第一章 本篇总览
之前发布了一篇《Oracle_lhr_RAC 12cR1安装》，但是其中的存储并没有使用多路径，而是使用了VMware自身提供的存储。所以，年前最后一件事就是把多路径学习一下，本文介绍了OpenFiler、iSCSI和多路径的配置。
本文内容：
第二章 安装OpenFiler
OpenFile是在rPath Linux基础上开发的，它能够作为一个独立的Linux操作系统发行。Openfiler是一款非常好的存储管理操作系统，开源免费，通过web界面对存储磁盘的管理，支持现在流行的网络存储技术IP-SAN和NAS，支持iSCSI、NFS、SMB/CIFS及FTP等协议。
本次安装OpenFiler锁需要的软件如下所示：
序号 |
类型 |
内容 |
1 |
openfiler |
openfileresa-2.99.1-x86_64-disc1.iso |
注：这些软件小麦苗已上传到腾讯微云（http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1624453/），各位朋友可以去下载。另外，小麦苗已经将安装好的虚拟机上传到了云盘，里边已集成了rlwrap软件。
2.1 安装
详细安装过程小麦苗就不一个一个截图了，网上已经有网友贴出了一步一步的过程，OpenFiler的内存设置为1G大小或再小点也无所谓，磁盘选用IDE磁盘格式，由于后续要配置多路径，所以需要安装2块网卡。安装完成后，重新启动，界面如下所示：
注意，方框中的内容，可以在浏览器中直接打开。可以用root用户登录进行用户的维护，若进行存储的维护则只能使用openfiler用户。openfiler是在远程使用Web界面进行管理的，小麦苗这里的管理地址是https://192.168.59.200:446，其管理的初始用户名是openfiler（小写的），密码是password，可以在登录之后，修改这个密码。
2.2 基本配置
2.2.1 网卡配置
配置静态网卡地址：
[root@OFLHR ~]# more /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 # Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE] DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=static BROADCAST=192.168.59.255 HWADDR=00:0C:29:98:1A:CD IPADDR=192.168.59.200 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=192.168.59.0 ONBOOT=yes [root@OFLHR ~]# more /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 DEVICE=eth1 MTU=1500 USERCTL=no ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=192.168.2.200 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 HWADDR=00:0C:29:98:1A:D7 [root@OFLHR ~]# ip a 1: lo: mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:98:1a:cd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.59.200/24 brd 192.168.59.255 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe98:1acd/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:98:1a:d7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.2.200/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe98:1ad7/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@OFLHR ~]#
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2.2.2 添加硬盘
添加一块100G大小的IDE格式的硬盘作为存储。
[root@OFLHR ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders, total 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000adc2c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 610469 305203+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 610470 17382329 8385930 83 Linux /dev/sda3 17382330 19486844 1052257+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders, total 209715200 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table [root@OFLHR ~]#
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2.3 iscsi target配置
为openfiler服务器配置了两块硬盘，其中10GB的硬盘已经用来安装openfiler操作系统，而200GB的硬盘则会用做数据存储。
2.3.1 创建逻辑卷
登录地址：https://192.168.59.200:446
初始用户名和密码：openfiler/password
在独立存储设备中，LUN（Logical Unit Number）是最重要的基本单位。LUN可以被SAN中的任何主机访问，不管是透过HBA或是iSCSI。就算是软件激活的iSCSI，也可以在不同的操作系统之下，在操作系统启动之后利用软件的iSCSI initiator访问LUN。在OpenFiler之下，LUN被称为Logical Volume（LV），因此在OpenFiler下创建LUN就是创建LV。
当你安装好OpenFiler之后，接下来就是要将OpenFiler下的磁盘分享出来给虚拟机或网络上的其他主机使用了。在标准的SAN之后，这些可以在RAID层面完成，但VG的好处及弹性是RAID无法比较的，下面看看OpenFiler下的VG是如何一步一步创建的。
创建VG的步骤：
（1）进入OpenFiler的接口，并且选择要使用的实体硬盘。
（2）将要加入的实体硬盘格式化成Physical Volume格式。
（3）创建一个VG组，并且将格式化成为PV格式的实体硬盘加入。
（4）加入完毕之后，就成为一个大的VG组，被视为系统的一个大实体硬盘。
（5）在这个VG中添加逻辑分割区LUN，在OpenFiler中称为Logical Volume。
（6）指定LUN的文件格式，如iSCSI、ext3或是NFS，并且格式化。
（7）如果是iSCSI则需要再配置，如果是其他文件格式，就可以用NAS的方式分享出去而
登录后，点击Volumes标签
为openfiler服务器配置了两块硬盘，其中10GB的硬盘已经用来安装openfiler操作系统，而200GB的硬盘则会用做数据存储。
点击create new physical volumes后点击/dev/sdb
点击页面右下角Reset，然后点击Create。分区类型为Physical volume
点击Volume Groups
输入名称，勾选复选框，单击Add volume group
[root@OFLHR ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders, total 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000adc2c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 610469 305203+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 610470 17382329 8385930 83 Linux /dev/sda3 17382330 19486844 1052257+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdb'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders, total 209715200 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 209715199 104857599+ ee GPT [root@OFLHR ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sdb1 vmlhr lvm2 a- 95.34g 95.34g [root@OFLHR ~]#
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点击Add Volume
输入内容，调整磁盘大小为10G，卷类型选择block（iSCSI，FC，etc）
依次共创建4个逻辑卷：
[root@OFLHR ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree vmlhr 1 4 0 wz--n- 95.34g 55.34g [root@OFLHR ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sdb1 vmlhr lvm2 a- 95.34g 55.34g [root@OFLHR ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert lv01 vmlhr -wi-a- 10.00g lv02 vmlhr -wi-a- 10.00g lv03 vmlhr -wi-a- 10.00g lv04 vmlhr -wi-a- 10.00g [root@OFLHR ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders, total 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000adc2c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 610469 305203+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 610470 17382329 8385930 83 Linux /dev/sda3 17382330 19486844 1052257+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdb'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders, total 209715200 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 209715199 104857599+ ee GPT
Disk /dev/dm-0: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders, total 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/dm-1: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders, total 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/dm-1 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/dm-2: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders, total 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/dm-2 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/dm-3: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders, total 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/dm-3 doesn't contain a valid partition table [root@OFLHR ~]#
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2.3.2 开启iSCSI Target服务
点击Services标签栏设置iSCSI Target 为Enable 开启服务Start。
2.3.3 LUN Mapping操作
返回Volumes标签页，点击iSCSI Targets
点击Add
选择LUN Mapping标签 点击Map
2.3.4 Network ACL
由于iSCSI是走IP网络，因此我们要允许网络中的计算机可以透过IP来访问。下面就是OpenFiler中IP网络和同一网段中其他主机的连接方法。
1．进入OpenFiler中的System，并且直接拉到页面的下方。
2．在Network Access Configuration的地方输入这个网络访问的名称，如VM_LHR。
3．输入主机的IP段。注意不可以输入单一主机的IP，这样会都无法访问。我们在这边输入192.168.59.0，表示从192.168.59.1一直到192.168.59.254都能访问。
4．在Netmask中选择255.255.255.0，并且在Type下拉列表框中选择Share，之后即可以单击Update按钮。
选择完之后就更新
至此就可以在这个OpenFiler中看到被授权的网段了。
在iSCSI Targets中，点击 Network ACL 标签
设置Access为Allow 然后点击Update
到此存储的配置已经完成
2.3.5 /etc/initiators.deny
注释掉iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:tsn.5e423e1e4d90 ALL：
[root@OFLHR ~]# more /etc/initiators.deny
