之前写过一篇 利用JAX-RS快速开发RESTful 服务 今天来看下spring-mvc框架如何实现类似的功能:
一、pom.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 3 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> 4 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 5 <groupId>infosky</groupId> 6 <artifactId>Spring-MVC-REST</artifactId> 7 <packaging>war</packaging> 8 <version>1.0</version> 9 <properties> 10 <java-version>1.6</java-version> 11 <spring.version>3.2.8.RELEASE</spring.version> 12 <org.aspectj-version>1.7.3</org.aspectj-version> 13 </properties> 14 <dependencies> 15 16 <!-- Spring --> 17 <dependency> 18 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 19 <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> 20 <version>${spring.version}</version> 21 </dependency> 22 23 <dependency> 24 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 25 <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId> 26 <version>${spring.version}</version> 27 </dependency> 28 29 <dependency> 30 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 31 <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> 32 <version>${spring.version}</version> 33 </dependency> 34 35 <dependency> 36 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 37 <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> 38 <version>${spring.version}</version> 39 </dependency> 40 <dependency> 41 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 42 <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> 43 <version>${spring.version}</version> 44 </dependency> 45 <dependency> 46 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 47 <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> 48 <version>${spring.version}</version> 49 </dependency> 50 51 <dependency> 52 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 53 <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> 54 <version>${spring.version}</version> 55 </dependency> 56 57 <dependency> 58 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 59 <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId> 60 <version>${spring.version}</version> 61 </dependency> 62 63 <!-- json --> 64 <dependency> 65 <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId> 66 <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId> 67 <version>1.9.3</version> 68 </dependency> 69 70 <dependency> 71 <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId> 72 <artifactId>jackson-jaxrs</artifactId> 73 <version>1.9.9-redhat-2</version> 74 </dependency> 75 76 <!-- Logging --> 77 <dependency> 78 <groupId>log4j</groupId> 79 <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> 80 <version>1.2.17</version> 81 </dependency> 82 83 <!-- Servlet --> 84 <dependency> 85 <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> 86 <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> 87 <version>2.5</version> 88 <scope>provided</scope> 89 </dependency> 90 91 92 </dependencies> 93 94 <profiles> 95 <profile> 96 <!-- 本地环境 --> 97 <id>local</id> 98 <properties> 99 100 </properties> 101 </profile> 102 <profile> 103 <!-- 开发环境 --> 104 <id>dev</id> 105 <properties> 106 107 </properties> 108 <!-- 默认激活本环境 --> 109 <activation> 110 <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault> 111 </activation> 112 </profile> 113 <profile> 114 <!-- 测试环境 --> 115 <id>test</id> 116 <properties> 117 118 </properties> 119 </profile> 120 <profile> 121 <!-- 预发布环境 --> 122 <id>pre</id> 123 <properties> 124 125 </properties> 126 </profile> 127 <profile> 128 <!-- 生产环境 --> 129 <id>prod</id> 130 <properties> 131 132 </properties> 133 </profile> 134 </profiles> 135 136 <build> 137 <resources> 138 <resource> 139 <directory>src/main/resources</directory> 140 <filtering>true</filtering> 141 </resource> 142 </resources> 143 <plugins> 144 <plugin> 145 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> 146 <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> 147 <version>2.5.1</version> 148 <configuration> 149 <source>1.6</source> 150 <target>1.6</target> 151 <encoding>utf-8</encoding> 152 </configuration> 153 </plugin> 154 </plugins> 155 </build> 156 <organization> 157 <name>infosky</name> 158 <url>www.infosky.com.cn</url> 159 </organization> 160 </project>
二、web.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> 5 <context-param> 6 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 7 <param-value>classpath:root-context.xml</param-value> 8 </context-param> 9 <filter> 10 <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> 11 <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> 12 <init-param> 13 <param-name>encoding</param-name> 14 <param-value>utf-8</param-value> 15 </init-param> 16 </filter> 17 <filter-mapping> 18 <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> 19 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> 20 </filter-mapping> 21 <listener> 22 <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> 23 </listener> 24 <servlet> 25 <servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name> 26 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> 27 <init-param> 28 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 29 <param-value>classpath:servlet-context.xml</param-value> 30 </init-param> 31 <load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup> 32 </servlet> 33 <servlet-mapping> 34 <servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name> 35 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> 36 </servlet-mapping> 37 38 </web-app>
