对于mysql的数据库的安装，我们有很多种选择来完成。而最为常用的为二进制安装以及源码安装。二进制安装方式中，包括rpm版本以及glibc版本。rpm版本就是在特定linux版本下编译的，如果你的linux版本匹配，就可以安装，如针对RedHat6或者RedHat7编译好的rpm包，下载对应的安装即可。还有另外一种二进制安装包为基于特定的glibc版本编译的，本文主要描述基于glibc方式安装mysql。
一、准备安装环境
###准备安装介质
下载地址：http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
###或者使用wget方式直接下载对应的版本
# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
# mkdir -pv /u01/app
# mkdir -pv /u01/soft
# mkdir -pv /u02/mysqldata
# cd /u01/soft
# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
# tar -xf mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
# ln -sv /u01/soft/mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /u01/app/mysql
`/u01/app/mysql' -> `/u01/soft/mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64'
###下面添加mysql用户
# useradd -r mysql -s /sbin/nologin
# chown -R mysql:mysql /u01/app/mysql
# chown -R mysql:mysql /u02/mysqldata 二、初始化mysql
###使用以下的方式来初始化
# cd /u01/app/mysql/bin
# ./mysqld --initialize --basedir=/u01/app/mysql --datadir=/u02/mysqldata --user=mysql --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
2016-06-28T02:18:23.437852Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2016-06-28T02:18:23.718104Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2016-06-28T02:18:23.866501Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this
server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 9731b834-3cd6-11e6-8654-fcaa14e34b30.
2016-06-28T02:18:23.896540Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2016-06-28T02:18:23.898416Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: )%%D0pr,mU.Y
# ls /u02/mysqldata/
auto.cnf client-cert.pem ibdata1 performance_schema sys
ca-key.pem client-key.pem ib_logfile0 server-cert.pem
ca.pem client-req.pem ib_logfile1 server-key.pem
ca-req.pem ib_buffer_pool mysql server-req.pem
###从上面的结果可以看出 mysql 5.7多出了证书相关文件，安全较5.6有较大提升
###mysql_install_db方式初始化数据已经被废弃
# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/u01/app/mysql --datadir=/u02/mysqldata --user=mysql
2016-06-28 10:04:56 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated.
Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2016-06-28 10:05:15 [WARNING] The bootstrap log isn't empty:
2016-06-28 10:05:15 [WARNING] 2016-06-28T02:04:56.688237Z 0
[Warning] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead
2016-06-28T02:04:56.688654Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000)
2016-06-28T02:04:56.688657Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 431 (requested 2000)
###如上书提示，mysql_install_db方式初始化数据已经被废弃，建议使用mysqld --initialize，同时也给出了参数限制的警告
# cp /u01/app/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# cp /u01/app/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
basedir=/u01/app/mysql
datadir=/u02/mysqldata
user=mysql
port=3306
# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export MYSQL_HOME=/u01/app/mysql
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. [ OK ]三、配置安全选项
###使用初始化时得到的密码配置安全选项
# /u01/app/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation -p)%%D0pr,mU.Y
mysql_secure_installation: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.
New password:
Re-enter new password:
VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords
and improve security. It checks the strength of password
and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin?
Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: y ###是否校验密码插件
There are three levels of password validation policy:
LOW Length >= 8
MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters
STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary file
Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 2 ###设定密码策略等级
Using existing password for root.
Estimated strength of the password: 100
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :
... skipping.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y ###是否移除匿名用户
Success.
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y ###是否关闭root远程登陆功能
Success.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y ###是否移除测试数据库
- Dropping test database...
Success.
- Removing privileges on test database...
Success.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y ###是否立即生效权限表
Success.
All done!
###以下为安全增强相关的部分参数
mysql> show variables like 'valid%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password_dictionary_file | |
| validate_password_length | 8 |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count | 1 |
| validate_password_number_count | 1 |
| validate_password_policy | STRONG |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1 |
+--------------------------------------+--------+四、同一主机配置其他实例
###按上面描述的步骤创建其对应的目录及授权后，再执行初始化
###使用新的配置文件，如下文本示例使用的为3317
# mkdir -pv /u02/mysqldata3317
# chown -R mysql:mysql /u02/mysqldata 3317
# grep -v ^# /etc/my3317.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/u01/app/mysql
datadir=/u02/mysqldata3317
user=mysql
port=3317
socket=/tmp/mysql3317.sock
# cd /u01/app/mysql/bin
# ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my3317.cnf --initialize --user=mysql --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
# 2016-06-30T08:32:52.497519Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2016-06-30T08:32:52.852457Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2016-06-30T08:32:53.042621Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found,
so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started.
Generating a new UUID: 3cb1686d-3e9d-11e6-a71f-fcaa14e34b30.
2016-06-30T08:32:53.081210Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used.
Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2016-06-30T08:32:53.082538Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: :8#l!MCYoCNY
### Author : Leshami
### Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami
# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my3317.cnf &
[1] 5825
2016-06-30T08:11:49.468176Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/u02/mysqldata3317/ydq4.err'.
2016-06-30T08:11:49.480379Z mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation
directory and restart this script from there as follows:
./bin/mysqld_safe&
See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld-safe.html for more information
###如果执行mysqld_safe出现上述错误，可以创建软链。这个地方有问题，对于安装在非缺省目录时出现了这个问题。
# mkdir -pv /usr/local/mysql/bin/
# ln -sv /u01/app/mysql/bin/mysqld /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
"/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld" -> "/u01/app/mysql/bin/mysqld"
# ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my3317.cnf &
[1] 8287
2016-06-30T08:38:38.455961Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/u02/mysqldata3317/ydq4.err'.
2016-06-30T08:38:38.471542Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /u02/mysqldata3317
###配置安全选项
# /u01/app/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation -P3317 -S /tmp/mysql3317.sock -p 五、更多mysql安装卸载参考
Linux 5 下安装MySQL 5.6(RPM方式)
Linux 下卸载MySQL 5
Linux下基于源码方式安装MySQL 5.6
Linux 下MySQL源码安装完整版
MySQL 源码scr.rpm安装的一点注意事项