# PLEASE DO NOT MODIFY THIS CONFIGURATION FILE! # This configuration file was autogenerated # by Openfiler. Any manual changes will be overwritten # Generated at: Sat Jan 21 1:49:55 CST 2017
#iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:tsn.5e423e1e4d90 ALL
# End of Openfiler configuration
[root@OFLHR ~]#
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第三章 RAC中配置共享
3.1 RAC节点配置iSCSI
iSCSI（Internet Small Computer System Interface）。iSCSI技术由IBM公司研究开发，是一个供硬件设备使用的、可以在IP协议的上层运行的SCSI指令集，这种指令集合可以实现在IP网络上运行SCSI协议，使其能够在诸如高速千兆以太网上进行路由选择。iSCSI技术是一种新储存技术，该技术是将现有SCSI接口与以太网络(Ethernet)技术结合，使服务器可与使用IP网络的储存装置互相交换资料。iSCSI是一种基于 TCP/IP 的协议，用来建立和管理 IP存储设备、主机和客户机等之间的相互连接，并创建存储区域网络（SAN）。
iSCSI target：就是储存设备端，存放磁盘或RAID的设备，目前也能够将Linux主机模拟成iSCSI target了！目的在提供其他主机使用的『磁盘』；
iSCSI initiator：就是能够使用target的用户端，通常是服务器。也就是说，想要连接到iSCSI target的服务器，也必须要安装iSCSI initiator的相关功能后才能够使用iSCSI target提供的磁盘。
3.1.1 iSCSI target
[root@OFLHR ~]# service iscsi-target start Starting iSCSI target service: [ OK ] [root@OFLHR ~]# more /etc/ietd.conf ##### WARNING!!! - This configuration file generated by Openfiler. DO NOT MANUALLY EDIT. #####
Target iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:tsn.5e423e1e4d90 HeaderDigest None DataDigest None MaxConnections 1 InitialR2T Yes ImmediateData No MaxRecvDataSegmentLength 131072 MaxXmitDataSegmentLength 131072 MaxBurstLength 262144 FirstBurstLength 262144 DefaultTime2Wait 2 DefaultTime2Retain 20 MaxOutstandingR2T 8 DataPDUInOrder Yes DataSequenceInOrder Yes ErrorRecoveryLevel 0 Lun 0 Path=/dev/vmlhr/lv01,Type=blockio,ScsiSN=22llvD-CacO-MOMA,ScsiId=22llvD-CacO-MOMA,IOMode=wt Lun 1 Path=/dev/vmlhr/lv02,Type=blockio,ScsiSN=BgLpy9-u7PH-csDC,ScsiId=BgLpy9-u7PH-csDC,IOMode=wt Lun 2 Path=/dev/vmlhr/lv03,Type=blockio,ScsiSN=38KsSC-REKL-yPgW,ScsiId=38KsSC-REKL-yPgW,IOMode=wt Lun 3 Path=/dev/vmlhr/lv04,Type=blockio,ScsiSN=aN5blo-NyMp-L4Jl,ScsiId=aN5blo-NyMp-L4Jl,IOMode=wt
[root@OFLHR ~]# ps -ef|grep iscsi root 937 2 0 01:01 ? 00:00:00 [iscsi_eh] root 946 1 0 01:01 ? 00:00:00 iscsid root 947 1 0 01:01 ? 00:00:00 iscsid root 13827 1217 0 02:43 pts/1 00:00:00 grep iscsi [root@OFLHR ~]# cat /proc/net/iet/volume tid:1 name:iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:tsn.5e423e1e4d90 lun:0 state:0 iotype:blockio iomode:wt path:/dev/vmlhr/lv01 lun:1 state:0 iotype:blockio iomode:wt path:/dev/vmlhr/lv02 lun:2 state:0 iotype:blockio iomode:wt path:/dev/vmlhr/lv03 lun:3 state:0 iotype:blockio iomode:wt path:/dev/vmlhr/lv04 [root@OFLHR ~]# cat /proc/net/iet/session tid:1 name:iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:tsn.5e423e1e4d90 [root@OFLHR ~]#
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3.1.2 iSCSI initiator
3.1.2.1 安装iSCSI initiator
RAC的2个节点分别安装iSCSI initiator。
[root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# rpm -qa|grep iscsi iscsi-initiator-utils-6.2.0.873-10.el6.x86_64 [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]#
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若未安装可使用yum install iscsi-initiator-utils*进行安装。
3.1.2.2 iscsiadm
iscsi initiator主要通过iscsiadm命令管理，我们先查看提供服务的iscsi target机器上有哪些target:
[root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# iscsiadm --mode discovery --type sendtargets --portal 192.168.59.200 [ OK ] iscsid: [ OK ] 192.168.59.200:3260,1 iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:tsn.5e423e1e4d90 192.168.2.200:3260,1 iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:tsn.5e423e1e4d90 [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# ps -ef|grep iscsi root 2619 2 0 11:32 ? 00:00:00 [iscsi_eh] root 2651 1 0 11:32 ? 00:00:00 iscsiuio root 2658 1 0 11:32 ? 00:00:00 iscsid root 2659 1 0 11:32 ? 00:00:00 iscsid root 2978 56098 0 11:33 pts/1 00:00:00 grep iscsi [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]#
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到这一步就可以看出，你服务端创建的iSCSI Target 的编号和名称。这条命令只需记住-p后面跟iSCSI服务的地址就行了，也可以是主机名，都可以！3260是服务的端口号，默认的！
然后就可以登陆某个target了，登陆成功某个target后，这个target下的硬盘也就都共享过来了：
[root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# fdisk -l | grep dev Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes /dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux /dev/sda2 26 1332 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda3 1332 2611 10279936 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes /dev/sdb1 1 1306 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb2 1306 2611 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb3 2611 3917 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb4 3917 13055 73399296 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 3917 5222 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb6 5223 6528 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb7 6528 7834 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb8 7834 9139 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb9 9139 10445 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb10 10445 11750 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb11 11750 13055 10477568 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sde: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/sdc: 6442 MB, 6442450944 bytes Disk /dev/sdd: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rootlhr-Vol02: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rootlhr-Vol00: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/vg_orasoft-lv_orasoft_u01: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/vg_orasoft-lv_orasoft_soft: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rootlhr-Vol01: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rootlhr-Vol03: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# iscsiadm --mode node --targetname iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:tsn.5e423e1e4d90 –portal 192.168.59.200:3260 --login Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:tsn.5e423e1e4d90, portal: 192.168.59.200,3260] (multiple) Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:tsn.5e423e1e4d90, portal: 192.168.2.200,3260] (multiple) Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:tsn.5e423e1e4d90, portal: 192.168.59.200,3260] successful. Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:tsn.5e423e1e4d90, portal: 192.168.2.200,3260] successful. [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# fdisk -l | grep dev Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes /dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux /dev/sda2 26 1332 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda3 1332 2611 10279936 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes /dev/sdb1 1 1306 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb2 1306 2611 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb3 2611 3917 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb4 3917 13055 73399296 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 3917 5222 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb6 5223 6528 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb7 6528 7834 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb8 7834 9139 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb9 9139 10445 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb10 10445 11750 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb11 11750 13055 10477568 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sde: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/sdc: 6442 MB, 6442450944 bytes Disk /dev/sdd: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rootlhr-Vol02: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rootlhr-Vol00: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/vg_orasoft-lv_orasoft_u01: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/vg_orasoft-lv_orasoft_soft: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rootlhr-Vol01: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rootlhr-Vol03: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes Disk /dev/sdf: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/sdi: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/sdh: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/sdl: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/sdj: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/sdg: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/sdk: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/sdm: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
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这里多出了8块盘，在openfiler中只map了四次，为什么这里是8块而不是4块呢？因为openfiler有2块网卡，使用两个IP登录两次iscsi target，所以这里有两块是重复的
要查看各个iscsi的信息：
# iscsiadm -m session -P 3
[root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# iscsiadm -m session -P 3 iSCSI Transport Class version 2.0-870 version 6.2.0-873.10.el6 Target: iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:tsn.5e423e1e4d90 Current Portal: 192.168.59.200:3260,1 Persistent Portal: 192.168.59.200:3260,1 ********** Interface: ********** Iface Name: default Iface Transport: tcp Iface Initiatorname: iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:61d32512355 Iface IPaddress: 192.168.59.160 Iface HWaddress: Iface Netdev: SID: 1 iSCSI Connection State: LOGGED IN iSCSI Session State: LOGGED_IN Internal iscsid Session State: NO CHANGE ********* Timeouts: ********* Recovery Timeout: 120 Target Reset Timeout: 30 LUN Reset Timeout: 30 Abort Timeout: 15 ***** CHAP: ***** username: password: ******** username_in: password_in: ******** ************************ Negotiated iSCSI params: ************************ HeaderDigest: None DataDigest: None MaxRecvDataSegmentLength: 262144 MaxXmitDataSegmentLength: 131072 FirstBurstLength: 262144 MaxBurstLength: 262144 ImmediateData: No InitialR2T: Yes MaxOutstandingR2T: 1 ************************ Attached SCSI devices: ************************ Host Number: 4 State: running scsi4 Channel 00 Id 0 Lun: 0 Attached scsi disk sdg State: running scsi4 Channel 00 Id 0 Lun: 1 Attached scsi disk sdj State: running scsi4 Channel 00 Id 0 Lun: 2 Attached scsi disk sdk State: running scsi4 Channel 00 Id 0 Lun: 3 Attached scsi disk sdm State: running Current Portal: 192.168.2.200:3260,1 Persistent Portal: 192.168.2.200:3260,1 ********** Interface: ********** Iface Name: default Iface Transport: tcp Iface Initiatorname: iqn.1994-05.com.redhat:61d32512355 Iface IPaddress: 192.168.2.100 Iface HWaddress: Iface Netdev: SID: 2 iSCSI Connection State: LOGGED IN iSCSI Session State: LOGGED_IN Internal iscsid Session State: NO CHANGE ********* Timeouts: ********* Recovery Timeout: 120 Target Reset Timeout: 30 LUN Reset Timeout: 30 Abort Timeout: 15 ***** CHAP: ***** username: password: ******** username_in: password_in: ******** ************************ Negotiated iSCSI params: ************************ HeaderDigest: None DataDigest: None MaxRecvDataSegmentLength: 262144 MaxXmitDataSegmentLength: 131072 FirstBurstLength: 262144 MaxBurstLength: 262144 ImmediateData: No InitialR2T: Yes MaxOutstandingR2T: 1 ************************ Attached SCSI devices: ************************ Host Number: 5 State: running scsi5 Channel 00 Id 0 Lun: 0 Attached scsi disk sdf State: running scsi5 Channel 00 Id 0 Lun: 1 Attached scsi disk sdh State: running scsi5 Channel 00 Id 0 Lun: 2 Attached scsi disk sdi State: running scsi5 Channel 00 Id 0 Lun: 3 Attached scsi disk sdl State: running [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]#
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登陆之后要对新磁盘进行分区，格式化，然后在挂载即可
完成这些命令后，iscsi initator会把这些信息记录到/var/lib/iscsi目录下：
/var/lib/iscsi/send_targets记录了各个target的情况，/var/lib/iscsi/nodes记录了各个target下的nodes情况。下次再启动iscsi initator时（service iscsi start)，就会自动登陆各个target上。如果想让重新手工登陆各个target，需要把/var/lib/iscsi/send_targets目录下的内容和/var/lib/iscsi/nodes下的内容全部删除掉。
3.2 多路径multipath
3.2.1 RAC的2个节点上分别安装multipath软件
1、安装多路径软件包：
[root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /media/lhr/cdrom/ mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# cd /media/lhr/cdrom/Packages/ [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 Packages]# ll device-mapper-*.x86_64.rpm -r--r--r-- 104 root root 168424 Oct 30 2013 device-mapper-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm -r--r--r-- 104 root root 118316 Oct 30 2013 device-mapper-event-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm -r--r--r-- 104 root root 112892 Oct 30 2013 device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm -r--r--r-- 104 root root 199924 Oct 30 2013 device-mapper-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm -r--r--r-- 95 root root 118892 Oct 25 2013 device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64.rpm -r--r--r-- 95 root root 184760 Oct 25 2013 device-mapper-multipath-libs-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64.rpm -r--r--r-- 96 root root 2444388 Oct 30 2013 device-mapper-persistent-data-0.2.8-2.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 Packages]# ll iscsi* -r--r--r-- 101 root root 702300 Oct 29 2013 iscsi-initiator-utils-6.2.0.873-10.