三、servlet-context.xml (关键配置)
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" 4 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 5 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd 6 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> 8 9 <mvc:annotation-driven /> 10 <context:component-scan base-package="com.cnblogs.yjmyzz" /> 11 <mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" /> 12 13 14 <bean 15 class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ContentNegotiatingViewResolver"> 16 <property name="order" value="1" /> 17 <property name="favorParameter" value="false" /> 18 <property name="ignoreAcceptHeader" value="true" /> 19 <property name="defaultContentType" value="text/html" /> 20 <property name="mediaTypes"> 21 <map> 22 <entry key="json" value="application/json" /> 23 <entry key="xml" value="application/xml" /> 24 </map> 25 </property> 26 <property name="viewResolvers"> 27 <list> 28 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.BeanNameViewResolver" /> 29 <bean 30 class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> 31 <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" /> 32 <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> 33 </bean> 34 </list> 35 </property> 36 <property name="defaultViews"> 37 <list> 38 <bean id="jsonView" 39 class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJacksonJsonView" /> 40 <bean id="xmlView" 41 class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.xml.MarshallingView"> 42 <constructor-arg> 43 <bean class="org.springframework.oxm.jaxb.Jaxb2Marshaller"> 44 <property name="classesToBeBound"> 45 <list> 46 <value>com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dto.UserInfo</value> 47 <value>com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dto.ListBean</value> 48 </list> 49 </property> 50 </bean> 51 </constructor-arg> 52 </bean> 53 </list> 54 </property> 55 </bean> 56 57 </beans>
注：46，47行对应 Rest Service中涉及的对象类名，根据需要自行添加。
四、DTO对象
1 package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dto; 2 3 import java.io.Serializable; 4 import java.math.BigDecimal; 5 import java.util.Date; 6 7 import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement; 8 import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement; 9 10 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.utils.DateUtil; 11 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.utils.ListUtil; 12 13 @XmlRootElement(name = "user") 14 public class UserInfo implements Serializable { 15 16 private static final long serialVersionUID = -5461373449802431627L; 17 private String userName; 18 private BigDecimal salary; 19 private Date birthday; 20 private boolean isVip; 21 private int id; 22 private ListBean hobbies; 23 24 @XmlElement 25 public String getUserName() { 26 return userName; 27 } 28 29 public void setUserName(String userName) { 30 this.userName = userName; 31 } 32 33 @XmlElement 34 public BigDecimal getSalary() { 35 return salary; 36 } 37 38 public void setSalary(BigDecimal salary) { 39 this.salary = salary; 40 } 41 42 @XmlElement 43 public Date getBirthday() { 44 return birthday; 45 } 46 47 public void setBirthday(Date birthday) { 48 this.birthday = birthday; 49 } 50 51 @XmlElement 52 public boolean isVip() { 53 return isVip; 54 } 55 56 public void setVip(boolean isVip) { 57 this.isVip = isVip; 58 } 59 60 @XmlElement 61 public int getId() { 62 return id; 63 } 64 65 public void setId(int id) { 66 this.id = id; 67 } 68 69 @XmlElement 70 public ListBean getHobbies() { 71 return hobbies; 72 } 73 74 public void setHobbies(ListBean hobbies) { 75 this.hobbies = hobbies; 76 } 77 78 public String toString() { 79 return "id:" + this.id + ",userName:" + this.userName + ",isVip=" 80 + this.isVip + ",birthday=" 81 + DateUtil.formatDate(this.birthday) + ",hobbies:" 82 + ListUtil.getString(this.hobbies.getList()); 83 } 84 85 }
为了实现List的XML序列化，还需要一个辅助类ListBean
