原文:
重新想象 Windows 8 Store Apps (60) - 通信: 获取网络信息, 序列化和反序列化
重新想象 Windows 8 Store Apps (60) - 通信: 获取网络信息, 序列化和反序列化
作者：webabcd
介绍
重新想象 Windows 8 Store Apps 之 通信
- 获取网络信息
- 序列化 - json
- 序列化 - xml
- 序列化 - rss atom
示例
1、演示如何获取网络的相关信息
Communication/NetworkInfo.xaml.cs
/* * 演示如何获取网络的相关信息 */ using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using Windows.Networking.Connectivity; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation; using System.Linq; namespace XamlDemo.Communication { public sealed partial class NetworkInfo : Page { public NetworkInfo() { this.InitializeComponent(); } protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e) { /* * NetworkInformation - 用于对网络信息的访问 */ // 获取当前用于 Internet 连接的 ConnectionProfile 对象 ConnectionProfile connectionProfile = NetworkInformation.GetInternetConnectionProfile(); if (connectionProfile == null) return; // 此连接配置的名称 lblMsg.Text = "ProfileName: " + connectionProfile.ProfileName; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // 此连接的网络连接级别（Windows.Networking.Connectivity.NetworkConnectivityLevel 枚举） // None - 无连接 // LocalAccess - 仅允许访问本地网络 // ConstrainedInternetAccess - 受限的 internet 访问 // InternetAccess - 本地和 internet 访问 lblMsg.Text += "NetworkConnectivityLevel: " + connectionProfile.GetNetworkConnectivityLevel(); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // 网络状态发生变化时所触发的事件 NetworkInformation.NetworkStatusChanged += NetworkInformation_NetworkStatusChanged; NetworkAdapter networkAdapter = connectionProfile.NetworkAdapter; if (networkAdapter != null) { lblMsg.Text += "NetworkAdapterId: " + networkAdapter.NetworkAdapterId; // 网络适配器 ID lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += "InboundMaxBitsPerSecond: " + networkAdapter.InboundMaxBitsPerSecond; // 最大入站数据传输速率（单位：bit/s） lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += "OutboundMaxBitsPerSecond: " + networkAdapter.OutboundMaxBitsPerSecond; // 最大出站数据传输速率（单位：bit/s） lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += "NetworkTypes: " + networkAdapter.NetworkItem.GetNetworkTypes(); // 网络类型 lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // 获取所有可用连接 IReadOnlyList<ConnectionProfile> connectionProfiles = NetworkInformation.GetConnectionProfiles(); foreach (ConnectionProfile cp in connectionProfiles) { lblMsg.Text += "ProfileName: " + cp.ProfileName; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // 获取此连接的指定时间段内的本地数据的使用情况 DataUsage dataUsage = cp.GetLocalUsage(DateTime.Now.AddHours(-1), DateTime.Now); lblMsg.Text += "BytesSent: " + dataUsage.BytesSent; // 已发送的字节数 lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += "BytesReceived: " + dataUsage.BytesReceived; // 已收到的字节数 lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } // 以下是一些不常用的东西 ConnectionCost connectionCost = connectionProfile.GetConnectionCost(); DataPlanStatus dataPlanStatus = connectionProfile.GetDataPlanStatus(); NetworkSecuritySettings networkSecuritySettings = connectionProfile.NetworkSecuritySettings; IReadOnlyList<LanIdentifier> lanIdentifiers = NetworkInformation.GetLanIdentifiers(); } void NetworkInformation_NetworkStatusChanged(object sender) { } } }
用于演示序列化和反序列化的实体类
Communication/Serializer/Product.cs
/* * 用于演示序列化和反序列化的实体类 * * 通过 DataContractJsonSerializer 或 DataContractSerializer 做序列化和反序列化时，其支持 DataContract, DataMember, KnownType * 当然如果都不声明 DataContract, DataMember 也没问题 */ using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Runtime.Serialization; namespace XamlDemo.Communication.Serializer { [DataContract(Name="product")] public class Product { [DataMember(Name = "productId", IsRequired = true, Order = 1)] public int ProductId { get; set; } [DataMember(Name = "name", IsRequired = true, Order = 2)] public string Name { get; set; } public decimal Price { get; set; } [DataMember(Name = "createTime", IsRequired = true, Order = 3)] public DateTime CreateTime { get; set; } public static List<Product> GetProducts() { List<Product> products = new List<Product>(); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { products.Add(new Product { ProductId = i, Name = "name: " + i.ToString().PadLeft(4, '0'), Price = i * 100, CreateTime = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-i) }); } return products; } } }