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 Packages]# rpm -qa|grep device-mapper device-mapper-persistent-data-0.2.8-2.el6.x86_64 device-mapper-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 device-mapper-event-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 device-mapper-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 Packages]# rpm -ivh device-mapper-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm warning: device-mapper-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY Preparing... ########################################### [100%] package device-mapper-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 is already installed [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 Packages]# rpm -ivh device-mapper-event-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm warning: device-mapper-event-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY Preparing... ########################################### [100%] package device-mapper-event-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 is already installed [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 Packages]# rpm -ivh device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64.rpm warning: device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY error: Failed dependencies: device-mapper-multipath-libs = 0.4.9-72.el6 is needed by device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64 libmpathpersist.so.0()(64bit) is needed by device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64 libmultipath.so()(64bit) is needed by device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64 [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 Packages]# rpm -ivh device-mapper-multipath-libs-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64.rpm warning: device-mapper-multipath-libs-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:device-mapper-multipath########################################### [100%] [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 Packages]# rpm -ivh device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64.rpm warning: device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:device-mapper-multipath########################################### [100%] [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 Packages]# rpm -qa|grep device-mapper device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64 device-mapper-persistent-data-0.2.8-2.el6.x86_64 device-mapper-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 device-mapper-event-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 device-mapper-multipath-libs-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64 device-mapper-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 [root@raclhr-12cR1-N2 Packages]#
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rpm -ivh device-mapper-multipath-libs-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64.rpm
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3.2.2 启动multipath
将多路径软件添加至内核模块中
modprobe dm-multipath modprobe dm-round-robin
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检查内核添加情况
[root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 Packages]# lsmod |grep multipath dm_multipath 17724 1 dm_round_robin dm_mod 84209 16 dm_multipath,dm_mirror,dm_log [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 Packages]# |
将多路径软件multipath设置为开机自启动
[root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 Packages]# chkconfig --level 2345 multipathd on [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 Packages]# [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 Packages]# chkconfig --list|grep multipathd multipathd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 Packages]# |
启动multipath服务
[root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 Packages]# service multipathd restart ux_socket_connect: No such file or directory Stopping multipathd daemon: [FAILED] Starting multipathd daemon: [ OK ] [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 Packages]# |
3.2.3 配置多路径软件/etc/multipath.conf
1、配置multipath软件，编辑/etc/multipath.conf
注意:默认情况下，/etc/multipath.conf是不存在的，需要用如下命令生成multipath.conf文件:
/sbin/mpathconf --enable --find_multipaths y --with_module y --with_chkconfig y
[root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# multipath -ll Jan 23 12:52:54 | /etc/multipath.conf does not exist, blacklisting all devices. Jan 23 12:52:54 | A sample multipath.conf file is located at Jan 23 12:52:54 | /usr/share/doc/device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9/multipath.conf Jan 23 12:52:54 | You can run /sbin/mpathconf to create or modify /etc/multipath.conf [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# multipath -ll Jan 23 12:53:49 | /etc/multipath.conf does not exist, blacklisting all devices. Jan 23 12:53:49 | A sample multipath.conf file is located at Jan 23 12:53:49 | /usr/share/doc/device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9/multipath.conf Jan 23 12:53:49 | You can run /sbin/mpathconf to create or modify /etc/multipath.conf [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# /sbin/mpathconf --enable --find_multipaths y --with_module y --with_chkconfig y [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# ll /etc/multipath.conf -rw------- 1 root root 2775 Jan 23 12:55 /etc/multipath.conf [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]#
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2、查看并获取存储分配给服务器的逻辑盘lun的wwid信息
[root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 multipath]# multipath -v0 [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 multipath]# more /etc/multipath/wwids # Multipath wwids, Version : 1.0 # NOTE: This file is automatically maintained by multipath and multipathd. # You should not need to edit this file in normal circumstances. # # Valid WWIDs: /14f504e46494c455232326c6c76442d4361634f2d4d4f4d41/ /14f504e46494c455242674c7079392d753750482d63734443/ /14f504e46494c455233384b7353432d52454b4c2d79506757/ /14f504e46494c4552614e35626c6f2d4e794d702d4c344a6c/ [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 multipath]#
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将文件/etc/multipath/wwids和/etc/multipath/bindings的内容覆盖节点2：
[root@raclhr-12cR1-N2 ~]# multipath -v0 [root@raclhr-12cR1-N2 ~]# more /etc/multipath/wwids # Multipath wwids, Version : 1.0 # NOTE: This file is automatically maintained by multipath and multipathd. # You should not need to edit this file in normal circumstances. # # Valid WWIDs: /14f504e46494c455232326c6c76442d4361634f2d4d4f4d41/ /14f504e46494c455242674c7079392d753750482d63734443/ /14f504e46494c455233384b7353432d52454b4c2d79506757/ /14f504e46494c4552614e35626c6f2d4e794d702d4c344a6c/ [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# more /etc/multipath/bindings # Multipath bindings, Version : 1.0 # NOTE: this file is automatically maintained by the multipath program. # You should not need to edit this file in normal circumstances. # # Format: # alias wwid # mpatha 14f504e46494c455232326c6c76442d4361634f2d4d4f4d41 mpathb 14f504e46494c455242674c7079392d753750482d63734443 mpathc 14f504e46494c455233384b7353432d52454b4c2d79506757 mpathd 14f504e46494c4552614e35626c6f2d4e794d702d4c344a6c [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]#
