ORACLE rman备份之ORA-00230

    2016年4月13日接到一呼叫平台负责人告警，oracle 9.2.0.8数据库的rman备份出现异常，控制文件无法备份，报错信息如下：
RMAN> run{
2> allocate channel c1 type disk;
3> backup current controlfile format '/tmp/ora_contr.bak';
4> release channel c1;
5> }
using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: sid=411 devtype=DISK
Starting backup at 13-APR-16
channel c1: starting full datafile backupset
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
waiting for snapshot controlfile enqueue
waiting for snapshot controlfile enqueue
waiting for snapshot controlfile enqueue
waiting for snapshot controlfile enqueue
waiting for snapshot controlfile enqueue
cannot make a snapshot controlfile
released channel: c1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on c1 channel at 04/13/2016 10:37:24
ORA-00230: operation disallowed: snapshot controlfile enqueue unavailable
   查阅网上介绍rman备份遇到ORA00230有2个原因，一是9.2.0.8的数据库的rman配置了磁带库备份，在备份时磁带库故障响应超时导致，二是数据库在之前的rman备份过程中被异常中断，残留有上次rman的备份进程。
    经过核实，当前数据库确实是9.2.0.8，操作系统是AIX6.1，为了排除磁带库故障，特地使用磁盘备份进行测试，测试结果如上rman备份失败报错信息，因此排除磁带库故障的原因；接下来是RMAN备份异常中断导致控制文件无法备份的处理过程：
   --登录数据库查询残留的RMAN备份进程
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production on Wed Apr 13 10:17:00 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> SELECT s.SID, USERNAME AS "User", PROGRAM, MODULE,
ACTION, LOGON_TIME "Logon"
 FROM V$SESSION s, V$ENQUEUE_LOCK l
WHERE l.SID = s.SID
AND l.TYPE = 'CF'
AND l.ID1 = 0
AND l.ID2 = 2; --网上给的方法，没有查出结果，看来网上的方法不总是那么可靠，╮(╯▽╰)╭

no rows selected
   --修改查询方法，查出了RMAN残留备份进程
SQL> select s.sid, username, program, module, action, logon_time, l.*
from v$session s, v$enqueue_lock l
where l.sid = s.sid
and l.type = 'CF';
      SID USERNAME PROGRAM                           MODULE                                         ACTION                  LOGON_TIM ADDR                     KADDR                  TY        ID1        ID2      LMODE    REQUEST      CTIME      BLOCK
---------- ---------------  -------------------------------------    ------------------------------------------------     --------------------------- -------------    ---------------------------- ---- -- -----------          ---------- ---------- ----------    ---------- ----------        ----------      ----------
    377  SYS           rman@cncora2 (TNS V1-V3)   backup full datafile: ORA_SBT_TAPE_1 0000014 STARTED  13-APR-16   07000000C50A59B8  07000000C50A59D8  CF       0          2 
    4          0                1217          2
   --查出sid=377的操作系统进程号
SQL> select 'kill -9 '||spid from v$process where addr = (select paddr from v$session where sid=&sid);
Enter value for sid: 377
old   1: select 'kill -9 '||spid from v$process where addr = (select paddr from v$session where sid=&sid)
new   1: select 'kill -9 '||spid from v$process where addr = (select paddr from v$session where sid=377)
'KILL-9'||SPID
--------------------------------------------
kill -9 2322660