[20170725]关于备份集与备份片.txt
--//以前学习rman对于备份集与备份片这个概念也不是很清晰.
--//备份片(BACKUPPIECE)表示一个由RMAN产生备份的文件.用OS工具可以实实在在的看到.
--//备份集(BACKUPSET)表示进行一次备份所产生的所有备份片集合,是一个逻辑上的概念.
--//我的理解有点像表空间是一个逻辑的概念,里面可以有多过数据文件.还是通过例子说明:
1.环境:
SCOTT@book> @ &r/ver1
PORT_STRING VERSION BANNER
------------------------------ -------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x86_64/Linux 2.4.xx 11.2.0.4.0 Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
RMAN> report schema ;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name BOOK
List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1 760 SYSTEM *** /mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf
2 940 SYSAUX *** /mnt/ramdisk/book/sysaux01.dbf
3 865 UNDOTBS1 *** /mnt/ramdisk/book/undotbs01.dbf
4 128 USERS *** /mnt/ramdisk/book/users01.dbf
5 346 EXAMPLE *** /mnt/ramdisk/book/example01.dbf
6 40 TEA *** /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf
List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1 414 TEMP 32767 /mnt/ramdisk/book/temp01.dbf
--//system表空间760M.
2.做一个测试:
$ cat aa.rman
run
{
allocate channel c1 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m;
backup datafile 1 format '/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_%U';
release channel c1;
}
RMAN> @ aa.rman
RMAN> run
2> {
3> allocate channel c1 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m;
4> backup datafile 1 format '/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_%U';
5> release channel c1;
6> }
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=68 device type=DISK
Starting backup at 2017-07-25 15:54:30
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 2017-07-25 15:54:30
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 2017-07-25 15:54:31
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_1_1 tag=TAG20170725T155430 comment=NONE
channel c1: starting piece 2 at 2017-07-25 15:54:31
channel c1: finished piece 2 at 2017-07-25 15:54:32
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_2_1 tag=TAG20170725T155430 comment=NONE
channel c1: starting piece 3 at 2017-07-25 15:54:32
channel c1: finished piece 3 at 2017-07-25 15:54:33
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_3_1 tag=TAG20170725T155430 comment=NONE
channel c1: starting piece 4 at 2017-07-25 15:54:33
channel c1: finished piece 4 at 2017-07-25 15:54:34
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_4_1 tag=TAG20170725T155430 comment=NONE
channel c1: starting piece 5 at 2017-07-25 15:54:34
channel c1: finished piece 5 at 2017-07-25 15:54:35
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_5_1 tag=TAG20170725T155430 comment=NONE
channel c1: starting piece 6 at 2017-07-25 15:54:35
channel c1: finished piece 6 at 2017-07-25 15:54:36
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_6_1 tag=TAG20170725T155430 comment=NONE
channel c1: starting piece 7 at 2017-07-25 15:54:36
channel c1: finished piece 7 at 2017-07-25 15:54:37
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_7_1 tag=TAG20170725T155430 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished backup at 2017-07-25 15:54:37
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2017-07-25 15:54:37
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/BOOK/autobackup/2017_07_25/o1_mf_s_950284477_dqfy9xq3_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2017-07-25 15:54:38
released channel: c1
RMAN> **end-of-file**
$ ls -l /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_*
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104857600 2017-07-25 15:54:30 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104857600 2017-07-25 15:54:31 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_2_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104857600 2017-07-25 15:54:32 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_3_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104857600 2017-07-25 15:54:33 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_4_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104857600 2017-07-25 15:54:34 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_5_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104857600 2017-07-25 15:54:35 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_6_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 50921472 2017-07-25 15:54:36 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_7_1
--//看到的这些文件就是备份片.
--//而整个备份片就构成了备机集.而且这个备份实际上2个备份片,另外一个控制文件以及spfile的备份集.具体看下面的视图查询.
3.通过视图说明问题:
SCOTT@book> select recid,piece#,handle,tag,set_count from V$BACKUP_PIECE where tag='TAG20170725T155430';
RECID PIECE# HANDLE TAG SET_COUNT
---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------
202 1 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_1_1 TAG20170725T155430 487
203 2 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_2_1 TAG20170725T155430 487
204 3 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_3_1 TAG20170725T155430 487
205 4 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_4_1 TAG20170725T155430 487
206 5 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_5_1 TAG20170725T155430 487
207 6 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_6_1 TAG20170725T155430 487
208 7 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_7_1 TAG20170725T155430 487
7 rows selected.
