对于从Oracle 10g下迁移数据库到Oracle 11g，除了使用RMAN方式之外，我们可以使用带dblink的datapump方式来实现基于逻辑上的迁移。其步骤也相对简单，而且不会产生中间过程生成的dump文件。本文即针对如何使用该方法给出了示例，供大家参考。
1、确保源数据库和目标数据库处于可用状态
--环境描述
--源库: mftst Oracle 10.2.0.3 + Enterprise Linux Enterprise Linux Server release 5.5 (Carthage) 32bit
--目标库: usbo Oracle 11.2.0.1 + Welcome to SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP3 (x86_64) - Kernel \r (\l). 64bit
robin@SZDB:~> tnsping usbo
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ tnsping gomftst
sys@MFTST> select * from v$version where rownum<2;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Release 10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
2、源数据库端的相关参数
sys@MFTST> select instance_name,host_name from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME HOST_NAME
---------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
MFTST SZDB
--确保参数parallel_max的值为0，以避免源库端导出性能慢(Bug 5453502/Note: 392689.1)
sys@MFTST> show parameter parallel_max
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
parallel_max_servers integer 0
3、目标数据库段端相关参数
sys@USBO> select * from v$version where rownum<2;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
sys@USBO> select instance_name,host_name from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME HOST_NAME
---------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
usbo linux1.orasrv.com
--确保参数cursor_sharing的值为EXACT，以避免性能问题(Bug 4235941/Note: 416238.1)
sys@USBO> show parameter cursor_sha
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
cursor_sharing string EXACT
--目标数据库端的导入导出路径
sys@USBO> select * from dba_directories where directory_name like '%PUMP%';
OWNER DIRECTORY_NAME DIRECTORY_PATH
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
SYS DATA_PUMP_DIR /u01/app/oracle/admin/usbo/dpdump/
4、创建从目标数据库到源数据库的dblink
sys@USBO> create database link gomftst connect to goex_admin identified by goex_admin using 'GOMFTST';
Database link created.
sys@USBO> select * from dual@gomftst;
DUM
---
X
-- Author : Robinson Cheng
-- Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612
5、创建相应的表空间
--由于源数据库的表空间不存在于目标数据库，导入时创建对象会报错，因此我们需要在目标数据库创建表空间
--对于Oracle 11g，我们可以使用remap_datafile以及remap_tablespace参数来指定，不过直接创建相应的表空间貌似更加简便
sys@USBO> SELECT 'create tablespace ' || tablespace_name || ' datafile ''' || REPLACE (file_name, 'MFTST', 'usbo') || ''' size '
2 || TO_CHAR (CEIL (size_mb)) || ' M autoextend on;' as cmd
3 FROM (SELECT tablespace_name, file_name, (bytes / 1024 / 1024) size_mb
4 FROM dba_data_files@gomftst
5 WHERE tablespace_name IN (SELECT DISTINCT tablespace_name
6 FROM dba_segments@gomftst
7 WHERE owner IN ('GOEX_ADMIN', 'FIX_ADMIN')));
CMD
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
create tablespace GOEX_ACCOUNT_TBL datafile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_account_tbl.dbf' size 329 M autoextend on;
create tablespace GOEX_STOCK_TBL datafile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_stock_tbl.dbf' size 161 M autoextend on;
create tablespace GOEX_STOCK_L_TBL datafile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_stock_l_tbl.dbf' size 2 M autoextend on;
create tablespace GOEX_TX_TBL datafile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_tx_tbl.dbf' size 825 M autoextend on;
create tablespace GOEX_USERS_TBL datafile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_users_tbl.dbf' size 315 M autoextend on;
create tablespace GOEX_ACCOUNT_IDX datafile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_account_idx.dbf' size 51 M autoextend on;
create tablespace GOEX_STOCK_IDX datafile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_stock_idx.dbf' size 40 M autoextend on;
create tablespace GOEX_STOCK_L_IDX datafile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_stock_l_idx.dbf' size 3 M autoextend on;
create tablespace GOEX_TX_IDX datafile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_tx_idx.dbf' size 68 M autoextend on;
create tablespace GOEX_USERS_IDX datafile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_users_idx.dbf' size 60 M autoextend on;