2、演示 json 的序列化和反序列化，以及如何解析 json 字符串
Communication/Serializer/Json.xaml.cs
/* * 演示 json 的序列化和反序列化，以及如何解析 json 字符串 * * 1、通过 DataContractJsonSerializer 做 json 的序列化和反序列化 * 2、通过 JsonObject 和 JsonArray 解析 json 字符串 */ using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Runtime.Serialization; using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json; using System.Text; using Windows.Data.Json; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation; namespace XamlDemo.Communication.Serializer { public sealed partial class Json : Page { private string _jsonString = ""; public Json() { this.InitializeComponent(); } protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e) { SerializeJson(); DeserializeJson(); ParseJson(); } private void SerializeJson() { // 需要序列化为 json 的对象 List<Product> products = Product.GetProducts(); // 序列化为 json 时，定义日期类型的字符串格式 DataContractJsonSerializerSettings settings = new DataContractJsonSerializerSettings(); settings.DateTimeFormat = new DateTimeFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); // 实例化 DataContractJsonSerializer 对象，用于 json 的序列化和反序列化 DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(List<Product>), settings); using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()) { // DataContractJsonSerializer.WriteObject() - 序列化 serializer.WriteObject(ms, products); var bytes = ms.ToArray(); _jsonString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes, 0, bytes.Length); lblMsg.Text = _jsonString; } } private void DeserializeJson() { // 反序列化时，定义日期类型的字符串格式 DataContractJsonSerializerSettings settings = new DataContractJsonSerializerSettings(); settings.DateTimeFormat = new DateTimeFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); // 实例化 DataContractJsonSerializer 对象，用于 json 的序列化和反序列化 DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(List<Product>), settings); using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()) { var bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(_jsonString); ms.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length); ms.Position = 0; // 将流的当前位置定位到起点 // DataContractJsonSerializer.ReadObject() - 反序列化 var result = serializer.ReadObject(ms) as List<Product>; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += "First Product Name: " + result[0].Name; } } private void ParseJson() { // JsonArray - json 数组。可以通过 JsonArray.Parse() 将 json 字符串解析为 JsonArray // JsonObject - json 对象。可以通过 JsonObject.Parse() 将 json 字符串解析为 JsonObject JsonArray ja = JsonArray.Parse(_jsonString); JsonObject joFirst = ja[0].GetObject(); string firstProductName = joFirst["name"].GetString(); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += "First Product Name: " + firstProductName; } } }
3、演示 xml 的序列化和反序列化，以及如何解析 xml 字符串
Communication/Serializer/MyXmlWriter.cs
/* * 自定义 XmlWriter，用于去掉默认生成的 xmlns */ using System.Xml; namespace XamlDemo.Communication.Serializer { public class MyXmlWriter : XmlWriter { private XmlWriter _writer; private bool _ignoreEndAttrCall = false; public MyXmlWriter(XmlWriter writer) { _writer = writer; } /*关键代码开始*/ public override void WriteStartElement(string prefix, string localName, string ns) { if ((ns != null) && ns.StartsWith("http://schemas.datacontract.org")) { ns = null; } _writer.WriteStartElement(prefix, localName, ns); } public override void WriteStartAttribute(string prefix, string localName, string ns) { if ((ns == null) || (ns == "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance")) { _ignoreEndAttrCall = true; return; } _writer.WriteStartAttribute(prefix, localName, ns); } public override void WriteEndAttribute() { if (_ignoreEndAttrCall) { _ignoreEndAttrCall = false; return; } _writer.WriteEndAttribute(); } public