SCOTT@book> column handle format a100
SCOTT@book> select recid,piece#,handle,tag,set_count from V$BACKUP_PIECE where set_count=488;
RECID PIECE# HANDLE TAG SET_COUNT
---------- ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ----------
209 1 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/BOOK/autobackup/2017_07_25/o1_mf_s_950284477_dqfy9xq3_.bkp TAG20170725T155437 488
--//备份集可以查询V$BACKUP_SET_DETAILS,V$BACKUP_SET视图.
SCOTT@book> select * from V$BACKUP_SET;
RECID STAMP SET_STAMP SET_COUNT B CON INCREMENTAL_LEVEL PIECES START_TIME COMPLETION_TIME ELAPSED_SECONDS BLOCK_SIZE INP KEE KEEP_UNTIL KEEP_OPTION MUL
----- ---------- ---------- ---------- - --- ----------------- ------ ------------------- ------------------- --------------- ---------- --- --- ---------- ----------- ---
201 950284476 950284470 487 D NO 7 2017-07-25 15:54:30 2017-07-25 15:54:36 6 8192 NO NO NO
202 950284477 950284477 488 D YES 1 2017-07-25 15:54:37 2017-07-25 15:54:37 0 16384 NO NO NO
SCOTT@book> @ &r/pt2 'select * from V$BACKUP_SET_DETAILS'
old 6: from table(xmlsequence(cursor( &1 )))
new 6: from table(xmlsequence(cursor( select * from V$BACKUP_SET_DETAILS )))
ROW_NUM COL_NUM COL_NAME COL_VALUE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ -----------------------------------------------------
1 1 SESSION_KEY 451
2 SESSION_RECID 451
3 SESSION_STAMP 950284466
4 BS_KEY 201
5 RECID 201
6 STAMP 950284476
7 SET_STAMP 950284470
8 SET_COUNT 487
9 BACKUP_TYPE D
10 CONTROLFILE_INCLUDED NO
11 PIECES 7
12 START_TIME 2017-07-25 15:54:30
13 COMPLETION_TIME 2017-07-25 15:54:36
14 ELAPSED_SECONDS 6
15 BLOCK_SIZE 8192
16 KEEP NO
17 DEVICE_TYPE DISK
18 COMPRESSED NO
19 NUM_COPIES 1
20 OUTPUT_BYTES 680009728
21 ORIGINAL_INPUT_BYTES 796925952
22 COMPRESSION_RATIO 1.1719331638737968172125914057511836066
23 STATUS A
24 ORIGINAL_INPRATE_BYTES 132820992
25 OUTPUT_RATE_BYTES 113334954.666666666666666666666666666667
26 ORIGINAL_INPUT_BYTES_DISPLAY 760.01M
27 OUTPUT_BYTES_DISPLAY 648.51M
28 ORIGINAL_INPRATE_BYTES_DISPLAY 126.67M
29 OUTPUT_RATE_BYTES_DISPLAY 108.08M
30 TIME_TAKEN_DISPLAY 00:00:06
31 ENCRYPTED NO
32 BACKED_BY_OSB NO
Press Enter to view next row...
ROW_NUM COL_NUM COL_NAME COL_VALUE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------
2 1 SESSION_KEY 451
2 SESSION_RECID 451
3 SESSION_STAMP 950284466
4 BS_KEY 202
5 RECID 202
6 STAMP 950284477
7 SET_STAMP 950284477
8 SET_COUNT 488
9 BACKUP_TYPE D
10 CONTROLFILE_INCLUDED YES
11 PIECES 1
12 START_TIME 2017-07-25 15:54:37
13 COMPLETION_TIME 2017-07-25 15:54:37
14 ELAPSED_SECONDS 0
15 BLOCK_SIZE 16384
16 KEEP NO
17 DEVICE_TYPE DISK
18 COMPRESSED NO
19 NUM_COPIES 1
20 OUTPUT_BYTES 10764288
21 ORIGINAL_INPUT_BYTES 10698754
22 COMPRESSION_RATIO 1
23 STATUS A
24 ORIGINAL_INPRATE_BYTES 10698754
25 OUTPUT_RATE_BYTES 10764288
26 ORIGINAL_INPUT_BYTES_DISPLAY 10.20M
27 OUTPUT_BYTES_DISPLAY 10.27M
28 ORIGINAL_INPRATE_BYTES_DISPLAY 10.20M
29 OUTPUT_RATE_BYTES_DISPLAY 10.27M
30 TIME_TAKEN_DISPLAY 00:00:00
31 ENCRYPTED NO
32 BACKED_BY_OSB NO
64 rows selected.
--//两者结合起来就很容易理解这些基本概念.