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[root@raclhr-12cR1-N2 ~]# [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 multipath]# multipath -ll mpathd (14f504e46494c4552614e35626c6f2d4e794d702d4c344a6c) dm-9 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK size=10G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw |-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active | `- 5:0:0:3 sdk 8:160 active ready running `-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=enabled `- 4:0:0:3 sdm 8:192 active ready running mpathc (14f504e46494c455233384b7353432d52454b4c2d79506757) dm-8 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK size=10G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw |-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active | `- 5:0:0:2 sdj 8:144 active ready running `-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=enabled `- 4:0:0:2 sdl 8:176 active ready running mpathb (14f504e46494c455242674c7079392d753750482d63734443) dm-7 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK size=10G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw |-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active | `- 4:0:0:1 sdh 8:112 active ready running `-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=enabled `- 5:0:0:1 sdi 8:128 active ready running mpatha (14f504e46494c455232326c6c76442d4361634f2d4d4f4d41) dm-6 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK size=10G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw |-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active | `- 4:0:0:0 sdf 8:80 active ready running `-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=enabled `- 5:0:0:0 sdg 8:96 active ready running [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 multipath]# fdisk -l | grep dev Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes /dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux /dev/sda2 26 1332 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda3 1332 2611 10279936 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes /dev/sdb1 1 1306 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb2 1306 2611 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb3 2611 3917 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb4 3917 13055 73399296 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 3917 5222 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb6 5223 6528 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb7 6528 7834 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb8 7834 9139 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb9 9139 10445 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb10 10445 11750 10485760 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb11 11750 13055 10477568 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdc: 6442 MB, 6442450944 bytes Disk /dev/sdd: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/sde: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rootlhr-Vol02: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rootlhr-Vol00: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/vg_orasoft-lv_orasoft_u01: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/vg_orasoft-lv_orasoft_soft: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rootlhr-Vol01: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rootlhr-Vol03: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes Disk /dev/sdf: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/sdg: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/sdh: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/sdi: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/sdj: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/sdk: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/sdl: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/sdm: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/mpatha: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/mpathb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/mpathc: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/mpathd: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 multipath]#
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3.2.4 编辑/etc/multipath.conf
for i in f g h i j k l m ; do echo "KERNEL==\"sd*\", BUS==\"scsi\", PROGRAM==\"/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/\$name\",RESULT==\"`scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/sd$i`\",NAME=\"asm-disk$i\",OWNER=\"grid\",GROUP=\"asmadmin\",MODE=\"0660\"" done
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[root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 multipath]# for i in f g h i j k l m ; > do > echo "KERNEL==\"sd*\", BUS==\"scsi\", PROGRAM==\"/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/\$name\",RESULT==\"`scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/sd$i`\",NAME=\"asm-disk$i\",OWNER=\"grid\",GROUP=\"asmadmin\",MODE=\"0660\"" > done KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="14f504e46494c455232326c6c76442d4361634f2d4d4f4d41",NAME="asm-diskf",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="14f504e46494c455232326c6c76442d4361634f2d4d4f4d41",NAME="asm-diskg",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="14f504e46494c455242674c7079392d753750482d63734443",NAME="asm-diskh",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="14f504e46494c455242674c7079392d753750482d63734443",NAME="asm-diski",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="14f504e46494c455233384b7353432d52454b4c2d79506757",NAME="asm-diskj",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="14f504e46494c4552614e35626c6f2d4e794d702d4c344a6c",NAME="asm-diskk",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="14f504e46494c455233384b7353432d52454b4c2d79506757",NAME="asm-diskl",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="14f504e46494c4552614e35626c6f2d4e794d702d4c344a6c",NAME="asm-diskm",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 multipath]# [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 multipath]# more /etc/multipath.conf defaults { find_multipaths yes user_friendly_names yes }
blacklist { wwid 3600508b1001c5ae72efe1fea025cd2e5 devnode "^hd[a-z]" devnode "^sd[a-e]" devnode "^sda" }