override void WriteString(string text) { if (_ignoreEndAttrCall) { return; } _writer.WriteString(text); } /*关键代码结束*/ #region 这部分代码保持原 XmlWriter 的逻辑不变 public override void Flush() { _writer.Flush(); } public override string LookupPrefix(string ns) { return _writer.LookupPrefix(ns); } public override void WriteBase64(byte[] buffer, int index, int count) { _writer.WriteBase64(buffer, index, count); } public override void WriteCData(string text) { _writer.WriteCData(text); } public override void WriteCharEntity(char ch) { _writer.WriteCharEntity(ch); } public override void WriteChars(char[] buffer, int index, int count) { _writer.WriteChars(buffer, index, count); } public override void WriteComment(string text) { _writer.WriteComment(text); } public override void WriteDocType(string name, string pubid, string sysid, string subset) { _writer.WriteDocType(name, pubid, sysid, subset); } public override void WriteEndDocument() { _writer.WriteEndDocument(); } public override void WriteEndElement() { _writer.WriteEndElement(); } public override void WriteEntityRef(string name) { _writer.WriteEntityRef(name); } public override void WriteFullEndElement() { _writer.WriteFullEndElement(); } public override void WriteProcessingInstruction(string name, string text) { _writer.WriteProcessingInstruction(name, text); } public override void WriteRaw(string data) { _writer.WriteRaw(data); } public override void WriteRaw(char[] buffer, int index, int count) { _writer.WriteRaw(buffer, index, count); } public override void WriteStartDocument(bool standalone) { _writer.WriteStartDocument(standalone); } public override void WriteStartDocument() { _writer.WriteStartDocument(); } public override WriteState WriteState { get { return _writer.WriteState; } } public override void WriteSurrogateCharEntity(char lowChar, char highChar) { _writer.WriteSurrogateCharEntity(lowChar, highChar); } public override void WriteWhitespace(string ws) { _writer.WriteWhitespace(ws); } #endregion } }
Communication/Serializer/Xml.xaml.cs
/* * 演示 xml 的序列化和反序列化，以及如何解析 xml 字符串 * * 1、通过 DataContractSerializer 做 xml 的序列化和反序列化 * 2、通过 XLinq（linq to xml）解析 xml 字符串，以及对 xml 做 crud 操作 * * 关于 xlinq 参见：http://www.cnblogs.com/webabcd/archive/2007/10/26/938122.html */ using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Linq; using System.Runtime.Serialization; using System.Text; using System.Xml; using System.Xml.Linq; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation; namespace XamlDemo.Communication.Serializer { public sealed partial class Xml : Page { private string _xmlStringWithoutXmlns = ""; private string _xmlStringWithXmlns = ""; public Xml() { this.InitializeComponent(); } protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e) { SerializeXml(); DeserializeXml(); ParseXml(); } private void SerializeXml() { // 需要序列化为 xml 的对象 List<Product> products = Product.GetProducts(); // 实例化 DataContractSerializer 对象，用于 xml 的序列化和反序列化，可以指定根节点的名称 DataContractSerializer serializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(List<Product>), "root", ""); // 序列化，同时去掉多余的 xmlns using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()) { // XmlWriterSettings - 用于配置 XmlWriter XmlWriterSettings settings = new XmlWriterSettings { Indent = true, IndentChars = "\t", NewLineChars = "\n", Encoding = Encoding.UTF8 }; settings.OmitXmlDeclaration = true; // 是否省略掉 xml 声明 // 通过自定义 XmlWriter（参见：MyXmlWriter.cs）的方式，来去掉全部 xml 命名空间 XmlWriter xmlWriter = MyXmlWriter.Create(ms, settings); MyXmlWriter myXmlWriter = new MyXmlWriter(xmlWriter); // DataContractSerializer.WriteObject() - 序列化 serializer.WriteObject(myXmlWriter, products); xmlWriter.Flush(); xmlWriter.Dispose(); var bytes = ms.ToArray(); _xmlStringWithoutXmlns = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes, 0, bytes.Length); /* * 通过 XmlWriter 序列化的结果都具有相应编码的 preamble * 比如如果序列化成 utf-8 编码的 xml 字符串，则对应的 preamble 为 3 个字节：EF(239), BB(187), BF(191) * preamble 出现在字符串的头部 * 如果直接 