1 package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dto; 2 3 import java.util.List; 4 5 import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement; 6 import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElements; 7 import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement; 8 9 @XmlRootElement(name = "list") 10 public class ListBean { 11 12 public ListBean() { 13 } 14 15 public ListBean(List<?> list) { 16 this.list = list; 17 } 18 19 private List<?> list; 20 21 @XmlElements({ @XmlElement(name = "user", type = UserInfo.class), 22 @XmlElement(name = "hobby", type = String.class) 23 // 如果还有其它类型，继续添加 24 }) 25 public List<?> getList() { 26 return list; 27 } 28 29 public void setList(List<?> list) { 30 this.list = list; 31 } 32 }
注：25行getList前的注解，根据实际需要自行修改
五、Controller
1 package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.web.controller; 2 3 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 4 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 5 6 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 7 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 8 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; 9 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 10 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; 11 12 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dto.ListBean; 13 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dto.UserInfo; 14 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.service.UserService; 15 16 @Controller 17 @RequestMapping(value = "/rest", method = RequestMethod.GET) 18 public class RestController { 19 20 @Autowired 21 UserService userService; 22 23 @RequestMapping(value = "/user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET) 24 public UserInfo show(@PathVariable int id, HttpServletRequest request, 25 HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { 26 return userService.getUserInfo(id); 27 28 } 29 30 @RequestMapping(value = "/user/list", method = RequestMethod.GET) 31 public ListBean getAll() throws Exception { 32 return userService.getAllUsers(); 33 34 } 35 36 }
其中UserService的代码为：
1 package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.service; 2 3 import java.math.BigDecimal; 4 import java.util.ArrayList; 5 import java.util.List; 6 7 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 8 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; 9 10 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dto.ListBean; 11 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dto.UserInfo; 12 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.utils.DateUtil; 13 14 @Service("userService") 15 public class UserService { 16 17 @Autowired 18 UserInfo defaultUserInfo; 19 20 List<UserInfo> userInfos = null; 21 22 public UserService() { 23 init(); 24 } 25 26 private void init() { 27 userInfos = new ArrayList<UserInfo>(); 28 UserInfo user1 = new UserInfo(); 29 user1.setBirthday(DateUtil.getDate(1985, 1, 1)); 30 user1.setId(1); 31 user1.setUserName("A"); 32 user1.setVip(true); 33 user1.setSalary(new BigDecimal(5000.00d)); 34 List<String> hobbyNames = new ArrayList<String>(); 35 hobbyNames.add("music"); 36 hobbyNames.add("movie"); 37 user1.setHobbies(new ListBean(hobbyNames)); 38 userInfos.add(user1); 39 40 UserInfo user2 = new UserInfo(); 41 user2.setBirthday(DateUtil.getDate(1988, 10, 2)); 42 user2.setId(2); 43 user2.setUserName("B"); 44 user2.setVip(false); 45 user2.setSalary(new BigDecimal(8000.60d)); 46 userInfos.add(user2); 47 48 } 49 50 public UserInfo getUserInfo(int userId) { 51 for (UserInfo u : userInfos) { 52 if (u.getId() == userId) { 53 return u; 54 } 55 } 56 return defaultUserInfo; 57 58 } 59 60 public ListBean getAllUsers() { 61 return new ListBean(userInfos); 62 } 63 }
其中DefaultUserInfo是通过配置由Spring注入的默认用户对象
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> 5 6 <bean id="dateFormat" class="java.text.SimpleDateFormat"> 7 <constructor-arg value="yyyy-MM-dd" /> 8 </bean> 9 10 <bean name="defaultUserBean" class="com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dto.UserInfo"> 11 <property name="userName" value="匿名"></property> 12 <property name="salary" value="1000.00"></property> 13 <property name="vip" value="false"></property> 14 <property name="id" value="-1"></property> 15 <property name="birthday"> 16 <bean factory-bean="dateFormat" factory-method="parse"> 17 <constructor-arg value="1985-06-01" /> 18 </bean> 19 </property> 20 </bean> 21 22 </beans>
效果：
http://localhost:8080/Spring-MVC-REST/rest/user/1.json (返回json格式)
http://localhost:8080/Spring-MVC-REST/rest/user/1.xml (返回xml格式)
上面都是GET的示例，最后来一个POST的demo:
1 @RequestMapping(value = "/user/create", method = RequestMethod.POST) 2 @ResponseBody 3 public UserInfo create(@RequestBody(required=true) UserInfo user, HttpServletRequest request, 4 HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { 5 logger.debug("日志记录成功：" + user); 6 user.setId(9999);//只是示例下，模拟db生成了主键id 7 return user; 8 }
源代码下载：Spring-MVC-REST.zip
最后附上一个链接，关于@RequestParam、@RequestBody、@RequestHeader、@CookieValue 这堆注解的用途，可参看这里
http://blog.csdn.net/kobejayandy/article/details/12690161