multipaths { multipath { wwid 14f504e46494c455232326c6c76442d4361634f2d4d4f4d41 alias VMLHRStorage000 path_grouping_policy multibus path_selector "round-robin 0" failback manual rr_weight priorities no_path_retry 5 } multipath { wwid 14f504e46494c455242674c7079392d753750482d63734443 alias VMLHRStorage001 path_grouping_policy multibus path_selector "round-robin 0" failback manual rr_weight priorities no_path_retry 5 } multipath { wwid 14f504e46494c455233384b7353432d52454b4c2d79506757 alias VMLHRStorage002 path_grouping_policy multibus path_selector "round-robin 0" failback manual rr_weight priorities no_path_retry 5 } multipath { wwid 14f504e46494c4552614e35626c6f2d4e794d702d4c344a6c alias VMLHRStorage003 path_grouping_policy multibus path_selector "round-robin 0" failback manual rr_weight priorities no_path_retry 5 } } devices { device { vendor "VMWARE" product "VIRTUAL-DISK" path_grouping_policy multibus getuid_callout "/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/%n" path_checker readsector0 path_selector "round-robin 0" hardware_handler "0" failback 15 rr_weight priorities no_path_retry queue } } [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 multipath]#
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启动multipath配置
[root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# service multipathd restart ok Stopping multipathd daemon: [ OK ] Starting multipathd daemon: [ OK ] [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# multipath -ll VMLHRStorage003 (14f504e46494c4552614e35626c6f2d4e794d702d4c344a6c) dm-9 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK size=10G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw |-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active | `- 5:0:0:3 sdk 8:160 active ready running `-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=enabled `- 4:0:0:3 sdm 8:192 active ready running VMLHRStorage002 (14f504e46494c455233384b7353432d52454b4c2d79506757) dm-8 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK size=10G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw |-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active | `- 5:0:0:2 sdj 8:144 active ready running `-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=enabled `- 4:0:0:2 sdl 8:176 active ready running VMLHRStorage001 (14f504e46494c455242674c7079392d753750482d63734443) dm-7 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK size=10G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw |-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active | `- 4:0:0:1 sdh 8:112 active ready running `-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=enabled `- 5:0:0:1 sdi 8:128 active ready running VMLHRStorage000 (14f504e46494c455232326c6c76442d4361634f2d4d4f4d41) dm-6 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK size=10G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw |-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active | `- 4:0:0:0 sdf 8:80 active ready running `-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=enabled `- 5:0:0:0 sdg 8:96 active ready running [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# multipath -ll|grep LHR VMLHRStorage003 (14f504e46494c4552614e35626c6f2d4e794d702d4c344a6c) dm-9 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK VMLHRStorage002 (14f504e46494c455233384b7353432d52454b4c2d79506757) dm-8 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK VMLHRStorage001 (14f504e46494c455242674c7079392d753750482d63734443) dm-7 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK VMLHRStorage000 (14f504e46494c455232326c6c76442d4361634f2d4d4f4d41) dm-6 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]#
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启用multipath配置后,会在/dev/mapper下生成多路径逻辑盘
[root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# cd /dev/mapper [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 mapper]# ll total 0 crw-rw---- 1 root root 10, 58 Jan 23 12:49 control lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jan 23 12:49 vg_orasoft-lv_orasoft_soft -> ../dm-3 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jan 23 12:49 vg_orasoft-lv_orasoft_u01 -> ../dm-2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jan 23 12:50 vg_rootlhr-Vol00 -> ../dm-1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jan 23 12:50 vg_rootlhr-Vol01 -> ../dm-4 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jan 23 12:49 vg_rootlhr-Vol02 -> ../dm-0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jan 23 12:50 vg_rootlhr-Vol03 -> ../dm-5 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jan 23 13:55 VMLHRStorage000 -> ../dm-6 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jan 23 13:55 VMLHRStorage001 -> ../dm-7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jan 23 13:55 VMLHRStorage002 -> ../dm-8 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jan 23 13:55 VMLHRStorage003 -> ../dm-9 [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 mapper]#
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至此，多路径multipath配置完成。
3.2.5 配置multipath设备的权限
在6.2之前配置multipath设备的权限只需要在设备配置里增加uid,gid,mode就可以
uid 1100 #uid
gid 1020 #gid
如：
multipath { wwid 360050763008101d4e00000000000000a alias DATA03 uid 501 #uid gid 501 #gid }
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在6.2之后配置multipath配置文件里去掉uid,gid,mode这三个参数，需要使用udev使用,示例文件在/usr/share/doc/device-mapper-version中有一个模板文件,名为12-dm-permissions.rules,您可以使用它并将其放在 /etc/udev/rules.d 目录中使其生效。
[root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 rules.d]# ll /usr/share/doc/device-mapper-1.02.79/12-dm-permissions.rules -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3186 Aug 13 2013 /usr/share/doc/device-mapper-1.02.79/12-dm-permissions.rules [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 rules.d]# [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 rules.d]# ll total 24 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 77 Jan 23 18:06 12-dm-permissions.rules -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 190 Jan 23 15:40 55-usm.rules -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 549 Jan 23 15:17 70-persistent-cd.rules -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 585 Jan 23 15:09 70-persistent-net.rules -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 633 Jan 23 15:46 99-oracle-asmdevices.rules -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 916 Jan 23 15:16 99-oracleasm.rules [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 rules.d]# more /etc/udev/rules.d/12-dm-permissions.rules ENV{DM_NAME}=="VMLHRStorage*", OWNER:="grid", GROUP:="asmadmin", MODE:="660" [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 rules.d]#
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将文件/etc/udev/rules.d/12-dm-permissions.rules复制到节点2上。
3.2.6 配置udev规则
脚本如下所示：
