1、Internals and Portability
Written in C and C++.用C和C++写就。
Tested with a broad range of different compilers.通过大量不同的编译器测试。
Works on many different platforms。适用于多种不同平台。
For portability, uses CMake in MySQL 5.5 and up. Previous series use GNU Automake, Autoconf, and Libtool.可移植性。
Designed to be fully multi-threaded using kernel threads, to easily use multiple CPUs if they are available. 多线程支持
Provides transactional and nontransactional storage engines.支持事务和非事务存储引擎。
Uses very fast B-tree disk tables (MyISAM) with index compression.
Designed to make it relatively easy to add other storage engines. This is useful if you want to provide an SQL interface for an in-house database.
Uses a very fast thread-based memory allocation system.
Executes very fast joins using an optimized nested-loop join.
Implements in-memory hash tables, which are used as temporary tables.
Implements SQL functions using a highly optimized class library that should be as fast as possible. Usually there is no memory allocation at all after query initialization.
Provides the server as a separate program for use in a client/server networked environment, and as a library that can be embedded (linked) into standalone applications. Such applications can be used in isolation or in environments where no network is available.
Tested with a broad range of different compilers.通过大量不同的编译器测试。
Works on many different platforms。适用于多种不同平台。
For portability, uses CMake in MySQL 5.5 and up. Previous series use GNU Automake, Autoconf, and Libtool.可移植性。
Designed to be fully multi-threaded using kernel threads, to easily use multiple CPUs if they are available. 多线程支持
Provides transactional and nontransactional storage engines.支持事务和非事务存储引擎。
Uses very fast B-tree disk tables (MyISAM) with index compression.
Designed to make it relatively easy to add other storage engines. This is useful if you want to provide an SQL interface for an in-house database.
Uses a very fast thread-based memory allocation system.
Executes very fast joins using an optimized nested-loop join.
Implements in-memory hash tables, which are used as temporary tables.
Implements SQL functions using a highly optimized class library that should be as fast as possible. Usually there is no memory allocation at all after query initialization.
Provides the server as a separate program for use in a client/server networked environment, and as a library that can be embedded (linked) into standalone applications. Such applications can be used in isolation or in environments where no network is available.
2、Data Types
Many data types: signed/unsigned integers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 bytes long,
FLOAT
,
DOUBLE
,
CHAR
,
VARCHAR
,
BINARY
,
VARBINARY
,
TEXT
,
BLOB
,
DATE
,
TIME
,
DATETIME
,
TIMESTAMP
,
YEAR
,
SET
,
ENUM
, and OpenGIS spatial types.
Fixed-length and variable-length string types.
Fixed-length and variable-length string types.
3、Statements and Functions
Full operator and function support in the
SELECT
list and WHERE
clause of queries.
Full support for SQL GROUP BY and ORDER BY clauses. Support for group functions ( COUNT() , AVG() , STD() , SUM() , MAX() , MIN() , and GROUP_CONCAT() ).
Support for LEFT OUTER JOIN and RIGHT OUTER JOIN with both standard SQL and ODBC syntax.
Support for aliases on tables and columns as required by standard SQL.
Support for DELETE , INSERT , REPLACE , and UPDATE to return the number of rows that were changed (affected), or to return the number of rows matched instead by setting a flag when connecting to the server.
Support for MySQL-specific SHOW statements that retrieve information about databases, storage engines, tables, and indexes. Support for theINFORMATION_SCHEMA database, implemented according to standard SQL.
An EXPLAIN statement to show how the optimizer resolves a query.
Independence of function names from table or column names.
You can refer to tables from different databases in the same statement.
Full support for SQL GROUP BY and ORDER BY clauses. Support for group functions ( COUNT() , AVG() , STD() , SUM() , MAX() , MIN() , and GROUP_CONCAT() ).
Support for LEFT OUTER JOIN and RIGHT OUTER JOIN with both standard SQL and ODBC syntax.
Support for aliases on tables and columns as required by standard SQL.
Support for DELETE , INSERT , REPLACE , and UPDATE to return the number of rows that were changed (affected), or to return the number of rows matched instead by setting a flag when connecting to the server.
