb3.Name = " _tb3 " ;
             this ._tb3.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.ScrollBars.Vertical;
             this ._tb3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size( 184 , 48 );

             this ._tlp.Controls.Add( this ._lb1, 0 , 0 );
             this ._tlp.Controls.Add( this ._tb1, 2 , 0 );
             this ._tlp.Controls.Add( this ._lb2, 4 , 0 );
             this ._tlp.Controls.Add( this ._lb3, 17 , 0 );
             this ._tlp.Controls.Add( this ._tb3, 19 , 0 );
             this ._tlp.Controls.Add( this ._tb2, 6 , 0 );
             this ._gb.Controls.Add( this ._tlp);

        }

         public void addToPanel( ref Panel pnl)
        {
            pnl.Controls.Add( this ._gb);
        }

         public void Clear()
        {
             this ._tb1.Clear();
             this ._tb2.Clear();
             this ._tb3.Clear();
        }

         public string getID()
        {
             return this ._tb1.Text.Trim();
        }

         public string getContent()
        {
             return this ._tb2.Text.Trim();
        }

         public string getSuggestion()
        {
             return this ._tb3.Text.Trim();
        }

         public bool Check()
        {
             if ( string .IsNullOrEmpty( this ._tb1.Text.Trim()) == false ||
                 string .IsNullOrEmpty( this ._tb2.Text.Trim()) == false ||
                 string .IsNullOrEmpty( this ._tb3.Text.Trim()) == false
              &nbs

一起谈.NET技术，C#编程笔记（一）

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