for i in f g h i j k l m ; do echo "KERNEL==\"dm-*\", BUS==\"block\", PROGRAM==\"/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/\$name\",RESULT==\"`scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sd$i`\",NAME=\"asm-disk$i\",OWNER=\"grid\",GROUP=\"asmadmin\",MODE=\"0660\"" >> /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracleasm.rules done
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由于多路径的设置WWID有重复，所以应该去掉文件/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracleasm.rules中的重复的行。
在节点1执行以下操作：
[root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 rules.d]# for i in f g h i j k l m ; > do > echo "KERNEL==\"dm-*\", BUS==\"block\", PROGRAM==\"/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/\$name\",RESULT==\"`scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sd$i`\",NAME=\"asm-disk$i\",OWNER=\"grid\",GROUP=\"asmadmin\",MODE=\"0660\"" >> /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracleasm.rules > done
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打开文件/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracleasm.rules，去掉WWID重复的行只保留一行即可。
[root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracleasm.rules KERNEL=="dm-*", BUS=="block", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="14f504e46494c455232326c6c76442d4361634f2d4d4f4d41",NAME="asm-diskf",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" KERNEL=="dm-*", BUS=="block", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="14f504e46494c455242674c7079392d753750482d63734443",NAME="asm-diskh",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" KERNEL=="dm-*", BUS=="block", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="14f504e46494c455233384b7353432d52454b4c2d79506757",NAME="asm-diskj",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" KERNEL=="dm-*", BUS=="block", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="14f504e46494c4552614e35626c6f2d4e794d702d4c344a6c",NAME="asm-diskk",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]#
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将文件/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracleasm.rules的内容拷贝到节点2，然后重启udev。
[root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# start_udev Starting udev: [ OK ] [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# ll /dev/asm-* brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 32 Jan 23 15:50 /dev/asm-diskc brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 48 Jan 23 15:48 /dev/asm-diskd brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 64 Jan 23 15:48 /dev/asm-diske brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253, 7 Jan 23 15:46 /dev/asm-diskf brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253, 9 Jan 23 15:46 /dev/asm-diskh brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253, 6 Jan 23 15:46 /dev/asm-diskj brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253, 8 Jan 23 15:46 /dev/asm-diskk [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# [grid@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/kfod disks=all s=true ds=true -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Disk Size Header Path Disk Group User Group ================================================================================ 1: 6144 Mb MEMBER /dev/asm-diskc OCR grid asmadmin 2: 10240 Mb MEMBER /dev/asm-diskd DATA grid asmadmin 3: 10240 Mb MEMBER /dev/asm-diske FRA grid asmadmin 4: 10240 Mb CANDIDATE /dev/asm-diskf # grid asmadmin 5: 10240 Mb CANDIDATE /dev/asm-diskh # grid asmadmin 6: 10240 Mb CANDIDATE /dev/asm-diskj # grid asmadmin 7: 10240 Mb CANDIDATE /dev/asm-diskk # grid asmadmin -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME ================================================================================ +ASM2 /u01/app/12.1.0/grid +ASM1 /u01/app/12.1.0/grid [grid@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> lsdg State Type Rebal Sector Block AU Total_MB Free_MB Req_mir_free_MB Usable_file_MB Offline_disks Voting_files Name MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 10240 6487 0 6487 0 N DATA/ MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 10240 10144 0 10144 0 N FRA/ MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 6144 1672 0 1672 0 Y OCR/ ASMCMD> lsdsk Path /dev/asm-diskc /dev/asm-diskd /dev/asm-diske ASMCMD> lsdsk --candidate -p Group_Num Disk_Num Incarn Mount_Stat Header_Stat Mode_Stat State Path 0 1 0 CLOSED CANDIDATE ONLINE NORMAL /dev/asm-diskf 0 3 0 CLOSED CANDIDATE ONLINE NORMAL /dev/asm-diskh 0 2 0 CLOSED CANDIDATE ONLINE NORMAL /dev/asm-diskj 0 0 0 CLOSED CANDIDATE ONLINE NORMAL /dev/asm-diskk ASMCMD>
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3.3 利用新磁盘创建磁盘组
CREATE DISKGROUP FRA external redundancy DISK '/dev/asm-diskf','/dev/asm-diskh' ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.rdbms' = '12.1', 'compatible.asm' = '12.1';
SQL> select path from v$asm_disk;
PATH -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /dev/asm-diskk /dev/asm-diskf /dev/asm-diskj /dev/asm-diskh /dev/asm-diske /dev/asm-diskd /dev/asm-diskc
7 rows selected.
SQL> CREATE DISKGROUP TESTMUL external redundancy DISK '/dev/asm-diskf','/dev/asm-diskh' ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.rdbms' = '12.1', 'compatible.asm' = '12.1';
Diskgroup created.
SQL> ASMCMD> lsdg State Type Rebal Sector Block AU Total_MB Free_MB Req_mir_free_MB Usable_file_MB Offline_disks Voting_files Name MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 10240 6487 0 6487 0 N DATA/ MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 10240 10144 0 10144 0 N FRA/ MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 6144 1672 0 1672 0 Y OCR/ MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 20480 20381 0 20381 0 N TESTMUL/ ASMCMD>
[root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# crsctl stat res -t | grep -2 TESTMUL ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-12cr1-n1 STABLE ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-12cr1-n2 STABLE ora.TESTMUL.dg ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-12cr1-n1 STABLE ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-12cr1-n2 STABLE [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]#
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3.3.1 测试磁盘组
[oracle@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Mon Jan 23 16:17:28 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL> create tablespace TESTMUL datafile '+TESTMUL' size 10M;
Tablespace created.
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +DATA/LHRRAC/DATAFILE/system.258.933550527 +DATA/LHRRAC/DATAFILE/undotbs2.269.933551323 +DATA/LHRRAC/DATAFILE/sysaux.257.933550483 +DATA/LHRRAC/DATAFILE/undotbs1.260.933550575 +DATA/LHRRAC/DATAFILE/example.268.933550723 +DATA/LHRRAC/DATAFILE/users.259.933550573 +TESTMUL/LHRRAC/DATAFILE/testmul.256.934042679
7 rows selected.