Support for MySQL-specific SHOW statements that retrieve information about databases, storage engines, tables, and indexes. Support for theINFORMATION_SCHEMA database, implemented according to standard SQL.
An EXPLAIN statement to show how the optimizer resolves a query.
Independence of function names from table or column names.
You can refer to tables from different databases in the same statement.
4、Security
A privilege and password system that is very flexible and secure, and that enables host-based verification.
Password security by encryption of all password traffic when you connect to a server.
Password security by encryption of all password traffic when you connect to a server.
5、Scalability and Limits
Support for large databases. We use MySQL Server with databases that contain 50 million records. We also know of users who use MySQL Server with 200,000 tables and about 5,000,000,000 rows.
Support for up to 64 indexes per table. Each index may consist of 1 to 16 columns or parts of columns. The maximum index width is 767 bytes for InnoDB tables, or 1000 for MyISAM . An index may use a prefix of a column for CHAR , VARCHAR , BLOB , or TEXT column types.
Support for up to 64 indexes per table. Each index may consist of 1 to 16 columns or parts of columns. The maximum index width is 767 bytes for InnoDB tables, or 1000 for MyISAM . An index may use a prefix of a column for CHAR , VARCHAR , BLOB , or TEXT column types.
6、Connectivity
Clients can connect to MySQL Server using several protocols:
-
Clients can connect using TCP/IP sockets on any platform.
-
On Windows systems, clients can connect using named pipes if the server is started with the --enable-named-pipe option. Windows servers also support shared-memory connections if started with the --shared-memory option. Clients can connect through shared memory by using the --protocol=memory option.
-
On Unix systems, clients can connect using Unix domain socket files.
APIs for C, C++, Eiffel, Java, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, and Tcl are available, enabling MySQL clients to be written in many languages.
The Connector/ODBC (MyODBC) interface provides MySQL support for client programs that use ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) connections. For example, you can use MS Access to connect to your MySQL server. Clients can be run on Windows or Unix. Connector/ODBC source is available. All ODBC 2.5 functions are supported, as are many others.
The Connector/J interface provides MySQL support for Java client programs that use JDBC connections. Clients can be run on Windows or Unix. Connector/J source is available.
MySQL Connector/Net enables developers to easily create .NET applications that require secure, high-performance data connectivity with MySQL. It implements the required ADO.NET interfaces and integrates into ADO.NET aware tools. Developers can build applications using their choice of .NET languages. MySQL Connector/Net is a fully managed ADO.NET driver written in 100% pure C#.
7、Localization
The server can provide error messages to clients in many languages.
Full support for several different character sets, including latin1 (cp1252), german , big5 , ujis , several Unicode character sets, and more.
All data is saved in the chosen character set.
Sorting and comparisons are done according to the chosen character set and collation (using latin1 and Swedish collation by default). It is possible to change this when the MySQL server is started. To see an example of very advanced sorting, look at the Czech sorting code. MySQL Server supports many different character sets that can be specified at compile time and runtime.
The server time zone can be changed dynamically, and individual clients can specify their own time zone.
Full support for several different character sets, including latin1 (cp1252), german , big5 , ujis , several Unicode character sets, and more.
All data is saved in the chosen character set.
Sorting and comparisons are done according to the chosen character set and collation (using latin1 and Swedish collation by default). It is possible to change this when the MySQL server is started. To see an example of very advanced sorting, look at the Czech sorting code. MySQL Server supports many different character sets that can be specified at compile time and runtime.
The server time zone can be changed dynamically, and individual clients can specify their own time zone.
8、Clients and Tools
MySQL includes several client and utility programs. These include both command-line programs such as mysqldump and mysqladmin , and graphical programs such as MySQL Workbench .MySQL Server has built-in support for SQL statements to check, optimize, and repair tables. These statements are available from the command line through the mysqlcheck client. MySQL also includes myisamchk , a very fast command-line utility for performing these operations on MyISAM tables.
MySQL programs can be invoked with the --help or -? option to obtain online assistance.