WriteObject(MemoryStream, obj)，则不会出现 preamble，但是就没办法通过自定义 XmlWriter 来去掉 xmlns 了 */ // 去掉 utf-8 的 preamble _xmlStringWithoutXmlns = TrimPreamble(_xmlStringWithoutXmlns, Encoding.UTF8); } lblMsg.Text = _xmlStringWithoutXmlns; // 序列化，结果不会出现 preamble，但是 xmlns 都会被保留 using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()) { serializer.WriteObject(ms, products); var bytes = ms.ToArray(); _xmlStringWithXmlns = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes, 0, bytes.Length); } } private void DeserializeXml() { // 实例化 DataContractSerializer 对象，用于 xml 的序列化和反序列化，可以指定根节点的名称 DataContractSerializer serializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(List<Product>), "root", ""); using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()) { var bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(_xmlStringWithXmlns); ms.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length); ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin); // 将流的当前位置定位到起点 // DataContractSerializer.ReadObject() - 反序列化 var result = serializer.ReadObject(ms) as List<Product>; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += "First Product Name: " + result[0].Name; } } /// <summary> /// 通过 xlinq 解析 xml /// 注意 xml 字符串不能有 preamble，否则解析失败 /// 关于用 xlinq 对 xml 做 crud 操作，请参见：http://www.cnblogs.com/webabcd/archive/2007/10/26/938122.html /// </summary> private void ParseXml() { XDocument document = XDocument.Parse(_xmlStringWithoutXmlns); var products = from p in document.Root.Elements("product") select new Product { ProductId = int.Parse(p.Element("productId").Value), Name = p.Element("name").Value }; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += "First Product Name: " + products.First().Name; } /// <summary> /// 去掉指定字符串的指定编码的 preamble /// </summary> public string TrimPreamble(string value, Encoding encoding) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value)) return value; var bytes = encoding.GetPreamble(); string preamble = encoding.GetString(bytes, 0, bytes.Length); if (value.StartsWith(preamble)) value = value.Remove(0, preamble.Length); return value; } } }
4、演示 rss/atom 的解析
Communication/Serializer/RssAtom.xaml.cs
/* * 演示 rss/atom 的解析 * * 注： * 1、AtomPub: 利用 HTTP 方法（post, get, put, delete）的用于 crud web resources 的协议，其全称为 Atom Publishing Protocol * 2、Windows.Web.AtomPub.AtomPubClient - 封装了对 AtomPub 协议的实现 */ using System; using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; using Windows.Web.Syndication; namespace XamlDemo.Communication.Serializer { public sealed partial class RssAtom : Page { public RssAtom() { this.InitializeComponent(); this.Loaded += Rss_Loaded; } async void Rss_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { Uri rssUri = new Uri("http://feed.cnblogs.com/blog/u/18098/rss"); // SyndicationClient - 用于解析 rss/atom 的类 SyndicationClient client = new SyndicationClient(); // 是否绕过缓存，即请求时是否增加头 Pragma: no-cache client.BypassCacheOnRetrieve = true; // 设置 http 头 client.SetRequestHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.2; WOW64; Trident/6.0)"); lblMsg.Text = "downloading feed: " + rssUri.ToString(); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; try { // 获取数据 SyndicationFeed feed = await client.RetrieveFeedAsync(rssUri); ISyndicationText title = feed.Title; lblMsg.Text += "feed title: " + title.Text; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += "items count: " + feed.Items.Count; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; foreach (SyndicationItem item in feed.Items) { lblMsg.Text += "item title: " + item.Title.Text; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } } catch (Exception ex) { lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // 将 errCode 转换为 SyndicationErrorStatus 枚举 SyndicationErrorStatus status = SyndicationError.GetStatus(ex.HResult); lblMsg.Text += status.ToString(); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += ex.ToString(); } } } }
OK
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