SQL>
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将存储停掉一块网卡eth1：
[root@OFLHR ~]# ip a 1: lo: mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:98:1a:cd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.59.200/24 brd 192.168.59.255 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe98:1acd/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:98:1a:d7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.2.200/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe98:1ad7/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@OFLHR ~]# ifconfig eth1 down [root@OFLHR ~]# ip a 1: lo: mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:98:1a:cd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.59.200/24 brd 192.168.59.255 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe98:1acd/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:98:1a:d7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.2.200/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eth1 [root@OFLHR ~]#
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rac节点查看日志：
[root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages Jan 23 16:20:51 raclhr-12cR1-N1 iscsid: connect to 192.168.2.200:3260 failed (No route to host) Jan 23 16:20:57 raclhr-12cR1-N1 iscsid: connect to 192.168.2.200:3260 failed (No route to host) Jan 23 16:21:03 raclhr-12cR1-N1 iscsid: connect to 192.168.2.200:3260 failed (No route to host) [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]# multipath -ll VMLHRStorage003 (14f504e46494c4552614e35626c6f2d4e794d702d4c344a6c) dm-8 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK size=10G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw `-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active |- 5:0:0:3 sdm 8:192 failed faulty running `- 4:0:0:3 sdl 8:176 active ready running VMLHRStorage002 (14f504e46494c455233384b7353432d52454b4c2d79506757) dm-9 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK size=10G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw `-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active |- 5:0:0:2 sdj 8:144 failed faulty running `- 4:0:0:2 sdk 8:160 active ready running VMLHRStorage001 (14f504e46494c455242674c7079392d753750482d63734443) dm-7 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK size=10G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw `-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active |- 4:0:0:1 sdi 8:128 active ready running `- 5:0:0:1 sdh 8:112 failed faulty running VMLHRStorage000 (14f504e46494c455232326c6c76442d4361634f2d4d4f4d41) dm-6 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK size=10G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw `-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active |- 4:0:0:0 sdf 8:80 active ready running `- 5:0:0:0 sdg 8:96 failed faulty running [root@raclhr-12cR1-N1 ~]#
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表空间可以正常访问：
SQL> create table tt tablespace TESTMUL as select * from dual;
Table created.
SQL> select * from tt;
D - X
SQL>
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同理，将eth1进行up，而将eth0宕掉，表空间依然正常。重启集群和存储后，集群一切正常。
第四章 测试多路径
重新搭建一套多路径的环境来测试多路径。
最简单的测试方法，是用dd往磁盘读写数据，然后用iostat观察各通道的流量和状态，以判断Failover或负载均衡方式是否正常：
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mapper/mpath0
# iostat -k 2
[root@orcltest ~]# multipath -ll VMLHRStorage003 (14f504e46494c4552674a61727a472d523449782d5336784e) dm-3 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK size=10G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw `-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active |- 35:0:0:2 sdf 8:80 active ready running `- 36:0:0:2 sdg 8:96 active ready running VMLHRStorage002 (14f504e46494c4552506a5a5954422d6f6f4e652d34423171) dm-2 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK size=10G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw `-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active |- 35:0:0:3 sdh 8:112 active ready running `- 36:0:0:3 sdi 8:128 active ready running VMLHRStorage001 (14f504e46494c4552324b583573332d774e5a622d696d7334) dm-1 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK size=10G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw `-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active |- 35:0:0:1 sdd 8:48 active ready running `- 36:0:0:1 sde 8:64 active ready running VMLHRStorage000 (14f504e46494c45523431576859532d643246412d5154564f) dm-0 OPNFILER,VIRTUAL-DISK size=10G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw `-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active |- 35:0:0:0 sdb 8:16 active ready running `- 36:0:0:0 sdc 8:32 active ready running [root@orcltest ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mapper/VMLHRStorage001
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重新开一个窗口执行iostat -k 2可以看到：
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.00 0.00 5.23 20.78 0.00 73.99
Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn sda 9.00 0.00 92.00 0 184 scd0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sdb 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sdc 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sdd 1197.50 4704.00 10886.00 9408 21772 sde 1197.50 4708.00 10496.00 9416 20992 sdh 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sdi 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sdf 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sdg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 dm-4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 dm-10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 dm-1 2395.00 9412.00 21382.00 18824 42764 dm-2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 dm-3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 dm-5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 dm-6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 dm-7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 dm-8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 dm-9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0
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4.1 有关多路径其它理论知识
用multipath生成映射后，会在/dev目录下产生多个指向同一条链路的设备：
/dev/mapper/mpathn /dev/mpath/mpathn /dev/dm-n |
但它们的来源是完全不同的：
/dev/mapper/mpathn 是multipath虚拟出来的多路径设备，我们应该使用这个设备；/dev/mapper 中的设备是在引导过程中生成的。可使用这些设备访问多路径设备，例如在生成逻辑卷时。
/dev/mpath/mpathn 是udev设备管理器创建的，实际上就是指向下面的dm-n设备，仅为了方便，不能用来挂载；提供 /dev/mpath 中的设备是为了方便，这样可在一个目录中看到所有多路径设备。这些设备是由 udev 设备管理器生成的，且在系统需要访问它们时不一定能启动。请不要使用这些设备生成逻辑卷或者文件系统。
/dev/dm-n 是软件内部自身使用的，不能被软件以外使用，不可挂载。所有 /dev/dm-n 格式的设备都只能是作为内部使用，且应该永远不要使用。
简单来说，就是我们应该使用/dev/mapper/下的设备符。对该设备即可用fdisk进行分区，或创建为pv。
好了，有关使用OpenFiler来模拟存储配置RAC中ASM共享盘及多路径的测试就到此为止了。2016年结束了，今天是1月23日，明天是1月24日，小麦苗回家过年了，O(∩_∩)O~。在此也祝福各位网友和朋友身体健康，万事如意，合家欢乐，生活美满，事业有成，珠玉满堂，多寿多富，财大气粗，攻无不克，战无不胜!
About Me
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● 本文作者：小麦苗，只专注于数据库的技术，更注重技术的运用
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