4.补充测试:
$ cat aa.rman
run
{
allocate channel c1 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m;
allocate channel c2 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m;
allocate channel c3 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m;
backup as backupset section size 100M datafile 1 format '/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_%U';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
}
RMAN> @ aa.rman
RMAN> run
2> {
3> allocate channel c1 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m;
4> allocate channel c2 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m;
5> allocate channel c3 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m;
6> backup as backupset section size 100M datafile 1 format '/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_%U';
7> release channel c1;
8> release channel c2;
9> release channel c3;
10> }
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=68 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=80 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c3
channel c3: SID=90 device type=DISK
Starting backup at 2017-07-26 08:56:02
released channel: c1
released channel: c2
released channel: c3
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 07/26/2017 08:56:02
RMAN-06808: SECTION SIZE cannot be used when piece limit is in effect
RMAN> **end-of-file**
--//报错.修改如下,注意要退出rman在执行,不然SECTION SIZE cannot be used when piece limit is in effect依旧有效.
$ cat aa.rman
run
{
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
allocate channel c3 device type disk;
backup as backupset section size 100M datafile 1 format '/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_%U';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
}
RMAN> @ aa.rman
RMAN> run
2> {
3> allocate channel c1 device type disk;
4> allocate channel c2 device type disk;
5> allocate channel c3 device type disk;
6> backup as backupset section size 100M datafile 1 format '/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_%U';
7> release channel c1;
8> release channel c2;
9> release channel c3;
10> }
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=68 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=80 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c3
channel c3: SID=90 device type=DISK
Starting backup at 2017-07-26 08:57:58
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf
backing up blocks 1 through 12800
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 2017-07-26 08:57:59
channel c2: starting full datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf
backing up blocks 12801 through 25600
channel c2: starting piece 2 at 2017-07-26 08:57:59
channel c3: starting full datafile backup set
channel c3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf
backing up blocks 25601 through 38400
channel c3: starting piece 3 at 2017-07-26 08:57:59
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 2017-07-26 08:58:00
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_1_1 tag=TAG20170726T085758 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf
backing up blocks 38401 through 51200
channel c1: starting piece 4 at 2017-07-26 08:58:00
channel c2: finished piece 2 at 2017-07-26 08:58:00
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_2_1 tag=TAG20170726T085758 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c2: starting full datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf
backing up blocks 51201 through 64000
channel c2: starting piece 5 at 2017-07-26 08:58:00
channel c3: finished piece 3 at 2017-07-26 08:58:00
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_3_1 tag=TAG20170726T085758 comment=NONE
channel c3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c3: starting full datafile backup set
channel c3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf
backing up blocks 64001 through 76800
channel c3: starting piece 6 at 2017-07-26 08:58:00
channel c1: finished piece 4 at 2017-07-26 08:58:01
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_4_1 tag=TAG20170726T085758 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf
backing up blocks 76801 through 89600
channel c1: starting piece 7 at 2017-07-26 08:58:01
channel c2: finished piece 5 at 2017-07-26 08:58:01
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_5_1 tag=TAG20170726T085758 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c2: starting full datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf
backing up blocks 89601 through 97280
channel c2: starting piece 8 at 2017-07-26 08:58:02
channel c3: finished piece 6 at 2017-07-26 08:58:02
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_6_1 tag=TAG20170726T085758 comment=NONE
channel c3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
channel c1: finished piece 7 at 2017-07-26 08:58:03
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_7_1 tag=TAG20170726T085758 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
channel c2: finished piece 8 at 2017-07-26 08:58:03
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_8_1 tag=TAG20170726T085758 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2017-07-26 08:58:03
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2017-07-26 08:58:03
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/BOOK/autobackup/2017_07_26/o1_mf_s_950345883_dqht8v4k_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2017-07-26 08:58:04
released channel: c1
released channel: c2
released channel: c3
RMAN> **end-of-file**
SCOTT@book> select recid,piece#,handle,tag,set_count from V$BACKUP_PIECE where tag like 'TAG20170726T085%';
RECID PIECE# HANDLE TAG SET_COUNT
----- ------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------
218 1 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_1_1 TAG20170726T085758 491
219 2 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_2_1 TAG20170726T085758 491
220 3 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_3_1 TAG20170726T085758 491
221 4 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_4_1 TAG20170726T085758 491
222 5 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_5_1 TAG20170726T085758 491
223 6 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_6_1 TAG20170726T085758 491
224 7 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_7_1 TAG20170726T085758 491
225 8 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_8_1 TAG20170726T085758 491
226 1 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/BOOK/autobackup/2017_07_26/o1_mf_s_950345883_dqht8v4k_.bkp TAG20170726T085803 499
9 rows selected.
--//虽然建立3个通道,但是建立2个备份集.
