自己动手从零开始写一个完整的android Service
Android service对于从事android开发的人,不管是底层开发人员还是应用开发人员都不是一个陌生的对象。笔者就是由于长期主要从事的都是底层开发,对framework下的service以前只是略知一二,知道上面有audio service、light service、power service等等service,这些service都是要通过层层调用call到驱动的,发挥着重要的作用。大家描写service是一头不知疲倦的牛。因此作为android驱动工程师,还是得深入了解一下service的运作。
以前很多时候,我们都是在现有的service基础上增加一下小功能,这不足以让我们完整的了解一个service的完整框架。笔者最近做的一个项目,需要增加一个功能模块,这个功能要在lanucher、setting等 apk应用中都要调用,而在现有的service上不大好去添加,因此决定从零开始自己动手写一个service,下面笔者就抛砖引玉大概描述一下过程。
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第一步:实现driver。Driver也就是service最终需要去控制的对象,这一步就不详细去说了,不管是写成字符型设备文件还块设备,或者是伪文件系统/proc的普通文件,只要能满足这种交互的目的就行。笔者那个字符型设备文件跟/proc普通文件的交互方法都做过,现在还是以字符型设备驱动为例吧。
第二步:android用户空间调用drvier。在android架构中,这个大任当然是hal层当仁不让的。在hal层就要按照hw_module_t的架构去写。代码如下:
static int open_my_driver_device (const struct hw_module_t * module, char const * name, struct hw_device_t ** device)
{
struct mydriver_context_t * dev = (struct mydriver_context_t *)malloc(sizeof(struct mydriver_context_t));
memset(dev, 0, sizeof(struct mydriver_context_t));
int fd = open("/dev/my_driver", O_RDONLY);
if (fd < 0) {
LOGE("failed to open my driver device!");
return -1;
}
dev->fd = fd;
dev->device.common.tag = HARDWARE_DEVICE_TAG;
dev->device.common.version = 0;
dev->device.common.module = (struct hw_module *)module;
dev->device.common.close = (int (*)(struct hw_device_t*))close_my_driver_device;
dev->device.get_acc_state = (int (*)(struct mydriver_device_t *, int *))get_ my_driver _state;
*device = (struct hw_device_t *)dev;
return 0;
}
static struct hw_module_methods_t my_driver_module_methods = {
.open = open_my_driver_device,
};
const struct hw_module_t HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM = {
.tag = HARDWARE_MODULE_TAG,
.version_major = 1,
.version_minor = 0,
.id = MY_DRIVER_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID,
.name = "edsam my driver Module",
.author = "edsam.",
.methods = &my_driver_module_methods,
};
第三步:可以直接去写JNI了。当然如果不是第二步也能合在这里一起写,但是这样代码架构就没那么完整。 JNI怎么写就去查一下相关文档。JNI代码放置/frameworks/base/services/jni/下:
static jint init_native(JNIEnv * env, jobject clazz)
{
int err;
hw_module_t * module;
struct my_driver_device_t * device;
device = NULL;
err = hw_get_module(MY_DRIVER_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID (hw_module_t const **)&module);
if (err == 0) {
hw_device_t * hw_device;
err = module->methods->open(module, NULL, &hw_device);
if (err != 0) {
LOGE("module open fail!");
return 0;
} else {
device = (struct my_driver_device_t *)hw_device;
}
}
return (jint)device;
}
static jint get_my_driver_status_native (JNIEnv * env, jobject clazz, int ptr)
{
struct my_driver_device_t * device = (struct my_driver_device_t *)ptr;
int state = 0;
if (device) {
device->get_my_driver_status(device, &state);
}
return state;
}
static JNINativeMethod method_table[] = {
{"init_native", "()I", (void *)init_native },
{"finalize_native", "(I)V", (void *)finalize_native },
{"get_earphones_status_native", "(I)I", (void *)get_my_driver_status_native },
};
int register_android_server_MyDriverService(JNIEnv * env) {
return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env,
"com/android/server/MyDriverService",
method_table,
NELEM(method_table)
);
}
第四步:注册service。在/frameworks/base/services/jni/目录下有个onload.cpp的文件添加register_android_server_MyDriverService (env);调用。
第五步:java层添加service代码。在/frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/目录下添加。
package com.android.server;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import com.android.internal.os.IMyDriverService;
public class MyDriverService extends IMyDriverService.Stub {
private static final String TAG = "MyDriverService";
private static final boolean DEBUG = false;
@Override
public int getMyDriverState() throws RemoteException {
return get_my_driver_status_native (mNativePointer);
}
public MyDriverService() {
mNativePointer = init_native();
}
protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
finalize_native(mNativePointer);
super.finalize();
}
private static native int init_native();
private static native void finalize_native(int ptr);
private static native int getMyDriverState_native(int ptr);
private int mNativePointer;
}
第六步:增加AIDL定义。文件放置/frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/下,增加IMydriverService.aldl内容如下:
package com.android.internal.os;
interface IMyDriverService {
int getMyDriverState ();
}
上面的aidl文件编译添加到/frameworks/base/Android.mk中定义的LOCAL_SRC_FILES中。
第七步:在systemserver里注册。frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java中的run方法里增加:
mydriverService = newMyDriverService();
ServiceManager.addService(Context.MY_DRIVER_SERVICE, mydriverService);
第八步:产生Manager对象。在/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/下添加有个MyDriverManager.java,
package android.app;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.os.ServiceManager;
import android.util.Slog;
import com.android.internal.os.IMyDriverService;
public class MyDriverManager {
private static final String TAG = "MyDriverManager";
private static final boolean DEBUG = false;
private IMyDriverService mService = null;
public MyDriverManager() {
}
private synchronized IMyDriverService getService() {
if (mService == null) {
mService = IMyDriverService.Stub.asInterface(
ServiceManager.getService(Context.MY_DRIVER_SERVICE));
if (mService == null) {
Slog.w(TAG, "warning : no MyDriverService ");
}
}
return mService;
}
public int getMyDriverStatus() {
try {
final IMyDriverService svc = getService();
if (svc != null) {
return svc. getMyDriverState();
} else {
Slog.e(TAG, "error : IMyDriverService not exist!");
throw new RuntimeException("IMyDriverService not exist!");
}
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Slog.e(TAG, "error : getEarPhonesStatus remote error!");
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}
在/frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/Context中定义MY_DRIVER_SERVICE字符串,在/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java中:
registerService(MY_DRIVER_SERVICE, new ServiceFetcher() {
public Object getService(ContextImpl ctx) {
return new MY_DRIVER_Manager();
}
});
第九步:在编译的时候执行make update-api。就会把新的api加入到api/current.txt文件中去。
最后一步:当然是在需要的地方调用了。
MY_DRIVER_Manager mydriverService = (MY_DRIVER_Manager)getSystemService(Context. MY_DRIVER_Manager);
if (mydriverService!= null) {
mydriverService. getMyDriverStatus ();
}
}
通过以上步骤,完整编译一下系统,应该service能正常工作起来了。加一个service还是挺麻烦的,上层的互联关系比较多。
没有高深的理论介绍,只有简单的实践步骤,比较详细的介绍了一个service的来龙去脉,有兴趣就自己动手实践一下,相信会有收获的。Service在开发中用得非常广泛,号称四大组件之一,真的是名不虚传!征服它,驾驭它,为我所用,为做出好的android产品服务!