create tablespace GOEX_IMPORT_TBL datafile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_import_tbl.dbf' size 608 M autoextend on;
create tablespace GOEX_IMPORT_IDX datafile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_import_idx.dbf' size 11 M autoextend on;
create tablespace IES_IDX datafile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_IES_IDX.DBF' size 20 M autoextend on;
create tablespace IES_TBL datafile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_IES_TBL.DBF' size 105 M autoextend on;
create tablespace FIX_TX_IDX datafile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_fix_tx_idx.dbf' size 3 M autoextend on;
create tablespace FIX_TX_TBL datafile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_fix_tx_tbl.dbf' size 24 M autoextend on;
create tablespace FIX_USERS_IDX datafile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_fix_users_idx.dbf' size 1 M autoextend on;
create tablespace FIX_USERS_TBL datafile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_fix_users_tbl.dbf' size 3 M autoextend on;
create tablespace GOEX_IPO_IDX datafile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_ipo_idx.dbf' size 2 M autoextend on;
create tablespace GOEX_IPO_TBL datafile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_ipo_tbl.dbf' size 3 M autoextend on;
--把上面的语句直接复制到SQL提示符下执行即可，如果有需要也可以将其封装到脚本来执行
--创建相应的临时表空间，这是由于被导入的schema可能缺省的临时表空间并非temp的问题
sys@USBO> SELECT 'create temporary tablespace '
2 || tablespace_name
3 || ' tempfile '''
4 || REPLACE (file_name, 'MFTST', 'usbo')
5 || ''' size '
6 || TO_CHAR (CEIL (bytes / 1024 / 1024))
7 || ' M autoextend on;' as cmd
8 FROM dba_temp_files@gomftst
9 WHERE tablespace_name IN (SELECT temporary_tablespace
10 FROM dba_users@gomftst
11 WHERE username IN ('GOEX_ADMIN', 'FIX_ADMIN') AND temporary_tablespace <> 'TEMP');
CMD
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
create temporary tablespace GOEX_TEMP tempfile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_tempusbo.dbf' size 149 M autoextend on;
--下面是创建相应的临时表空间
sys@USBO> create temporary tablespace GOEX_TEMP tempfile '/u02/database/usbo/oradata/usbo_tempusbo.dbf' size 149 M autoextend on;
6、实施数据迁移
$ export ORACLE_SID=usbo
$ impdp \'\/ as sysdba \' directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR network_link=gomftst logfile=imp_mftst.log version=10.2.0.3 \
parallel=2 schemas='goex_admin,fix_admin'
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ impdp \'\/ as sysdba \' directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR network_link=gomftst logfile=imp_mftst.log version=10.2.0.3 \
> parallel=2 schemas='goex_admin,fix_admin'
Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Sep 3 15:12:19 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_13": "/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR network_link=gomftst logfile=imp_mftst.log
version=10.2.0.3 parallel=2 schemas=goex_admin,fix_admin
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 1.557 GB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYNONYM/SYNONYM
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TYPE/TYPE_SPEC
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TYPE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SEQUENCE/SEQUENCE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SEQUENCE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
. . imported "GOEX_ADMIN"."BO2_OUT_TRADE_CHRG_DTL_TBL" 4359 rows
. . imported "GOEX_ADMIN"."GO_GA_ACC_HIST_TBL" 117 rows
. . imported "GOEX_ADMIN"."GO_GA_TRANS_SUMMARY_TBL" 16 rows
. . imported "GOEX_ADMIN"."BO2_OUT_TRADE_HIST_DTL_TBL" 752 rows
. . imported "GOEX_ADMIN"."BO2_OUT_STKINFO_DTL_TBL" 733481 rows
. . imported "GOEX_ADMIN"."GO_GA_STOCK_OVERSEA_TBL" 668255 rows
. . imported "GOEX_ADMIN"."BO2_OUT_ACC_HIST_DTL_TBL" 19 rows
............................
7、需要注意的
如果在导入的过程中有角色或其他非相关的用户报错，可以考虑从源库提取创建脚本在目标数据库先创建再导入
相关参考：
数据泵 EXPDP 导出工具的使用
数据泵IMPDP 导入工具的使用
SQL*Loader使用方法
导入导出 Oracle 分区表数据
expdp impdp中 exclude/include 的使用
使用 Oracle Datapump API 实现数据导出
Oracle datapump expdp/impdp 导入导出数据库时hang住
使用datapump 导出导入同义词(export and import synonym using datapump)
传统路径导出 VS 直接路径导出(oracle exp direct=y)
